The existence of home field advantage in sport is nothing new. The science of the home field advantage has been well researched and proven to exist. Whether the effects are positive or negative depends on the situation and importance of the game. Today we will be discussing the effect of home field advantage in sporting events and the effect it has on the accuracy of calls made by referees and officials in the games. We will propose the question, what are some of psychological effects that a referee may encounter, which may explain inaccurate calls during a game that may affect either team. Psychological basis behind ref’s calls and home field advantage. First, we refer to a study published in the book Scorecasting: by Toby Moscowitz and …show more content…
We will pull from 2 areas, frequency of incorrect calls dependent upon score, and time allotted for injury dependent upon proximity of crowd to referee. First research showed that the frequency of error in calls increased as the home team began to fall behind in the games or with an abnormally loud crowd. Frequency of an incorrect call increased from 4.95% at a tie game to 33.33% when the home team was losing by 3 or more. These numbers help support the statement that officials can unconsciously decide to give the home team an advantage in certain environments. Finally injury time allotment was recorded for stadiums that possessed a track between the field and the crowd (increasing distance between crowd and referee) and a stadium that possessed no track between the field and the crowd (decreasing distance between crowd and referee). In stadiums that possessed a track the home team was allotted an average of 8.1 second more time than opponent during penalty and injury. In stadiums that did not possess a track the time jumped to an average of 12.8 seconds more time than …show more content…
We showed research that showed crowd proximity to the field leading to an increase in field level noise would effect a referee’s ability to call a game. We showed that a loud crowd would cause a social conformity effect among referees creating a situation where they would unconsciously side with the home team. This phenomenon was increased when the home team was loosing the game. We then provided 3 techniques that can be used by a referee to combat the effects of a loud crowd in preparation to the event and during the event. We used self-talk, goal setting, and meditation to calm an over aroused referee or arouse an under aroused
Playing football comes with great costs, including physical and mental health deterioration, plus the amount of time spent prepping before game day. Which can pose several questions, “Why suffer for a game, is it worth the money? Is it worth the fame? How great is the cost?” I believe that football, should have stricter regulations for the treatment of injuries, along with informing players of just how devastating a concussion can be, along with the other major injuries that commonly occur while playing football.
Playing football comes with several risks factors that players’ acknowledge prior to playing the game starting a young age. Regardless, these players still chose to play the game, which they end up loving and cherishing despite all the risks accompanied with it. Football is one of the toughest sports in the world; it takes a certain amount of strength, speed, and aggressiveness to play 48 minutes of hard-nosed football. However, the National Football League (NFL) is in the midst of a controversial issue. Is the NFL getting soft? This has been a debatable issue for several years. While some believe that implementing all these rules in the NFL is progressively turning the game soft, others say that the NFL is not getting soft; it is just trying to make the game safer for its players.
Right now in America, the world of sports is constantly changing and growing to make the sport safer and fairer. People want sports to be as exciting and thrilling as before, but without the human error that may turn some baseball fans away. Along with this fear, people also want every sport to be as fair as possible, and by doing this most sports have incorporated an instant replay rule. This spring will be the first time that the review rule will be in effect, it is a radical decision and game changing because baseballs history is so rich and its structure has not been changed in so long. These changes are not without skepticism though because people believe that the game has been so successful and that being “fair” was not the biggest priority of the game.
Cherry, E., Sealey, D., & Mangialardi, L. (1991). Understanding the risks. Journal of Sport Management, 5(2), 198.
In regards to referees calling the games inconsistently, they pledged to do their best to try and stay consistent. We can’t totally blame the referees because they have to throw the flag for what they see, but the foul is reviewable and can be overturned. It would help them out tremendously if players did not lead with their heads. They don 't want to call the penalties but they definitely will if they have to. They are just trying to do their part and help keep the game
Even though football players are aware of the dangers the game can bring upon them, they take part despite it. The passion, the joy it creates; for professionals it’s also the devoted fans and compensation they receive is what keeps the players motivated. Today players are much bigger, faster, smarter, bigger, better. The game is more physical. The sport has never been so competitive. The popularity has reached new peaks, as much that the NFL has thoughts of moving a team to London, England. Additionally, Super Bowl XLVII (47) was one of the most watched television events of all time; an astonishing 108.4 million viewers (The Associated Press). Fans worship their teams and love to see big hits. Football is a contact sport; injuries are no doubtingly part of it. Concussions are one of the many detriments caused by the ruthlessness, but one of the few with perpetual effects: consequence of the brutality.
Not only do sports offer many opportunities, but they also create an “illusion of innocence.” On the field, the players are the stars of the show. They are the best. They are the role models. They are innocent. All the spectators look at these players as if they are superheroes when they are
athletes negatively present off of the playing field. As athletes train to become more aggressive,
Everyone feels the need to belong. Some people find the answer to fulfill that need in sports. In the United States, the go-to sport is football. Following one’s hometown team or childhood NFL team through the regular season, playoffs, and hopefully, the Super Bowl has become a staple for today’s culture. Whether or not their favorite team makes it to the big Super Bowl game, they still find themselves cheering on one of the teams competing. T...
Physicality and sports have been synonymous with each other ever since the beginning. All sports leagues of various skill levels must straddle the fine line between what is acceptable within the game and what is pushing the limits. This is especially true for full contact sports, such as; American football, boxing, and ice hockey. Deliberately or incidentally, the physicality of the sport is an integral part of the game. These unique sports are in the crosshairs of the rules, regulations, and policies of the given sport and are at the mercy of civil laws as well. This brings up tort law, in which someone unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm resulting in legal liability for the person who commits the tortious act. Within this paper, I will cover past, present, and potential future issues regarding tort law in the professional sports industry. This information is valuable because many people believe that sport administrators are powerless when it comes to these sorts of problems, and that the judicial system needs to intervene. If it is not up to the sport administrators running and working for these leagues then who is responsible for finding solutions to problems? Or making the game a safe and fun activity for future generations to enjoy? Furthermore, recent lawsuits surrounding head injuries in the National Football League (NFL) and the National Hockey League (NHL) have stem from the alleged negligence of the individuals leagues. These issues can potentially change the way we see and play American football and ice hockey forevermore.
In conclusion, football and soccer have their similarities, but these similarities are superficial. There are many fundamental differences, such as the use of one’s hands being illegal in soccer, except for the goalie when he/she is inside his/her respective eighteen-yard boundary. Another example is the alternation of a team’s offense and defense in football as opposed to the simultaneous effort of the offense and defense in soccer. These differences in rules, rituals, and concepts distinguish these two sports from each other. However, there are similarities, such as the fact that both sports allow eleven players on each team to play on the field at a time. Also, the area where one scores is in the same locations in both sports, the end zones of football and the goals of soccer are on opposite sides of the field.
One of the biggest fears for a MLB player is to injure a fan as a result of one of their foul balls. Justin Verlander, pitcher for the Detroit Tigers, was asked the question about fan safety he said “It seems like something happens once a game, where a ball just misses a fan, inevitably, it’s always small kids or a woman that you know. It’s something that needs to be looked at, hopefully before someone’s life gets taken”. Fans and players alike are concerned for the overall wellbeing of the fans. The National Hockey League (NHL) had the same problem 20 years ago where pucks would fly up in the crowd striking and injuring fans.. The NHL was not concerned about he dangers until March 20, 2002 when sadly a puck went flying into the stands striking a 13-year-old girl and killed her. Immediately after this incident, the NHL made every hockey rink have safety netting up at both ends of the ice rink. Since then, there have been no incidences of fans being struck by pucks. The MLB needs to take a stand before someone’s life is
One reason that football is not dangerous, is because there is a lack of sufficient data. When going through the process of an experiment, the conductor of the experiment needs to make sure that the process is as controlled as it can be. Looking at the cases that are used against football, show that “most of the cases considered,
College basketball games provide a unique experience, because in contrast to the division of high school games, the college basketball experience is full of unity. Both the adults and students lead and participate in cheers and chants to rattle the opposing team. Unlike at the high school level, the parents and students know they can impact the game with their crowd noise. While the student section stands the whole game, the adults and parents in the arena also stand and make noise in crucial moments of the game. Almost always, the entire arena is coated in the same color scheme, with both parents and adults participating in the theme of the game. School pride flows strongly through the veins of those in attendance, often leading to outbursts of shouts and curse words directed at both teams echoing through the crowd. With college games being played in arenas with great capacities, dwarfing those compact gyms of the high school level, the noise level is at times deafening. This noise and environment tends to keep smaller kids and elderly adults away from college games. As a result, the college basketball experience is shared with more younger to middle aged men and women. The college basketball experience is perfect for those who want to feel an adrenaline rush and be involved in the crowd and game when going to a basketball
Researchers have long been interested in studying the characteristics, habits and overall health of sports fans. They've studied alcohol consumption, testosterone levels, and even cardiac arrest rates after a Super Bowl game. Daniel L.Wann, a psychology professor who is cited in plenty of artic...