Heart of Darkness follows protagonist Charlie Marlow, a riverboat captain, as he relays the story of his time in the Congo to a group of men sitting around a camp fire. Marlow’s story revolves around his journey down the Congo River during the 1890s, and everything he experienced while there. The New Historicism lens lends itself particularly well to this text because of the various elements visible in it that were impacted by historical events. The economic, political, and social conditions of the Belgian Congo in the 1890s influenced the themes, characters, and narrative of the text, Heart of Darkness. Through these aspects of the time period reflected in the text, Conrad criticizes European Colonialism. The New Historicism Lens aims to …show more content…
In the 1890s, King Leopold was in control of the Congo, and claimed to have a humanitarian, civilizing plan for the people of the Congo, but instead used the control he had over the country for his own personal gain. By exploiting the Congolese people, he was able to collect ivory and rubber, which were then sent to Europe to be sold for profit. The rest of the world was unaware of this brutality at the time it was happening, and remained so until 1908, due to the secrecy of Leopold and the Belgian government. (“Leopold II, King”) In order to find out what was really going on in the Congo, a deeper look was needed. In the same way, readers of Heart of Darkness must look deeper into the text to find the real meaning. This text is told by an unnamed narrator, who is listening to Marlow tell his story of the time he spent in the Belgian Congo. The central story is not right on the surface, and must be found by looking further into the text. The reader has to take a few steps into the story in order to see what was happening. Working as a parallel to the deception of colonialism, this type of narrative shows the effects of the political aspects of the 1890s in the Congo. The narrative of Heart of Darkness was also used by Conrad to criticize King Leopold’s actions. Leopold put up a front to the rest of world, saying he had a great goal for the Congo, while …show more content…
Kurtz, who is the embodiment of Colonialism in the Congo. On the surface, Kurtz is a man who came to Africa to work for “The Company” and to help civilize the Congolese people; He was even asked by the International Society for the Suppression of Savage Customs to write a report to help them with their future plans. This report was described by Marlow as amazing, but also that “‘There were no practical hints to interrupt the magic current of phrases, unless a kind of note at the foot of the last page...may be regarded as the exposition of a method. It was very simple and at the end of that moving appeal to every altruistic sentiment it blazed at you luminous and terrifying like a flash of lightning in a serene sky: ‘Exterminate all the brutes!’’” (Conrad 50) The last 4 words of this quote show Kurtz’s real goal in Africa - not to civilize or help the natives, but to get rid of them. In history, this is what King Leopold claimed to do (to help), but actually did (want to kill them off) as well. Additionally, Kurtz’s heritage parallels him to Belgian Colonialism. He is half English and half French, similar to how Belgium is right next to France and very close to England. The last connection between Kurtz and Belgian Colonialism is Kurtz’s deception in his job as an ivory collector. He is said, by his superiors, to be one of the best collectors for the entire company, an
Imperialism has been a constant oppressive force upon societies dating back hundreds of years. Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, illustrates this oppression by providing an instance of its occurrence in the Congo of Africa, while simultaneously setting the stage for The Poisonwood Bible, which is essentially the continuation of the story. The Poisonwood Bible, by Barbara Kingsolver, demonstrates how the Congo is still affected by modern circumstances and ideology. Conrad’s novella acts as a sort of precursor to the events later depicted in Kingsolver’s novel, and this very connection between the stories illustrates the perpetual oppression of imperialism. This oppression is shown through the characterization of the pivotal characters of each respective text.
In Heart of Darkness, cultural identity and the dominance of the European, white male is constructed and asserted through the constructions of the "other", that is the African natives and females, largely through language and setting. Thus, while claims of Conrad's forwardness in producing a text that critiques colonialism may be valid, Heart of Darkness is ultimately a product of it's time and therefore confirms the contextual notions of difference.
In the present era of decolonization, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness presents one of fictions strongest accounts of British imperialism. Conrad’s attitude towards imperialism and race has been the subject of much literary and historical debate. Many literary critics view Conrad as accepting blindly the arrogant attitude of the white male European and condemn Conrad to be a racist and imperialists. The other side vehemently defends Conrad, perceiving the novel to be an attack on imperialism and the colonial experience. Understanding the two viewpoints side by side provides a unique understanding that leads to a commonality that both share; the novel simply presents a criticism of colonialists in Africa. The novel merely portrays a fictional account of British imperialism in the African jungle, where fiction offers maximum entertainment it lacks in focus. The novel is not a critique of European colonialism and imperialism, but rather a presentation of colonialism and the theme of darkness throughout the novel sheds a negative light on the selfishness of humanity and the system that was taking advantage of the native peoples. In Joseph Conrad’s novel, Heart of Darkness, Conrad presents a criticism of British imperial colonization not for the purpose of taking sides, but with aims of bettering the system that was in place during Conrad’s experience in the African Congo. Conrad uses the character of Marlow and his original justification of imperialism so long as it was efficient and unselfish that was later transformed when the reality of colonialism displayed the selfishness of man, to show that colonialism throughout history displaces the needs of the mother country over the colonized peoples and is thus always selfish.
Heart of Darkness ?gHeart of Darkness?h, written by Joseph Conrad, holds thematically a wide range of references to problems of politics, morality and social order. It was written in a period when European exploitation of Africa was at a gruesome height. Conrad uses double oblique narration. A flame narrator reports the story as told by Marlow, assigned to the command of a river steamboat scheduled to transport an exploring expedition. Kurtz is a first-agent at an important trading post of ivory, located in the interior of the Congo. Both Marlow and Kertz found the reality through their work in Africa. Marlow felt great indignation with people in the sepulchral city after his journey to the Congo region because he discovered, through his work, the reality of the universe, such as the great virtue of efficiency, the darkness in society and individuals and the surface reality. When Kurtz found himself on his deathbed and he said ?gThe horror, The horror referring to his life in inner Africa, which caused him disintegration. Marlow emphasized the virtue of ?gefficiency?h throughout the story because he thought of it as the only way to survive in the wilderness. After seeing the dying natives in the forest of the outer station, Marlow described them as ?ginefficient.?h Under ?gthe devotion to efficiency,?h incompetent people were excluded from society. Only efficient people can survive. For example, since Kurtz was the most efficient agent, with regards to producing ivory, his employers respected his achievement and regarded him as an essential person.
Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad is a novella that tells the story about a group of young man that sail up Congo River in search of a man named Kurtz. As they head up the river they encounter many cruel acts such as ambushes, attacks with fire arrows, and a mass killing where Kurtz has been staying. Kurtz is said to be a man with great abilities but is believed to have gone mad. When Marlow has to wait to head up river his curiosity about Kurtz grows. The men set off up the Congo on a steam boat with Marlow as the captain. Conrad uses many literary works to help convey what the men went through, some of the one he used was irony, juxtaposition, symbolism.
Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad is a novel about a man named Marlow and his journey into the depths of the African Congo. Marlow is in search of a man named Kurtz, an ivory trader. Though Marlow?s physical journey seems rather simple, it takes him further into his own heart and soul than into the Congo. The setting, symbols and characters each contain light and dark images, these images shape the central theme of the novel.
"I don't want to bother you much with what happened to me personally,' [Conrad] began, showing in this remark the weakness of many tellers of tales who seem so often unaware of what their audience would most like to hear" (Conrad, 9). Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad's best-known work, has been examined on many bases more than I can possibly list here, but including imperialism, colonialism, and racism. I would reason that all bases of analysis are perfectly acceptable through which to critique Conrad's novella, or any piece of writing. I would reason this, were some of these bases mainly, racism not taken to an extreme level. In arguing racism, many critics seem to take Heart of Darkness as Conrad's unwavering view on Africa, Africans, life, or whatever else one may please to take it as. I, therefore, propose that Heart of Darkness be taken for what it truly is: a work of fiction set in late 19th century Europe and Africa.
The novel, Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, is literally about Marlow’s journey into the Belgian Congo, but symbolically about the discovery of his heart and soul during his journey, only to find that it is consumed by darkness. He realizes that the man he admired and respected most, is really demonic and that he may be just like him. He is able to come to this realization however, before it takes the best of him.
Civilization is not as advanced as first assumed. Joseph Conrad asserts this disheartening message in his novel, Heart of Darkness. The novel follows a European man reliving his journey to the Congo through story telling to his shipmates. Through Marlow’s journey, Conrad reveals the stark contrasts between European civilization and African savagery. Heart of Darkness explores the struggles of different societies with an intention to expose the weaknesses of a complicated imperialistic ideal.
Heart of Darkness is told by Marlow, a contemplative sailor. Marlow begins his journey up the Congo River to meet Kurtz, a presumed prestigious leader. He is offered a job by the European government to work as a riverboat captain along the Congo River, watching over the waterways trade. Along the way, Marlow comes across many run down stations with hundreds of native slaves. The native people of the region have been forced to work, against their will, in the government bases. “The cruelty and squalor of imperial enterprise contrasts sharply with the impassive and majestic jungle that surrounds the white man’s settlements, making them appear to be tiny islands amidst a vast darkness.” (Spark, 2014) Marlow eventually arrives at the Central Station, where he meets many contemptible characters. He experiences many suspicious incidences including the sinking of his ship and hearing rumors of the infamous Kurtz. Kurtz is rumored to ...
"Heart of Darkness , which follows closely the actual events of Conrad's Congo journey, tells of the narrator's fascination by a mysterious white man, Kurtz, who, by his eloquence and hypnotic personality, dominates the brutal tribesmen around him. Full of contempt for the greedy traders who exploit the natives, the narrator cannot deny the power of this figure of evil who calls forth from him something approaching reluctant loyalty."[1]
Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" is, as Edward Said says, a story about European "acts of imperial mastery" (1503)-its methods, and the effects it has on human nature-and it is presumable that Conrad incorporates much of his own experience in the Congo and his opinions about imperialism into the story, as another recent critic also suggests: "he seems to approve of Marlow," the narrator (Achebe 1492). These revelations of the author are conveyed to the reader through Marlow's observations, descriptions, reactions, and statements. While "Heart of Darkness" is at times very critical of European imperialism, that criticism for the most part is directed at the false idealistic claims made about the enterprise and the inefficient and savage methods employed by the Belgians; the book does not question imperialism when undertaken competently, particularly by the British.
Heart of Darkness is a novella that is one story being told by Marlow within the actual story by Joseph Conrad. The novella is set on a boat, the Nellie, on the Thames river in England, but the story that Marlow tells is set in the Belgian Congo. When relating the theme of this novella to the setting it has to be looked at from both the Thames and Congo rivers. Heart of Darkness shows the superiority of whites over blacks in a context where the blacks are considered to be savages and whites are supposed to be civilized.
Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad is very clearly critical of imperialism. This is abundantly evident from the first pages, to the last, and everywhere in between. Marlow’s begins the journey as naive as the rest of Europe in his time, but is shocked by the horrors of colonialism. Conrad gives the reader a very negative view of imperialism through the setting, and actions of his characters. However, he is not entirely sympathetic of the African people, as he tends to dehumanize them throughout the novella.
Heart of Darkness is a story full of irony and deception. At one point, Conrad made a very interesting point. He suggested that the light is used to indicate deceit in Heart of Darkness. Conrad uses the character of Marlow to make use of his own thoughts and views about the people in the Congo. He feels pity for them as he sees them falling down carrying heavy packages and Kurtz commanding them like a battalion of troops.