“Knowledge about one’s own sex and the sex of others may influence behavior” (Campbell, 8). Some scientist have concluded that children begin to “categorize themselves and objects and characteristics to girl or boy within their first 24 months of life” (Freeman, 357). This is when the child will start distinguishing what is similar or different from them and the concept of “‘mine’ and ‘not yours’” comes into play (Levine, 456). After this has developed, toddlers will begin to expand their gender-specific play preferences within the first 36 months of their lives. This shows that a complicated and fully developed mind is not necessary to obtain an understanding of the social structure of one’s society. “Both gender identity and sex differences in behavior broadly emerge in the first three to four years of life” (Campbell, 1). This means that by age three, children already have already confined themselves to the limited and rigid restrictions of their gender. The effects manifest in various ways depending on the child.
We may be personally responsible for our own misconceptions of gender and masculinity. Our actions about these topics speak louder than words. Sociologist, Ann Oakley argues that parents often mold their children around certain behaviors, with positive and negative consequences, to adhere to the standards that are socially acceptable. Oddly there is a strong back lash to this sort of treatment in females. In a study done conducted by Michael Messner, when asked who was a tomboy and who was a sissy as children, women raised their hands more often to identify with the tomboy image. The tomboy trait celebrates masculinity and restricts femininity. Often children explore many traits about themselves, as Allen explained to Pascoe, “When you’re younger…you’re a kid. You are wide open…You just do what you want” (Pascoe 118). Darnell, a football player, stated “Since you were little boys you’ve been told, ‘hey don’t be a little faggot’” (p 55). Darnell showcasing that males are conditioned very early like females about their roles of masculinity. These children are taught about how masculinity works. In the school Pascoe researched, a faculty member, Mr. Ford, reminded males students through his reply to a backhanded comment made to him from another student that men should engage in sexual actives with women, not men. Another...
In fact, gender socialization appears very early in childhood, and it is generally regarded as one of the most related issues in early childhood. (Early Childhood, 2007) Children learn the differences between boys and girls by the environment they are exposed to, and the ideas are reinforced mainly by family, education, peer groups, and the mass media.
Femininity and masculinity are topics that have been debated over in our society extensively, through psychological research and day to day interaction with people. Children learn from their parents as well as society the concept of “feminine” and “masculine.” The majority of people tend to believe that these conceptions are biological but I believe it is more cultural. From birth, female children are shaped by society as being sweet, caring, loving, and delicate and usually associated with the color pink. While male children are shaped by being tough, aggressive, and competitive and associated with the color blue. As these children grow, the boy is given a football to play with and the girl a Barbie. All of these aspects illustrate how gender socialization takes place early in children’s lives and how society has made it a norm to accept these stereotypes.
A representation of Peyton’s behavior and thinking that is associated with the ordinary American gender performance, in regard to socialization was demonstrated in Peyton’s adamant attitude towards women occupations careers, such as being a police officer or firefighter. Peyton’s friends have exposed her to their personal perceptions of gender roles, affirming that the boys should not engage in activities consisting of dress up or dolls with the girls. Peyton’s attitude is fixed, due to the gender-stereo values and behaviors demonstrated by her peers and community. Gender typing indicates to any affiliation pertaining to objects, activities, roles, or traits with one sex or the other, in ways that accommodate to cultural stereotypes (Berk, 2010:211). During childhood, children’s stereotypes characteristics increase so profoundly that many children administer them as a regulation rather than an adjustable instruction (Berk, 2010:211).
Emily Kane begins her book, The Gender Trap, with a flash back on her attempt at gender-neutral parenting in the midst of “traps” that make this effort frightening: our societal world is arranged to focus on the differences amongst girls and boys, as Kane saw in such ordinary experiences as the narrow selection of “princess” or “cowboy” themes when shopping for children's apparel. Kane also observed some of the everyday consequences of gender-unbiased parenting in, for example, the social rejection her son faced as a result of not having the toys unofficially necessary for playing with the other boys at his preschool. The rest of Emily Kane's book explores this “gender trap”—“a set of expectations and structures that inhibit social change and stall many parents' best intentions for loosening the limits that gender can impose on us”, in a social scientific manner.
Boys are encouraged to be tough, and competition is also supported. While girls who demonstrate competitive or bold personality characteristics are often labeled as “bossy” or “pushy”. Children construct their own gender identity through their family, but also through school interactions and the consumption of media. “An update of the classic Weitzman study found that although the majority of female characters were portrayed as dependent and submissive, male characters were commonly portrayed as being independent and creative” (Eitzen et al. 2012:246). The impact of this gender inequality goes way further than just childhood play. When male and female stereotypes are deep rooted and taught so early, it is easy to see the connection between that type of socialization and the misrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering, mathematics and politics. In “The Egg and the Sperm” Martin argues that even male and female reproductive processes are constructed using gendered stereotypes. The egg is described femininely and seen as passive, and the sperm is portrayed as active, behaving very masculine (Ferber, Holcomb, and Wentling 2013). The use of language perpetuates gendered stereotypes and normalizes the higher status of one gender over the
A Perfectly Imperfect Decision
Gender socialization, the process by which one is taught the expected behavior assigned to them because of their sex, despite being critiqued as ‘natural’, are influenced through many different agents. Parents, the first and most prominent agents in this process, began this socialization from birth. Everything from the color choices of clothes, toys, and even level of intimacy displayed for girls over boys, all attest to these notions. Emma Jean Peace, rebels against these ‘normality’s’ after the birth of her seventh child Perfect, who Emma Jean decides to secretly raise as a girl despite being born a boy. If parents have the right to instill, teach and raise their child based on their own personal convictions
In order to fully comprehend the how gender stereotypes perpetuate children’s toys, one must understand gender socialization. According to Santrock, the term gender refers to the, “characteristics of people as males and females” (p.163). An individual is certainly not brought into the world with pre-existing knowledge of the world. However, what is certain is the belief that the individual has regarding him- or herself and life stems from socialization—the development of gender through social mechanisms. For instance, when a baby is brought into this world, his or her first encounter to gender socialization arises when the nurse places a blue or pink cap on the baby’s head. This act symbolizes the gender of the baby, whether it is a boy (blue cap) or a girl (pink cap). At the age of four, the child becomes acquai...
Guyland
By Jeters42 | Studymode.com
Jens Jeters
3/12/12
Ms. Paez
Soci 101 M/W
“Guyland”
Michael Kimmel investigates “Guyland” where young boys socially interact as “guys”. Michael shows how these young men are stuck between youth and adulthood. As a sociologist at State University of New York of Stony Brook, Michael has perfected his specialty in gender studies. Born in 1951, Michael has published dozens of gender articles and books known in the sociology community.