This dissection is used to teach students about evolution as well as how each part of the body works. In this dissection, students are studying the anatomy of the frogs. The students were not given a direct protocol to follow. Students are given a video to watch and take notes, in order to develop their own protocol. Students are allowed to use and resources given to them. Some students followed this procedure: Identify the external anatomy of these frogs, then pin the frog down dorsal side up, then cut the jaw to see the internals of the frog's mouth, see how the tongues flips, identify both the maxillary teeth as well as the vomerine teeth, put probe in the esophagus, and glottis. Next, identify the tympanum. Next, identify the cloaca and the spine. Next, cut from groins up to mouth just skin. The blade has to be parallel to the skin. After that, identify muscle striations where the muscles go and where they contract. Then cut the muscles. If there is a structure …show more content…
They originally believed that it was part of the genus of Ptychadena, but with further research, the students believed it was Rana pipens. It couldn’t be Ptychadena because they are native to Africa. The students also hypothesized that these frogs were part of the genus of Lithobates. They hypothesized that it was either Lithobates catesbeianus, or Lithobates palustris, or Lithobates blairil or Lithobates forreri. The Lithobates forreri are also called the Rana forreri, either way all these frogs look the same, thus meaning that they came from the same common ancestor. Common ancestor with these frogs were the Leptodactylidae about 57.9 million years ago. This means that were originally very similar and then evolved due to some kind of factor such as environmental change or new predator introduced or predators disappearing or increase or decrease of food supply. This all affects the populations which causes evolution to
The protocol and conceptual overview of these procedures can be found under the header, “Properties of Skeletal Muscle” in NPB 101L Physiology Lab Manual Second Edition (Bautista & Korber, 2009, 9-17). The test subject for this lab was the Northern Leopard frog, whose spinal cord and brain were severed. In order to carry out the experiments, the materials needed were one medium length surgical scissor, two hemostats and glass dissecting probes, a nine and four inch string, a cup of Ringers saline solution with an eyedropper, and a hook electrode. The software used to analyze and record the data is the BIOPAC system. The procedure starts with the preparation of the frog and the set-up of the equipment.
Dissection has one essential as they give students a hand on experience. How can you get a degree to be a veterinarian if you never had a hand on experience? Contrast, you can see things you’ve been curious about. Even though they are trying to learn about animals, it’s still abusing. In an ethical eye, they can quickly absorb the looks and physical appearance of the inside of an innocent animal. On the positive side, it can be for a good cause like if animals could have cancer or they could have a deadly, unknowable, clueless, incurable disease. What if they cut that animal open and the bacteria and disease is released? Therefore, they need to pick a different strategy for dissecting animals in all vet schools.
Cephalopods are known to be exceptionally intelligent by invertebrate standards and in some respects even rival “higher” vertebrates. These animals have many highly evolved sensory and processing organs that allow them to gain a greater understanding of their environment and their place within it. Due to their advanced structures, many of which are analogous to vertebrate structures, and abilities they have been widely studied. Their methods of learning have been of prime interest and many experiments have been conducted to determine the different ways in which octopuses can learn. From these experiments four main kinds of learning have been identified in octopuses: associative learning, special learning,
The frog’s back is usually textured with coarse tubercles. Its fingers are thinly webbed while the hind foot is more developed. Large disks exist on the fingers and toes to assist with climbing and sticking to objects (Dickerson, 1969). The male and female Grey Tree Frogs are very similar. They are distinguished by the male having a dark underside of his throat. Also the females ears are smaller then the males (Dickerson, 1969).
To begin with, the first characteristic that describes Hop Frog is that he is unfortunate of being a fool. One way Hop Frog is unfortunate of being a fool is that he is bullied
Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009. 137-8. Print. Aristophanes. The Frogs.
Mark Twain’s “Celebrated Jumping Frog” he explores the theme deception, manipulation,and changing our appearance to make us look better by lying. He shows this by making deceiving people. The podcast also talks about how we change our appearance by lieing.Thats what I will talk about is how they relate in deceiving and lying and how they are different.
Andreas Vesalius was well known for his dissections in the 1500’s. Growing up in Brussels he was captivated by the anatomy of animals. Throughout his childhood Andreas dissected many small animals trying to uncover life’s mystery. This curiosity regarding anatomy came very naturally, due to the fact that he was born into a family of physicians. Vesalius started his formal education at the University of Louvain; then traveled to Paris to continue his studies in medicine. During his life time, Vesalius was an accomplished physician, and professor of anatomy. He also received his degree as a doctor of medicine at the age of twenty-two. Vesalius writings and teachings set the foundation of anatomy we know today, hence why he received the title; founder of modern anatomy.
Mink Intro – External Anatomy Overview. (n.d.). mreroh.com . Retrieved May 27, 2014, from http://www.mreroh.com/student/apdocs/Dissection/Intro%20-%20External%20Anatomy.pdf
In Labs 22 through 26, my lab partner and I were assigned a fetal pig to perform a dissection on in order to understand anatomy, the study of an organism’s structure1, and physiology, the study of the functions and activities of a living organism2. Throughout these labs, we studied the structure of the fetal pig and performed experiments to understand four system processes: digestion, cardiovascular, respiratory, and excretory. Dissecting an organism, physically moving and seeing the different portions of the organism, especially of a fetal pig, is very important. This helps in the understanding of the skeletal structure and what series of physical and chemical processes the mammalian species body performs in order to survive.
Frogs are amphibians in the order Anura. The order Anura is broken down into 22 different families of frogs and toads. Although they belong to the same order, frogs and toads are different in a lot of ways. Some of the more distinct differences are their skin and where they live. Frogs usually have smooth moist skin and toads usually have dry watery looking skin. Frogs spend most of their lives in or near water and toads spend more time on land. Amphibian means "double life." Frogs and toads each have two parts to their lives: when they live on water and when they live land. A frog's life starts in the water when it is hatched from an egg as a tadpole. A tadpole looks very different from an adult frog. A tadpole has a tail, no limbs, and breathes through gills. After a while the tadpole goes through metamorphosis. During the change the frog grows limbs, the tail disappears, it uses lungs to breathe, and it doesn't have to live in water anymore. As a tadpole, the frog feeds mostly on vegetation. The tadpoles have a small rasping mouth suited especially for scraping algea from the bottom of ponds. Depending on the species, it can take a few weeks to a year or more for the tadpoles to become fully grown. Not all frogs hatch as tadpoles. Some species of frogs hatch as froglets. Froglets look just like adult frogs but are a lot smaller. Froglets don't go through a metamophosis. Most species that hatch as froglets are found in dry places. Frogs who live in dry places where rains are seasonal have to grow up quickly because a tadpole will die if their temporary pond dries up. Adult frogs can live in water or on land, but it always needs to be near water so its respiratory organs don't dry out.
Frogs live on every continent except Antarctica, but tropical regions have the largest amount. Like all amphibians, frogs spend half their lives near water because they must return to the water to lay their eggs. Frogs live underwater mostly when the are growing up to be an adult frog and when they are laying their eggs. When they hatch under water they are tadpoles and the breath with gills and swim using a tail. As they mature they loose their tail and they develop to be able to breathe air. During an extensive period of heat, a drought, frogs can enter a period of damancy similar to hibernation called starvation. Most of the frogs live in tropical and semitropical regions, most species of frogs breed in the spring or in early summer. Although the different species my vary in size and color, mostly all frogs have basic body structure. They have large hind legs, short front legs and flat head and body with no neck.
The first step was to obtain the White Rat and to tie it in the supine position, anterior surface facing up in side the dissection pan. To tie the animal, we used butcher’s twine and secured the front and hinds legs using a “lasso” technique, careful not touch the sharp claws. To make the first insicion I had to locate the Xifoid Process of the rat (distal aspect of the sternum). Once I had located the Xifoid Process, I had to use forceps to pull the skin of the animal’s abdomen up and use the scissors to cut. The first incision is made from stem to sternum, cutting through the errectos abdomen muscle down to the groin. The second incision ion is perpendicular to the first below the diaphragm. Because of this technique we were able to open the abdominal cavity first. The third and forth incisions were made bilaterally above the legs. The last two incisions were made in upside down “V” shape on the collarbone, to expose the thoracic cavity. This dissection was both sharp, because of the use of the scissors and scapel and blunt because of the use of the probe and forceps to move organs and skin to expose other organs not yet identified.
Many scientists were fascinated by the creatures that seemed to disappear from the forests of Queensland every year and during this time were thought to be hibernating. Although before they had a chance to study them in further detail the frogs became extinct.
The history of anatomy and physiology dates back to ancient Egyptian times when humans were mummified after death and bodies would be stripped of their internal organs during the embalming process. It was not until much later when Hippocrates II, known as the father of medicine, was the first to write about human anatomy. Shortly after that, the Alexandrian Medical School was established, where human dissection was allowed for the first time, which promoted research and new discoveries in the field. From there, many other influential researchers came up with theories regarding the cardiovascular and nervous systems, etc; however, the missing links in some of the earlier theories was found with the discovery of the microscope, which changed the focus of research and led to many advancements in the field. As previously mentioned, Hippocrates II (460 – 370 B.C.) was known as the father of medicine and although human dissection was forbidden because of religious beliefs, he dissected animals and studied the anatomy of bones.