There is considerable evidence to suggest that Western Europe has experienced an upsurge of far-right extremism such as Front nationale in France, Vlaams Belang in Belgium, the Danish Peoples Party in Denmark and the British National Party in the UK. Consequently, they often advocate nationalistic traits (e.g. Almeida, 2012, p137) as part of their ideology and reinforce this through the manipulation of racial discrimination whereby they create the ‘other’ in society for them to attack for their failings as a country. It has been argued elsewhere (Fennema, 1997; Van der Brug, Fennema and Tillie, 2005) that such parties would be better off branded as ‘anti-immigration’ because of their common approach on blaming the ‘other.’ In particular, the British National Party (BNP) claims to pursuit white supremacy as opposed to multiculturalism as evidently outlined in their 2010 manifesto. Research shows that BNP’s rise in electoral votes to 1.9% in 2010 has become significant in British politics which could initiate a danger towards the British citizens. This is a topic that is currently the subject of much research and debate around Europe, where in many countries there has been majority support for far-right extremists. So why do people vote for and support these parties? Is it simply a reaction to immigration or an expression of deep-seated racial prejudice? I examine the support for the British National Party as to why people may have positive feelings towards the BNP by using UK data to test the phenomenon which Western Europe would probably agree as compelling evidence that racist affiliation to be the main explanation of maintaining British sovereignty. Other factors are underlined on voting for far-right parties especially around... ... middle of paper ... ...ying racial inequality where they can use ethnic minorities as a tool in order to gain votes. The data file used is a condensed version of the 2010 British Election Study. The survey contains data on approx 3000 individuals, and is representative of the British adult population however the main focus is on the support for the British far right political party, the British National Party (BNP). This variable is measured on a 0-10 scale, where 0 refers to strongly dislike the BNP and 10 refers to strongly like the BNP. We will treat this as an interval level variable which makes OLS Regression the appropriate method of analysis. The condensed dataset contains variables related to a number of different potential explanations for why people might like the BNP. However my independent variable will refer to ethnic groups (racist appeal) such as Blacks, Asians and Whites.
My topic is Neo-Nazism in America. Nazism, which is the body of political and economic doctrines held and put into effect by the National Socialist German Workers' party in the Third German Reich is at its highest peak since the destruction of Hitler's dictatorship in 1945. In the streets, Nazis are spreading fear by using murderous violence and terror. This group blames the cultural and ethnic minorities for the problems in our society. These individuals, and their political leaders, are a threat to our democracy, and to everything that is decent.
The American Neo-Nazi movement started in the streets in the middle 1980's, in the U.S. The movement is an act to keep alive the beliefs and actions of Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Regime. Believers and activist in the movement are known as Skinhead, or "Skins." Some are dresses like a lot like the original British movement, which was started by some rough looking teenagers in combat boots hanging out on the streets. The average Skinhead, wears combat boots or Doc Martens, thin red suspenders, and a bomber jacket. The hair is completely shaven or closely cut to the head. The Skins wear many symbols supporting the movement, such as, swastikas supremacy slogans, and other white power emblems or tattoos. Neo-Nazis believe that to be white is to be right. That the Aryan race, the whites, are the pure race and that there should be no other ethnic groups or races. Homosexuals, Jews, Hispanics and Afro-Americans are the main targets for this organization. But there are others. Any minority is the enemy of a true Skin. They wish to attract only those people who are willing to fight and sacrifice for something greater and more meaningful than themselves...The White People as a race. The members usually range from 13 to 25 years old. These groups have been responsible for more than 45 deaths of minorities. American groups that are included in the Neo-Nazi movement are: The KKK, The American Nazi Party, National Alliance, Christian Identity, And The World Church ...
Is it “easier” to write a fascist credo than an anti-fascist credo? Why or why not?
The Past and Present Treatment of Ethnic Minorities in Britain For this assigment I will be looking at the past and present
Due to the EU’s apparent unpopularity, Politicians can find it difficult to show any enthusiasm as it could prove to be a disadvantage in an election. Jones et al, (2006, p.803) believe that people’s opinion on the EU is very important, and one which politicians take notice of, they state “UK public opinion on European issues has to be taken account of. The difficulty is that many members of the public regard the EU as remote until some threat to the British life is perceived, such as the abolition of the pound if the government were to join EMU.”
In Europe, for example, extreme-right parties are gaining supporters all over the mainland. In the old continent, leaders of nationalist parties have described themselves as the protectors of a welfare state that is allegedly under attack from immigration policies defended by liberals. Recently, far-conservative groups have rose severely as nations that were almost completely white and Christian in the past, received a mass influx of Muslim refugees from North Africa and the Middle East. Also, the situation worsened due to the economic insecurity caused by the euro financial crisis, as the left-parties
Balibar argued that the superiority filling with the new racism, appear ‘in the very type of criteria applied in thinking the difference between cultures’. Even if it indicate itself egalitarian but separatist. People who come from outside of the Europe is seen as contributing to the separatist. The ‘new racism’’s legacy is the cultural frame is still placing at the majority of the language and politics of the mainstream and extreme right in Europe. Italy did a lot to protect its cultural integrity when migrants bought the cultures from the South and outside the EU since 1990s onward. It focuses on African and Eastern European immigrants, the discourse is related to citizenship, immigration legislation and suggestions for putting immigrants together. In Europe, Australia and North America these political and social tensions have seems to be focus on two main aspects of issues. Firstly, in welfare systems aspect, the asylum and refugee groups and undercover or undocumented persons might bring perceived effect on social
Harris, Colin. "Why Do We Fear Others Who Are Not Like Us?” Ethnics Daily, 20 June
To sum up, the statistics speak for themselves and the Britain’s fear of becoming an Islamic state is definitely not far-fetched. There is no doubt that the number of the Muslims
Schneider, C. J. (2007). Enlargement Processes and Distributional Conflicts: The Politics of Discriminatory Membership in the European Union. Public Choice, 132(1/2), 85-102.
.... According to Pippa Norris, an individual's degree of nationalism is constructed in a young age and it is based on “the international context of the time “(stone and Muir, 2007:5), for example, citizens who were born in the 1940s in the time of the World War II will have a stronger sense of Britishness than the ones born in the time of globalization and conflicts over the EU. The younger generations identify less with Britain than their parents or grandparents. The Home Office Citizenship Survey consider age to be the most powerful driver of “belonging to Britain” and the survey show that people over 75 years old feel the strongest identification with Britain (Heath and Roberts, 2008). If the same trend of a weak national allegiance among younger generations remains in the upcoming years, the British national identity will sure be weakened (Stone and Muir, 2007).
To fully understand the effects of race on public opinion, one must first define several components of race and racism. First, prejudice refers to some negative attitude against a group to which one does not think that he/she belongs. Second, out-group opinions are those opinions that one group has against members of another group to which the former does not belong. Last, an in-group attachment describes how strongly one identifies with a given group. This attachment can transcend identity into consciousness, the belief that one’s group is being treated poorly and that group should work together to gain more of what it believes it deserves. Keeping all of these definitions in mind is critical to deciphering the impact of race on public opinion.
George, S. and Bache, I. 2001.Politics In the European Union. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Nationalism is the idea that a people who have much in common, such as language, culture and geographic proximity ought to organize in such a way that it creates a stable and enduring state. Nationalism is tied to patriotism, and it is the driving force behind the identity of a culture. Nationalism had many effects in Europe from 1815, The Congress of Vienna and beyond. In the following essay I will describe many of the consequences of nationalism on European identity, as well as some of the conflicts that it created.
Britain is and always has been a mixed race society. Gradually over the years, millions of people all over the world arrive either through past invasion or come as an immigrant to escape their own country’s famine, persecution and seeking for better economic opportunities in the UK (Zafra, 2007). The history of immigration and invasion has produced today’s diverse community. However, for the past few years, there has been a dispute concerning whether multiculturalism has obstruct the goal of attaining a peaceful community and instead causing extremism in the UK. According to Michelle Wilkinson (2011), this is resulted by the notion that multiculturalism promotes segregation and different groups having different beliefs leading to heavy tension and radicalization. On the other hand, multiculturalism has also been praised for advancing equality and social recognition (Caroline Howarth & Eleni Andreouli, 2013). In the light of this controversial issue, both aspect of the pro and cons of Multiculturalism to the society will be covered in this essay, exploring as a whole whether the ideology of Multiculturalism in enforcing equality has worked in Britain or not.