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Prison disparities among minorities
Prison disparities among minorities
Major causes of mass incarceration
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Racial disparity is highly controversial in all areas of our judicial systems starting with the arrest and ending with the imprisonment. Racial and ethnic disparity exists in nearly all of America’s legal systems, despite the progress over the recent years in social and economic status; the numbers still remain high for minorities in our prison system. Is America’s prison system the new housing complex for disadvantaged minorities? The numbers don’t lie when it comes to the studies completed on this issue there are many reason for minorities in prison. We can start with the high percentages of broken/ fatherless homes, lack of role models, the war on drugs, poor education and racial divide by geographical location. I guess the next question …show more content…
If I was standing in a group of educated peers and we were having this discussion, my next question would be “What causes so many minorities to commit crimes?” The many issues of the minority community seem like Pandora’s Box when discussed in certain circles. Many researchers have found that the impact from the high incarceration numbers drastically affect the minority community on levels not seen by the public eye. As we look into how and why this vicious cycle continues to rise and hinder the growth in the minority community, we find that three different aspects are greatly affected family, political, and earning power. “We do not develop habits of genuine love automatically. We learn by watching effective role models – most specifically by observing how our parents express love for each other day in and day out.”– Josh …show more content…
According to Western, he states that “incarceration has its most corrosive effects on families” I see this to be very true based of the generational influence from parents, siblings, and close relatives to the next generation of the family. He also feels that incarceration and single parenting coupled with poor education among minority men and women, produces a higher rate of imprisonment among fathers in disadvantaged families. Western was one of the many researchers to look at data to find out how the lack of fathers in homes and communities greatly impacted the families. The fact that these men incarcerated were parents before, during, and after their incarceration has left a visible void in the parenting realm. According to researchers, they estimate that children of prisoners are five times more likely to engage in criminal behavior and or serve jail or prison time than those who never experience the pain of having one of their parents
The majority of our prison population is made up of African Americans of low social and economic classes, who come from low income houses and have low levels of education. The chapter also discusses the amount of money the United States loses yearly due to white collar crime as compared to the cost of violent crime. Another main point was the factors that make it more likely for a poor person to be incarcerated, such as the difficulty they would have in accessing adequate legal counsel and their inability to pay bail. This chapter addresses the inequality of sentencing in regards to race, it supplies us with NCVS data that shows less than one-fourth of assailants are perceived as black even though they are arrested at a much higher rate. In addition to African Americans being more likely to be charged with a crime, they are also more likely to receive harsher punishments for the same crimes- which can be seen in the crack/cocaine disparities. These harsher punishments are also shown in the higher rates of African Americans sentenced to
Racial disparity in the correctional population refers to the difference in the number of minorities versus whites represented inside institutions. “The American Correctional Association acknowledges that racial disparity exists within adult and juvenile detention and correctional systems. This contributes to the perception of unfairness and injustice in the justice system ("ACA Policies and," 2004).” “Blacks comprise 13% of the national population, but 30% of people arrested, 41% of people in jail, and 49% of those in prison. Nationwide, blacks are incarcerated at 8.2 times the rate of whites (Human Rights Watch, 2000).” This difference in proportionality does not necessarily involve direct discrimination; it can be explained by a number of combined factors.
Todd Clear and Dina Rise state in their study that the high incarceration and return rates of specific communities negatively impact the community social network like worsening ties amidst neighbors, reducing income of families, and affecting family formation. Moreover, African- Americans are four times more likely than other Americans to live in poverty (DAvis 1) The Class of Poverty, states that” individuals in high poverty, highly black neighborhoods are the least likely to have access to food pantries, child care, transportation, job training, substance abuse treatment or other, similar social services.” This means that the majority of individuals effected by this are African Americans. People living in high poverty communities are offered less help than low poverty areas that are predominantly white, meaning that the intersection and combined oppression of being both a racial minority and of lower class, leads to a higher probability of falling victim to the industrial prison
This is true not only in the workforce, but in their personal lives as well. They are placed back into fragmented populations, however, this time, it’s much worse. Their communities cannot sustain their emotional unravelling after the disturbing realities of serving time in prison. In the article “The Impact of Mass Incarceration on Poverty” written by Robert DeFina and Lance Hannon, they claim that the impoverished communities of color need the removal of imprisoned individuals for the improvement of local economics. However, the article “The Effects of Mass Incarceration on Communities of Color” claims that it does nothing to help these communities.
Many inequalities exist within the justice system that need to be brought to light and addressed. Statistics show that African American men are arrested more often than females and people of other races. There are some measures that can and need to be taken to reduce the racial disparity in the justice system. Racial disparity in the criminal justice system exists when the proportion of a racial or ethnic group within the control system is higher than the proportion of the group in the general population. The cause of this disparity varies and can include differences in the levels of criminal activity, law enforcements emphasis on particular communities, legislative policies, and/or decision making by one or more persons at some level in the criminal justice system.
Adversaries of governmental policy regarding minorities in society refer to a few purposes behind restricting it (Connors, 2009). Governmental policy regarding minorities in society, they say, is switch separation and, in that capacity, is both unlawful and improper. The general population profiting from governmental policy regarding minorities in society are less qualified than a considerable lot of the whites with whom they seek business and school affirmations. What's more, rivals say, governmental policy regarding minorities in society suggests that the general population profiting from it require additional assistance and in this way are without a doubt less qualified. This suggestion derides the gatherings profiting from governmental policy regarding minorities in society. Accordingly, advocates of governmental policy regarding minorities in society give a few explanations behind favoring it (Connors,
Hobler, B. (2001). The Awakening of Fatherhood: A Program for Incarcerated Men. Journal of Correctional Education , 108-113.
Many Americans pretend that the days of racism are far behind; however it is clear that institutional racism still exists in this country. One way of viewing this institutional racism is looking at our nation’s prison system and how the incarceration rates are skewed towards African American men. The reasons for the incarceration rate disparity are argued and different between races, but history points out and starts to show the reason of why the disparity began. Families and children of the incarcerated are adversely affected due to the discrimination as well as the discrimination against African American students and their likelihood of going to prison compared to the white student. African American women are also affected by the discrimination in the incarceration rate. Many white Americans don’t see how racism affects incarceration rates, and that African Americans are more likely to face discrimination from the police as well as being falsely arrested.
For the past two decades, the criminal justice system in the United States has been undergoing a tremendous expansion. There are now more than one million black men in jail and that one out of every four black males will go on prison in there lifetime. Knowing these statistics it put a burden on the black community because many families are left with single family home, the unemployment rate for black male go up, they can not vote and now they make jail seem like it is fun to go to.
This research essay discusses racial disparities in the sentencing policies and process, which is one of the major factors contributing to the current overrepresentation of minorities in the judicial system, further threatening the African American and Latino communities. This is also evident from the fact that Blacks are almost 7 times more likely to be incarcerated than are Whites (Kartz, 2000). The argument presented in the essay is that how the laws that have been established for sentencing tend to target the people of color more and therefore their chances of ending up on prison are higher than the whites. The essay further goes on to talk about the judges and the prosecutors who due to different factors, tend to make their decisions
The challenges of children who grow up with parents whom were incarcerated at some point in their childhood can have a major effect on their life. The incarceration of parents can at times begin to affect the child even at birth. Now with prison nurseries the impregnated mother can keep her baby during her time in jail. With the loss of their parent the child can begin to develop behavioral problems with being obedient, temper tantrums, and the loss of simple social skills. Never learning to live in a society they are deprived of a normal social life. “The enormous increase incarceration led to a parallel, but far less documented, increase in the proportion of children who grew up with a parent incarcerated during their childhood” (Johnson 2007). This means the consequences of the children of the incarcerated parents receive no attention from the media, or academic research. The academic research done in this paper is to strengthen the research already worked by many other people. The impact of the parent’s incarceration on these children can at times be both positive and negative. The incarceration of a parent can be the upshot to the change of child’s everyday life, behavioral problems, and depriving them a normal social life.
African Americans are incarcerated at nearly six times the rate of whites, it is projected that one in every three African Americans born are expected to go to prison. The consequences for black men have radiated out to their families. By 2000, more than 1 million black children had a father in jail or prison"(Coates pg.2). Men going to prison at such high rates has left many women to fend for themselves.
There is a plethora of data within the last 10-15 years that repeatedly show family, friends, and entire communities or neighborhoods being drastically affected by the consequences of mass incarceration as well. The data focus primarily on the effects on the partners, children, families, friends, and caregivers of those incarcerated; particularly the economic, emotional, and personal relationships between incarcerated individuals and those the data also
In addition to improving chances of successful reentry, maintaining contact with family during incarceration has been shown to significantly reduce chances of recidivism. The separation caused by incarceration as well as the barriers to sustaining meaningful contact while incarcerated have been shown to impede reentry and create profound challenges to family stability. Parental incarceration increases the risk of children living in poverty or experiencing household instability, independent of any other factors present in a young person’s life. The impacts of incarceration on economic stability, health, education, and well-being also disproportionately affect young people who live in communities devastated by decades of unjust criminal justice policies that have had strong intergenerational impacts. Parental incarceration often displaces children, leaving other family or community members as the primary support system for these children, or pushing children into foster care or unstable
In 2007, 52 percent of prisoners were parents in the United States which is a big number. A lot of people like to call the black men that have been incarcerated the missing fathers. Incarceration can lead to extreme financial distress for the entire family with harsh implications for children. So children with imprisoned parents also do worse in school an important indicator of economic mobility. I believe that it has become a cycle where if the children who become fatherless because they have no one too look up too. And most of the time the other parent is working alot to keep up with the finances. So usually the children have no one to look up too so must of the time children end up doing things that they know thats not safe. And sometimes the children end up going in to crime and going to jail. Sometimes when theres not a strong family home the children don't know what to do