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Microbiology paper on west nile virus
Microbiology paper on west nile virus
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Stopping The West Nile Virus
In 2002 the West Nile Virus was found in 38 states and killed 188 people before the year was over. The West Nile Virus has existed in Africa for thousands of years infecting wildlife and people, but it has been affecting people more than ever these past few decades. The West Nile virus is transmitted into humans and wildlife through mosquito bites. In the past vaccines and pesticides have been used to control these types of issues, but this virus isn’t as simple. In order to prevent people and animals from getting infected by the West Nile Virus it is necessary to control the population of mosquitoes, create a non-toxic pesticide spray, and make sure a West Nile Vaccine available to the victims of the virus.
The West Nile Virus is a powerful disease that has made a big impact on Americans. Phillip Margulies states in his book that the West Nile Virus is a vector-borne virus, which means the virus comes from a bloodsucking insect or in this case a mosquito. The virus travels in the body of an infected bird or insect and gets into humans through mosquito bites (Margulies,41). The humans and animals that are infected can become very ill or just experience a
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Brian Hoyle’s article on the West Nile Virus explains some of the minor symptoms the virus carries. Beginning 3-15 days after the mosquito bite symptoms like fever, body aches, chills, and headaches can appear (Hoyle 2014). These symptoms are minor and don’t last long. Mayo Clinic’s article on the other hand, discusses the more severe symptoms. Neurological effects like swelling of brain tissue and and/or spinal cord can be permanent and some of those cases resulted in death (Mayo Clinic, 2015). Many people have sadly lost their lives to this disease there needs to be a way to prevent it from harming more people. Some believe that lowering the population of mosquitoes there is less of a chance for this disease to further
In the article “When Mosquitoes Were Killers in America” by Lauren Tarshis, She makes the statement “Yet mosquitoes are far more than a nuisance.” What she means is that mosquitoes aren't a little bug that just sucks a little blood and can be annoying, but instead it uses all that and more. Mosquitoes have killed millions upon millions of people by spreading disease like malaria. An example of how she supports this claim is in the article, she says “ In this way, bite by itchy bite, 212 million people are infected with malaria every year” (Tarshis 13). And that is only a year with bug spray, shots, and all the other things that help stop mosquitoes. So when the U.S. government tried to save people from these murders little insects. So they
In 1994, a stable in Hendra, a suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia broke out with an unknown respiratory disease that resulted in thirteen horses and one horse trainer severely ill, resulting in death. [7, 8] This disease was isolated by scientists and later classified as the Hendra virus. The Hendra virus (HeV), previously unknown, is now classified under the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus along with its sister viruses the Nipah Virus and Cedar virus.[7, 9] HeV has the capability of causing fatal diseases in several animal species including humans.[1] The primary host of the Hendra virus was identified as the flying fox species from the genus Pteropus[1,2,3] that resides and migrates through Northeastern Australia[8] or more specifically, the East coast of Australia to Melbourne and west across Northern Australia to Darwin[7].
... States are minimal for people affected with disease by this invasive species, steps should still be taken to avoid an outbreak. They should be controlled to some extent. Because West Nile has taken such a toll on humans and birds, precautions should be taken to avoid being infected with this disease. Controlling the Asian Tiger Mosquito may help minimize the spread of diseases throughout the United States. Because this species of mosquito thrives in more wet condensed spaces like water cans, tipping and tossing all containers that hold water around the house or garden on a daily basis will help remove the larvae and reduce the population. Other common practices that most communities partake in, include cold fogging or spray trucks and effective mosquito traps. These are the best options so far, to help control the Asian Tiger mosquito and other mosquitos as well.
Chester M. Southam, MD, was an American virologist who worked on curing cancer. “Studies had shown that a pathogen called the Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus could eradicate tumors in mice. Because that virus was considered too dangerous for people, Southam searched for something milder, settling on the newly discovered West Nile virus.” He had already spent some time in Africa injecting an assortment of viruses including mumps, dengue, West Nile, and Semliki Forest virus in severely ill cancer patients. The West Nile Virus usually
West Nile virus (WNV) is a single-stranded flavivirus mostly present in the eastern hemisphere that can affect humans, birds, horses, mosquitoes, and other domestic and wild animals. It has plagued the world since it was first identified in West Nile province of Uganda in 1937 (Sally Murray). Since this time, according to the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC), the disease has been spotted in “Africa … Europe, the Middle East, West and Central Asia … the United States … Canada,” and now Central America. Despite its discovery in the 1930’s, the western hemisphere went without the disease until 1999; the first documented case of WNV in the United States was in New York (Watson). West Nile Virus presents a near never-ending problem for the United States because of its similarities to other arboviral disease and its ability to transmit quickly.
...t approximately 1%.1, 2, 3, 4 Transmission to humans is either through direct or indirect contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids or infection through the bite of an infected mosquito.1, 2, 3, 4 Rift Valley Fever has been found to have a high capacity for colonization which greatly increases its’ potential emergent risk in Western Nations.2 The virus itself can survive a wide range of bioclimatic environments due to its’ transmission routes.2 The introduction of Rift Valley Fever into regions that were previously unaffected may be due to the potential movement of hosts and vectors through trade or migration.2 The mechanical transport of arthropod vectors is the most probable mechanism of disease dispersal.2 The potential for geographical spread of Rift Valley Fever is the reason why the disease has been identified as a priority emerging disease.2
You wouldn’t think the carrier of this disease would come from a little mosquito bite but it does.
West Nile Virus has been determined to be a flavivirus. Flavivirus has been defined as, "a type of arbovirus that causes a wide range of diseases in humans,including yellow fever, dengue, and West Nile fever. It is spread by ticks or mosquitoes". (flavi...
West Nile Virus has emerged in recent years throughout the temporate zones of Europe and North America. Causing a variety of conditions in its hosts, the most serious manifestation of WN virus infection is fatal encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) in humans and horses, and many birds.
Marburg virus belongs to the genus Marburgvirus in the family Filoviridae, and causes a grave hemorrhagic fever, known as Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF), in twain humans and nonhuman primates. Basic Safety measures for medical personnel and others who are taking care of presumed individuals who may be contaminated with Marburg disease. Marburg Virus, Akin to the more widely known Ebola hemorrhagic fever, MHF is portrayed by systemic viral replication, lowering the body’s normal immune response to invasion by foreign substances and abnormal inflammatory responses. Ebola and Marburg Virus are very similar in many ways Marburg virus was introduced first in the 1960’s. These pathological features of the disease subsidize to a numerous of systemic dysfunctions including
The zika virus is a virus that is spread most by the bite of a mosquito bite of an infected mosquito. It is a worldwide disease that has had over 2,000 victims over the past year. It caught many people by surprise when the zika virus was first discovered in 2015. The location with the fewest cases of the zika virus is Texas. Texas has had fewer than ten cases sense zika was first discovered.
The Zika virus outbreak took the world by storm and worried mothers all over the world in 2015. The Zika virus is notable for being the cause of a multitude of birth affects, most notoriously, microcephaly (Underdeveloped heads and brain damage). However, it turns out that the Zika virus is not alone. Two of which are the West Nile virus and Powassan virus. They are both neurotropic viruses, which means they both target nerve cells. They both also cause inflammation of the brain and/or inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain. Although, they do differ in the sense that they are both transmitted differently to humans. The West Nile virus is transmitted from mosquitoes that have bitten infected birds. Where as the Powassan virus is
There is no specific treatment for dengue fever. In order to control the fever or pain, it is best to not use aspirin because of the increased risk of bleeding associated with aspirin. Patients must rest and drink fluids, and in case of those with more severe cases of the disease, intravenous fluid would be administered. Also, they will be placed under close monitoring to ensure that the patients don’t lose too much fluid from their bloodstream 2,18.
Dengue is the most common arboviral (arthropod-transmitted) disease and it also position as the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. Approximately 2.5 billion people living in tropical and sub-tropical regions are at a great risk of dengue infection, which is almost equal to about two-fifths of the human population (Gubler & Clark, 1995; WHO, 2009). There is an estimated 50-100 million infections occurring globally in each year, with 500,000 cases requiring hospitalization and causing 24,000 deaths (Halstead, 1988; WHO, 1997). Furthermore, the increasing populations in tropical and sub-tropical regions, making dengue as a global threat to public health (UNEP 2009; Holden, 2009).
With this information, of which is all theoretically possible, we now have a zombie that passes the principles of a zombie.The medical science involved has now proven that zombies are possible.Have fun and do not create this unless you want to be responsible for the mass genocide of the human race.