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Reasons for enlistment in ww1 australia
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To What Extent did Australians enlist to defend the ‘Mother Country’? Thesis: As the was continued, enlistment to defend Britain declined significantly What was Australia’s reaction to enlistment? • First reaction positive with very high amount of enlistment • Good way to earn money in a country of economic difficulty • Was seen as a chance to adventure the world • 20,000 men first enlisted • End of first year had a total of 50,000 men enlisted of ‘best fit’ with thousands of other men rejected due to medical requirements What were the restraints on recruiting and on enlistment? • The minimum requirements was a height of 5ft 8 in with a chest size of 34in • If a man was missing teeth and/or had fillings currently he would have been rejected • The restraints were changed to a more reachable limit of height 5ft 6in in an effort to increase enlistment of less qualified How were enlistment techniques attempted to be improved? • The Australian conscription propaganda caused a hugely negative view of the Germans and a view to idealise the Australian troops • False portrayal of life in the trenches and how enlisting was an opportunity or a ticket to adventure Europe as the Australians thought the war would end by Christmas • Spread of conscription became larger with the enlistment techniques being dispersed among society in various ways • Targeted advertisements for specific age, gender and occupation • The portrayal of a soldier to an average day worker was contrasted creating negative views of the average worker and a positive more heroic and adventurous view of the troops How were the enlistment techniques dispersed amongst the public? • Poster and banner with art and slogans showing the Germans as the aggressors in the... ... middle of paper ... ...0,000 Queensland 57,705 New South Wales 164,030 Victoria 112,399 South Australia 34, 959 West Australia 32,231 Tasmania 15,485 Enlistment Requirements Through the war, desperation for troops caused for enlistment requirements to become more lenient. From the beginning through the first year, approximately 33% of recruits were rejected. August 1914 age/physical requirement was 18–35 years, height of 167cm and chest measurement of 34 inches. Due to growing need for troops, in June 1915 the age range and minimum height requirements were changed to 18–45 years and 157cm, with the minimum height being lowered further to 152cm in April 1917. Due to desperation over time and lenient physical and age requirements, previously useless men were now eligible for enlistment. Recruits were checked for British Army tattoos labelled BC and D. Meaning Bad Character and Deserter.
Nevertheless, upon return to civilian life, many found they were treated with the same or harsher prejudice and discrimination as before. Fighting in another country in a war that does not affect them and completely against their culture and moral beliefs. It seems that the effects and the Aboriginal contribution of WW1 had a negative effect when they came back home and this was still evident at the start of WW2. When the war began in 1914, many Indigenous Australians tried to enlist but were rejected on the fact of their colour and race, but some simply snuck through. By October 1917, when recruits were rare and one conscription referendum had already failed, restrictions were eased back. A new Military Order stated: "Half-castes may be enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force provided that the examining Medical Officers are satisfied that one of the parents is of European origin." (Peter Londey, 2013). The repression of Indigenous Australians increased between the wars and protection acts gave government officials greater authority over Indigenous Australians. Australian Aboriginals had a positive contribution in World War One but this in turn had a negative effect on their culture and the way they were
Australia (as a counry) felt a loyalty towards the 'mother country', Britaain and that the war would be a good opportunity to improve Ausrtalia's international reputation. Many individual Australians also joined the war for a variety of reasons. Some felt a strong loyalty to Britain who had supported Australia, and now, they felt, was the time for them to 'do their bit'. Others enlsted simply to prove they were brave enough to fight, but some enlisted because their friends had. Some simply enlisted because they needed a job, pay, and regular meals, but many enlisted in the army for an adventure, not knowing the true horrors of war. Private A.J. McSparrow (former railway worker from Parramatta, NSW), was one of the many men whwo enlisted because he felt that it was his duty to support the 'mother country' ..."I have (enlisted) ... and I don't regret it in the very least. I believe that it is every young fellow's duty" and "... we are the sort of men who should go."Private Antill enlisted because he needed the money, clothes and food and also because it was easier work than cabinet making ..."I tell you what I have just joined the Australan army ... it's not bad money here 5/- a day and clothes and food that's nearly as good as cabinet making and not half as hard."Lieutenant D.G. Armstrong (former bank clerk from Kyneton, Victoria), thought that the war would be great opportunity to prove his strength and to show that he was not a coward..."I am going to have a try for the war ... I think I ought to go, they want all they can get and ... I think it's the greatest opportunity for a chap to make a man of himself, those that come back from this war will be men of the right sort that anybody would be proud of.
Under United States draft law, certain guidelines must be followed to allow men to be...
In spite of the large gaps between fellow fighting men as a result of cross over social practices and of class structure within the ranks, the progression of the war caused some class boundaries to begin blurring as a need for more officers arose. The Army's initial officer class of 15, 000 men was expanded with the addition of 235, 000 individuals over the course of the war. The either permanent or temporary commissioning of these individuals gave them the title of "temporary gentlemen" ("Service").
The first selective service act was approved in 1917 by President Woodrow Wilson and U.S congress . This act was called conscription this meant that all men between the age of twenty-one and thirty had to register in the U.S military. President Wilson declared that whoever failed to meet the standards of registering would be charged with misdemeanor and put in jail for no more than a year . One famous person who refused to go into the draft was professional boxer Muhammad Ali. When he refused to go he had to pay a fine of ten thousand dollars and five years in prison. Some people of the draft could not pass the physical part of the army but still were sent out. Thousand’s untrained soldiers were sent to war because of the lack of troops the U.S had in the war zone.
During the majority of the war, men were guided into civilian and military positions through a policy that the Selective Service Director Lewis B. Hershey called "channeling." The draft system used induction as a threat to "channel" people into more desirable pursuits that were in the interests of the nation. For instance, an engineer earned a deferment from the war because he was needed at home while a person who did not have a deferment could be inducted into the army. For every solider in combat, there were many other positions that needed to be filled...
The Conscription Act delivered the final straw in the long list of discrepancies, the catalyst that turned that small forest fire into a raging inferno of hate and fear. The white working class (mostly Irish immigrants) were infuriated, they couldn’t understand how they, white, hard-working voters were being punished. The government was forcing them to fight a war they didn’t support and the only way they could avoid it was to pay 300 dollars (a years wages for most), yet they would pay African Americans 1,000 dollars for volunteering. The new federal draft conditions also expanded to include a wider age range of men it would take. “The conscription law targeted men between the ages of 20 and 35, and all unmarried men up to age 45.” Adding to the already high tensions of laborers, since the enactment of the Emancipation Proclamation they ...
In the month of April of 1862, the government issued the first draft of the Civil War. Throughout the war, they put out drafts because so many men were needed to fight. Citizens were expected to obey these orders, and as the war progressed, it was harder and harder for men to avoid fighting for their country. Towards the end, the government began forcing almost every able man to enlist in the army. Men of ages 17-50 were drafted in the South (20-45 in the North); bodies were needed. And the government made sure that they got what they needed.
The age to join the army was 19, but many of the soliders how wanted
Beginning with a series of descriptions about the soldiers returning from the frontline, Owen shows us how these men contradict the model soldier portrayed in the recruitment posters. The soldiers that we see now have become beaten down with pain, and exhaustion: “old beggars, bent double” and “hags”. Here Owens shows us the true reality of war, and its impact upon the soldiers, he; shows us how the everyday combat has taken its toll upon the generation, practically taken out the whole cohort.
On July 1, 1973, Congress chose to end the draft in favor of an All Volunteer Army. According to "The Professional Bulletin of Army History, No. 27," the last man was drafted in December 1972 and reported for training in June 1973. Now, not only might the renewed military draft come back but also the age of compulsory service in the meat grinder might be extended from its former limit of 26 years up to 42 years of age.
Although the United States has replaced a partially drafted army with an all-volunteer army, the Selective Service System stills allows men to be drafted if the military is too small (Olson-Raymer, par. 48-50). When the United States invaded Iraq, hundreds of thousands of Americans voluntarily enlisted (par. 55). Despite this, military personnel claimed that there was a shortage of soldiers, and a draft would be beneficial in the war effort (Thompson, par. 7). Fortunately, the draft remained and still remains unnecessary. Whenever a draft has been implemented in the United States, controversy has ensued. Some people think a draft
Many Australians reject the idea of conscription to an overseas war, and believe conscription should be used here as a home defense, for exampl...
The WW1 Conscription is one of the significant PR events that occurred in Australia in the 20th century. The Government in essence intended to adopt a conscription policy so as to enhance its fighting capacity. Nevertheless it could not impose this policy unless it received the support of the Nation and therefore it had to persuade its citizen to support it by voting in the referendum. It however faced a very strong opposition with both parties adopting various public relation strategies to influence the public perception towards conscription. The Government lost in both referendums implying that its PR campaigns were not as effective as those of the opposition. The opposition therefore can still rely on the PR strategy it had applied during WW1 conscription to block any attempts by the Government to reintroduce conscription. However, the new campaign should utilize modern media and PR strategies so as to persuade effectively the current sophisticated audience (Sheehan 2007).
Australian society did mobilise itself very well for war during World War II. This however resulted in positive and negative experiences for Australians. Mobilisation for war involved preparing the nation to defend itself against attack, ensuring that it could strike back at the enemy and organizing the nation’s resources and industries (T Taylor 2009). For Australia during World War II, this involved mobilization of the economy, society and military.