Estrogen and Progesterone deserve attention when it comes to women's health care as Menopause and Peri-Menopause conditions and symptoms are widely known. These two hormones begin declining by twenty-five percent in woman between thirty-five and fifty years old. A hormonal imbalance is caused by the rapid decrease during menopause which results in several symptoms that are unpleasant and increased vulnerability to things such as depression, various cancers, osteoporosis and heart disease.
There a numerous studies showing the woman are protected against the dangers of aging when Progesterone and Estrogen are in balance. Women were healthier and felt better in post menopause when they had Bio-Identical hormones to replace and balance the
“High levels of hormones can cause problems in the human body, but can hormones we ingest really alter our hormone level...
There has been conflicting research and advice about the safety of hormones with the increase in the aging female population within the last twenty years (National Institute on Aging). Hormone therapy has demonstrated to be the most effective FDA approved medication in the relief of menopausal symptoms, but these benefits must be weighed against serious adverse effects that hormones can cause. Although many women differ in their response to hormone products, MHT has been universally linked to an increased risk of heart disease, heart attack, blood clots, and strokes. Concerns about the findings discovered in the clinical and observation trials performed on MHT, have left some doctors and women hesitant in utilizing MHT to combat menopausal symptoms.
The endocrine system is very dynamic and has ties to most, if not all of the other major systems of the body. It is responsible for production of hormones and the regulation of them as well. These hormones act as chemical messengers within the body. Through several differing mechanisms, they are able to trigger very specific responses in target cells or organs. This is what enables the endocrine system to guide growth, development, reproduction, and behavior, among many others as well.
Trussell, J., Stewart, F., Potts, M., Guest, F., & Ellertson, C. (1993). Should Oral Contraceptives
Childbirth is nothing short of a miracle. The placenta—the organ connecting a developing fetus to the uterine wall and allowing for waste elimination, nutrient uptake and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply—filters most harmful substances that threaten an embryo, though some may still pass on to the fetus. These harmful substances, called “teratogens,” range from environmental chemicals to the passing of maternal diseases, and can negatively impact the normal developmental cycle of a fetus. The title “teratogen,” however, effectually refers to any substance or chemical exposure with the potential to cause birth defects in prenatal development. Exposure to teratogens can result in a broad spectrum of physiological and psychological issues in later life, including malformations of the body. (Malformations resulting from exposure to one of the most common teratogens—alcohol—can be observed notoriously in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, or FAS, where patterns of mental and physical defects develop in association with high levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy.) Though the toxicity of these teratogens is particularly damaging during the fourth through tenth weeks of gestation, teratogens can harm throughout the span of development in the womb.
First of all, being a woman is one of the risk factors of osteoporosis especially after the age of menopause. “30% of American women between the ages of 60 and 70 have osteoporosis” (Marieb & Hoehn, 2016).To clarify, menopause is characterized by the loss of estrogen hormone production by the ovaries. Since estrogen is necessary for osteoblast to build new bone tissues, the lack of this hormone will improve the ability of osteoblast to absorb the bone tissues. Another risk factor of osteoporosis is being Caucasian. Caucasian women are more likely to get osteoporosis. 30% of Caucasian women experience a bone fracture in their lives that is related to osteoporosis” (Marieb & Hohen, 2016) . Furthermore, genetics are another risk factor of osteoporosis. Individuals with a family history of osteoporosis are at a primary risk for developing this condition. Moreover, a bad and unhealthy lifestyle including poor diet, lack of activities and exercise, smoking, and drinking too much are also risks factors of osteoporosis. In addition, low body weight is another risk factor of osteoporosis. Individuals with low body weight and small amount of fat and muscles are more likely to get this
14- Dutt. P, Chaudhary SR, et al. Oral health and menopause: a comprehensive review on current knowledge and associated dental management. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research (2013); 3(3): 320-323.
During recent years, numerous newspaper and magazine articles have suggested that humans may be at risk because small amounts of well known environmental contaminants, such as dioxin, PCBs and DDT, can affect hormone levels. Hormones are produced by the endocrine system as regulators of biological function in target organs. Because hormones play a critical role in early development, toxicological effects on the endocrine system often have an impact on the reproductive system. The term endocrine disruptor is used to describe chemicals that can mimic hormones and may either enhance or counteract their effects. It has been suggested that these hormone changes can, in turn, lead to a variety of health problems including cancer, decreased fertility, and abnormalities in newborns.
Birth control pills should be removed from general consumption because of physical changes, emotional changes, and synthetic hormones. Birth control pills are very dangerous it could come with a lot affects. The few effect that birth control pills come with is that is more serious, although rare woman that take the pill are in the risk of having a heart attacks, high blood pressure, blood clots, strokes, liver tumor, and gallstone. These effects are most likely not to happen to woman the chances are very low. A woman is more at risk if she is overweight and older than 35 years old of having a heart attack or stroke.
This essay will review the Endocrine system, its components and its functions. It will also look into how the assessments that practitioners perform on patients relate to the chosen system, and discuss any ethical and practical issues that may arise. I will also go into a brief explanation of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, and how they interact with the endocrine system.
Studies show that oestrogen plays an important role in regulation of body weight in females (Newhart, 2013). When teaching patients about menopause symptoms explain management through both pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. . In Maureen's case she is experiencing signs of depression from having low self esteem about her appearances from comfort eating. To help Maureen she needs to be educated about ways to cope with her eating habits, including: staying active, exercise regularly and seek social support to prevent further mental health problems (Mokhtar, 2015). Newhart, 2013 states that over 50% of women surveyed described menopause as a very unpleasant period of their life. In order to give a client the most appropriate and best care possible, it is important to know at which developmental stage they are on. This is essential as it will influence how the nurse uses critical thinking to alter the nursing process and therefore will create methods and correct mode of delivery of care (Crisp & Taylor, 2009, p. 257). Maureen eats food as a way to deal with her feelings to make her feel better, even if its just for a short time. It is important that nurses explore triggers that cause emotional eating amongst their patients, such as Maureen. Interventions should be designed to promote healthy food choices during
Women are at a higher threat of developing osteoporosis when their ovaries discontinue producing estrogen. This is due to the fact that estrogen supports maintaining proper calcium levels in bones. “A collapse of bony vertebrae of the spinal column results in loss of height and stooped posture. Hip fractures are a common occurrence.”
Endocrine disruption is becoming a major crisis for both humans and organisms in various parts of the globe. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC’s) are classified as natural or synthetic compounds that antagonize endogenous hormones or alter hormone functionality in the organism. The exposure to EDC’s can result in alterations in transcriptional and epigenetic effects in various organisms, and may lead to a host of reproductive, neural, and developmental problems. These endocrine disruptors are dangerous even at low doses, and the disruptors are found in everyday products.
Every woman when pregnant has a 3-5% chance of having a baby born with a birth defect, and these chances increase when the developing fetus/ embryos are exposed to teratogens, whether it’s intentional or unintentional (Bethesda (MD), 2006). Teratogens can cause severe birth defects, malformations, or terminate the pregnancy altogether (Jancárková, & Gregor, 2000). The placenta is known as an effective barrier from any detrimental pathogen that can potentially hurt the fetus. The timing of exposure of any teratogen is critical to the impact of prenatal development (Bethesda (MD), 2006). The most vulnerable time of the fetus for severe damage is during early pregnancy when all the major organ and central nervous system (CNS) are developing. Miscarriages have an important role in keeping a pregnancy from evolving when there is something serious going on with the developing fetus/embryo. Miscarriages are more common than we think and are the most familiar type of pregnancy loss (Bethesda (MD), 2006).
Menopause is a natural function of the female body that every woman will reach during midlife. Many women dread reaching menopause since it has an association of “becoming old”. Some feel that they are no longer of value as they are no longer childbearing. Yet, does it have to be this way? Is it possible, with knowledge and support, that women do not have to suffer all the symptoms that menopause could bring. The symptoms of menopause vary from woman to woman. They include, but are not limited to; hot flashes, sweating, vaginal dryness, fatigue, night sweats, sleep disturbances (waking early or insomnia), depression, irritability, and/or anxiety.