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The code of hammurabi and western civilization
The code of hammurabi thesis
The code of hammurabi thesis
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In the medieval times, there was a different way of penalizing someone when they did wrong in the eyes of the law or religious guidelines. Many different groups of people (Islamic, Buddhists, Babylonians, etc.) have had different views on how a person should be punished, such as how severe the punishment is in accordance to the breaking of the rules. Some works that have been read this semester that exhibit the views of a group of people on punishment would include: The Code of Hammurabi, Confucious, The Book of Leviticus, the Qu ‘ran, Hrafenkel, the Declaration of the rights of man, and the English Bill of Rights. The Code of Hammurabi states the code of laws for the Babylonians in 1780 B.C. Of the almost 100 laws looked at in class, about ¼ of them end in physical punishment (if not death) of a sort. Most of the acting punishments that don’t require a payment involve someone being pushed into the water or just being sentenced to death while other punishments that just inflict pain could be anything from an eye being taken out or even one’s bone being broken. This common theme of punishment can be clearly seen in this excerpt, which exhibits what today’s …show more content…
In the Declaration of the Rights of Man from France, it gives a clear outline of what these people think that every person’s rights are. This is something that is not as clearly defined in other readings that have been approached but is equally as important because if one does not clearly know what is just and right by definition then who is to say they know what equal punishment is for such a crime. The English Bill of Rights is another document that clearly outlines the rights of the people as subjects to one ruler. It is important to look at different time periods and different regions throughout the world to get a better understanding of the background of the laws that can be seen
Ancient laws were brutal. Babylonian laws, like Hammurabi's Code, included physical torture and death as punishments. The rule behind these punishments was "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth."Hammurabi was the name of the king in the city-state of Babylon who ruled for nearly 4,000 years ago.This code was a set of 282 laws that maintained order. Hammurabi's Code was unjust because accidents were punished, punishments for intentional damage was extreme, and it focused on revenge instead of preventing future crime.
The Code of Hammurabi has a slightly different way of describing the way a society should maintain stability and avoid chaos. In this code of conduct it is more on the lines of something similar to the Bill of Rights where each idea is stated in form of a law. For example, in the 15th amendment of The Code it staes “15: If any one take a male or female slave of the court, or a male or female slave of a freed man, outside the city gates [to escape], he shall be put to death.” It is a listed set of laws followed by a consequence whether it is minor or as harsh as the death penalty. If such harsh punishments were informed, I believe the law makers or theorists saw it as a type of scare which would prevent people from committing the crime. There are those people who do break the law and make stupid decisions, but it would keep the amount of people making stupid decisions and breaking the law to a
In February, 1587, Queen Elizabeth had ordered her cousin, Mary, Queen of Scotts, to her execution to eliminate all possibilities of any threats to her throne. This event would reflect the relentless violence and unforgiving punishments of the judicial system in Elizabethan Era. Criminals during Queen Elizabeth’s reign in England, known as the Elizabethan Era, were subject to harsh, violent punishments for their crimes. England was separated into two social classes, which were the nobility, and the commoners. Within each class, the punishments were defined by the class and type of crime that had been committed. Under the Tudor rule, the punishments dating back to the middle ages were revived. Such gruesome punishments were carried out to strike fear into the hearts of the English citizens and lower crime rate. There were a wide range of crimes that a person could be prosecuted for, and even included the act of witchcraft and alchemy. Of course, today the American court system would find prosecutions of witchcraft and alchemy ridiculous. However, in the Elizabethan Era, people accused of even the most petty of crimes would be immediately placed in prison to await their sentences, often resulting in death. Public executions were a common practice, and were often a form of entertainment for a crowd of spectators. Often considered as the “Golden Age” in English history, England’s court systems became an essential part of society because cruel punishments were severe enough to strike fear into English citizens as well as demonstrating the influence and power of Queen Elizabeth’s rule.
Today some people can get away with just about any small crime with no punishments, but in the Elizabethan era you'd think twice before committing a crime. For stealing fruit in the Elizabethan era you can lose your hand. Today you would get community service or some other small punishment. The punishment you were given had to do with the crime, your wealth, and who you were connected to.
At the beginning of the era, punishments were decided by individuals or their families. This led to punishments were the quantity and quality did not match the significance of the crimes committed. Eventually, proportionate punishment was created, and left to the community, or whoever enforced the law. The reason for their extreme punishments, like execution or banishment on people was because they thought it would make other people refrain from breaking the law. However, studies have been shown that making punishments very harsh did not help much at all, if any (“Punishment”). Some of the most common severe punishments included hanging, burning, the pillory, whipping, branding, starvation in front of the public, and cutting off parts of the body. They also used items such as the scold’s bridle, which was an iron muzzle placed over the head and had a metal piece that stuck in the person’s mouth. The drunkard’s cloak was a type of pillory used on people who became drunk. Overall, most punishments that did not involve anything too serious were normally shameful to the criminal by placing them in front of the public. Some of the minor punishments included being carried in a cart through the streets, and riding backwards on a horse. The pillory was probably the most used prop for punishment, because it varied in intensity, such as getting the criminals ears nailed to the pillory itself. In that time period, they had specific punishments for certain offences. Some of these specifics included stealing anything over 5 pence led to being hanged. Also, the punishment for poaching varied based on the time of day. “Poaching at night resulted in the punishment by death, whereas poaching during the day time did not” (Alchin). Another major form of punishment used was imprisonment. At that time, prisons were very unsanitary and many diseases were
This is a question that could easily be debated in either direction depending on how one looks at it. This paper will be focusing on the British Justice in the early modern period that would appear to show favor with the criminal. In order to make such determination, one must delve into the both sides of the system and see which weighs heaviest on the scales.
During the Victorian era (1837-1901), Britain was no doubt the world's superpower, despite social unrest at home and thriving industrial rivals overseas.
The aim of this lesson will be to develop students understanding of crime and punishment in Medieval Europe. As outlined in AUSVELS, this will include investigating different kinds of crime and punishment utilised and the ways the nature of crime and punishment has either stayed the same throughout history, or changed over time.
Punishment in Elizabethan England was some of the most unforgiving and harsh consequences that the world has ever seen. It was also some of the most biased and unfair punishment we have ever seen. There were 2 classes of social standings, nobility and commoners.
I have also learnt that punishing someone in the Middle Ages was rather like making a horror movie or becoming a torturer with punishments often being aimed at extreme pain, terrible mutilation and humiliation even after a painful death. I have also learnt of many devices such as the gibbet, or the rack, and the common practice of displaying impaled heads on battlements as a terror tactic. All in all I have learnt that judgment in the Middle Ages was illogical and unreasonable, and punishment simply torturous and
On August 26, 1789, the assembly issued the “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.” Through judicial matters, this document was written in order to secure due process and to create self-government among the French citizens. This document offered to the world and especially to the French citizens a summary of the morals and values of the Revolution, while in turn justifying the destruction of a government; especially in this case the French government, based upon autocracy of the ruler and advantage. The formation of a new government based upon the indisputable rights of the individuals of France through liberty and political uniformity.
During the early days of modern civilization, the concept of any one individual having specific and certain rights, without having the need for any source of political or monetary power, was unheard of. This was the cause until three specific documents were drafted and brought into history, these documents are the sources used for this paper. Upon reading these sources though, I believe that in today’s modern times, the rights argued are still relevant and need to be discussed further.
One of the earliest documented codes of law that issued the death penalty was The Code of Hammurabi. According to livescience.com, The Code of Hammurabi referred to the set of rules or laws by King Hammurabi. The code was followed by the people living in his empire. There are 300 laws that discuss subjects, including homicide, assault, divorce, debt, adoption, tradesman’s fees, agricultural practices, and even disputes regarding the brewing of beer. I think he set these laws to try to create peace in his empire. Although I disagree with
This essay has argued throughout that human rights are not universal. The first paragraph in this essay focused on the extent to which the idea and norms of universal human rights has flourished. It then critiqued human rights from a cultural perspective arguing that human rights are not universal due to their being conflict between the rights of the individuals and the rights of groups. This essay finally argued that the lack of adherence to these so called universal human rights have dealt a huge blow to the notion of their being universal human rights.
In every society and community, everyone had a role to play which made their life work and made the economy go around. Although these roles were not pre-set, a person’s life can influence where in the community they fit. This is also true from criminals. Criminals weren’t just born to break the law, no one would chose to lead a life of a criminal, but instead, most were pushed to a certain point to take steps against the law. A life as a criminal was tough and hard, although their ethics were off and moral were low, most were just trying to survive. These certain things are true today, crime is still committed out of necessity. This can be caused because of poverty, when a person is too poor to provide themselves with the basic necessities of life they might turn to crime in order to get these certain things, such as food. This was especially true during the Victorian Era. One of the main differences though is the punishment