Cooling Systems in Nuclear Reactors
Introduction
Nuclear power plants make up 15% of the world’s electricity production. The US produces the most nuclear power, with France and Japan following second and third. Nuclear reactors are used in nuclear power plants to produce heat that will create steam to produce energy. Nuclear power plants convert thermal energy released from nuclear fission. The core of a nuclear reactor builds up heat and this heat needs to be controlled and filtered out somewhere. The reactor needs to remain cool—usually by water but is sometimes cooled by a gas or a liquid metal.
Cooling Systems
The basic fuel for a nuclear power plant is uranium. The reactor core is what contains the radioactive material in a nuclear power plant. This radioactive material will continue to give off heat for a long time, and unless this heat is removed, it will build up and will eventually cause damage to the radioactive fuel or the reactor. The nuclear reactor coolant, as described above, consists of water, gas, or a liquid metal. This coolant is circulated through the reactor core and absorbs the heat that is generated and turns it into steam. This steam becomes pressurized and causes the turbines to turn along with the generator, which generates electricity. Figure 1 shows the flow of the coolant (in this case, water) indicated by the arrows and the color of the water represents the waters form. The water is cool as it is pumped from the condenser into the containment structure. As the water circulates in the containment structure, it is heated in the reactor core and cooled again in the steam generator. The heat from the water is released as steam and the steam is pressurized to move the turbines. The movement of the t...
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...g radioactive material outside the reactor. In the next five to fifteen years, researchers are looking to develop a new kind of power plant by substituting water for helium that would produce a smaller carbon footprint on the climate. (849 words without the quote)
Bibliography
1. http://www.nationalstrategy.com/Portals/0/documents/Winter%202013/Faulx-Nuclear.pdf Winter 2013 Volume 22, Issue 1
2. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nuclear-energy-primer/
3. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-cool-a-nuclear-reactor/
4. http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Nuclear-Fuel-Cycle/Power-Reactors/Nuclear-Power-Reactors/
5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor#Disadvantages
P.S: The Plagiarism Checker said that the IP address has reached its daily limit of free uses, so I couldn’t submit my report to check for plagiarism.
Plagiarism of Electronic material has been very difficult to detect in the past, but new technology has made detecting electronic plagiarism of material such as Internet content, online databases, and e-books possible. Educational institutions are now able to check content submitted by students’ using software such as DupliChecker and Turnitin, which check work against current and archived web pages and databases of previously submitted student work consisting of journals, assignments and essays. Students can also take an active part by checking their work using similar software made available to the public.
In the essay “Rise of the Plagiosphere,” Ed Tenner argues that creative writing is dying due to online plagiarism detection programs, databases and text-comparison programs. Tenner first breaks down and defines the word Plagiosphere by defining it as a combination of the word plagiarism and sphere. Tenner then mentions how the idea of combining these words came from the creation of the word biosphere. Tenner then goes into discussing how different programs have been created to detect plagiarism such as web crawlers. He points out how these technical advances have caused for a writer’s profound phrasing to have a shortened life span. The writer may think he or she is stringing words together in a groundbreaking manner, but the reality is due
...ed the water begins to boil and steam is produced. When the steam is produced is moved up towards the reactor opening, as it moves up the steam passes through turbines that spin creating energy. The turbines begin to move which is what produces the energy. During this process a lot of steam is produced which is why so much power is created.
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Nuclear Power comes from the process of splitting Uranium Atoms (also called fission), which in turn releases copious amounts of energy in the form of heat. When the atoms are arranged in a reactor, the splitting of an atom will cause nearby atoms to split, forming a chain reaction. As the energy is released, it is sent through coolant tanks full of water, which is then heated into steam. The steam is channeled and used to spin a turbine, which in turn powers a generator,
Gorman, G. E. (2008). The plague of plagiarism in an online world. Online Information Review, 32(3), 297-301. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14684520810889637
The use of nuclear energy has increased in the United States since 1973. Nuclear energy's share of U.S. electricity generation has grown from 4 percent in 1973 to 19 percent in 1998. This is excellent news for the environment. Nuclear energy and hydropower are the cleanest large-scale means of electricity production. Since nuclear power plants do not burn fuel, they emit no combustion byproducts—like carbon dioxide—into the atmosphere (www.nei.org). Nuclear power can come from the fission of Uranium, plutonium or thorium or the fusion of hydrogen into helium. Today uranium (U-235 and U-238) is most commonly used in the production of nuclear energy. The expa...
For the generation of electricity, hot water, at temperatures ranging from about 700 degrees F, is brought from the underground reservoir to the surface through production wells, and is flashed to steam in special vessels by release of pressure. The steam is separated from the liquid and fed to a turbine engine, which turns a generator. In turn, the generator produces electricity. Spent geothermal fluid is injected back into peripheral parts of the reservoir to help maintain reservoir pressure. If the reservoir is to be used for direct-heat application, the geothermal water is usually fed to a heat exchanger before being injected back into the earth. Heated domestic water from the output side of the heat exchanger is used for home heating, greenhouse heating, vegetable drying and a wide variety of other uses.
Plagiarism, or the unaccredited use of another's work or ideas, has become more and more of a problem in recent times than it was in the past. According to statistics found in a survey conducted by the Free Press, 58% of high school students let someone copy their work in 1969, but by 1989 this number had risen to 97%. The expansion of the World Wide Web and the number of people accessing the Web on a regular basis has caused an epidemic of plagiarism in this country, especially among students. This is a serious problem that must be addressed because many students feel that if they are not getting in trouble for cheating, than it is okay.
There are three parts to a typical hydropower plant. The first part is an electric plant where electricity is produced. The second is a dam that open and closes to control the flow of water. Water behind the dam goes into an intake and is pushed against blades in a turbine which causes them to turn. Then the turbine rotates a generator to create electricity.
There are two main types of nuclear reactors used in the world, Pressurized Water Reactors, known as PWR’s, and Boiling Water Reactors, known as BWR’s. The former is more complicated and thusly more safe and more commonly used, while the latter presents several unnecessary hazards and is quickly being phased out of usage (Duke, n.d.). In both systems, reactions take place inside of a reaction chamber located within a co...
To begin, nuclear power is produced by nuclear fission, which is the splitting of an atom to start a chain reaction (“11 Facts”). This chain reaction produces massive amounts of heat. Nuclear reactors take advantage of this heat by pumping water into the reactor, which in turn produces steam. The steam then becomes pressurized through a pipeline and exits into a turbine (“How do Nuclear”). The pressurized steam causes the turbine blades to spin, producing power which is linked to a generator for use in the main power lines. When the steam passes the turbine blades, it goes past cooled pipes and condensates (“How do Nuclear”). After the condensation process is finished and the steam reverts back to water, it is pumped into the reactor again, thus completing the process of producing nuclear-based power.
Nuclear power, the use of exothermic nuclear processes to produce an enormous amount of electricity and heat for domestic, medical, military and industrial purposes i.e. “By the end of 2012 2346.3 kilowatt hours (KWh) of electricity was generated by nuclear reactors around the world” (International atomic energy agency Vienna, 2013, p.13). However, with that been said it is evident that the process of generating electricity from a nuclear reactor has numerous health and environmental safety issues.
Plagiarism and Copyright Infringement are two terms that mean different things yet are routinely mentioned as synonyms for each other. This is not the case. The underlying reasoning for people who choose to plagiarize and infringe on copyrights involve some of the same ethics and morals, but from a legal standpoint these terms mean different things. This paper will point out the similarities and differences between the two terms. It will first give some meaning and perspective behind each term then it will go into the details of what each term means. It will point out the types of plagiarism that routinely show in academia and what is covered under Copyright law protection. It will go on to compare and contrast the two concepts.
The greatest disadvantages of nuclear energy are the risks posed to mankind and the environment by radioactive materials. ‘On average a nuclear plant annually generates 20 metric tons of used nuclear fuel cla...