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St Augustine's Philosophy on evil
St Augustine's Philosophy on evil
Augustine theory on evil
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Leone 1 Anna Leone Philosophy Ventimiglia 12/17/15 Leone’s Philosophy Plato, Augustine, Nietzsche, and Thoreau all provide very convincing arguments about what is the right way to live, however from what we have learned this semester, it is fair to say, I do not agree with just one of these philosophers. After listening to the philosophies and theories of each, I can relate best to Augustine and Thoreau’s ideals. Between the two of them, I believe that if I pick out select points made by each, I can come up with the best philosophy for how I should live my own life. Augustine has a very interesting background regarding his story of sinner to saint. The story of Augustine and the beggar is one that speaks out to …show more content…
“And I strained to perceive what I now heard, that free-will was the cause of our doing ill.” (The Confessions of Saint Augustine, 1996, p.154) After reading Book Seven, Augustine’s questioning of evil is understandable. If God is truly good, the question lies, where does evil come from? His overall idea that we create most of the evil in the world because of our right to choose, also known as free will, is very accurate. From how I have been brought up and my views on the world so far, I agree wholeheartedly with this statement. I believe that we have free will and with that free will we can either do good or bad in the world, but the choice is ultimately ours. This idea can also be linked to Augustine’s belief that one can be changed through God. If we have the right to choose good or evil, then those choices will shape us overall. For example, if someone decides to choose evil and give into their worst desires, but later on in life decides to choose good, then they have changed themselves for the good with God’s help of free will. That being said, I do not agree with Augustine’s points that the evil may be a part of a larger good. When the Sandy Hook shooting occurred, I was old enough to
St. Augustine’s Confessions is written through the Christian perspective of religion. Christianity is founded on the idea that there is one God who oversees all actions. Though all actions are observed by a higher power, God instills in us a free will. As Christians we are free to make our own decisions whether right or wrong. In his Biography St Augustine expresses that he feels like a sinner. He struggles with the fact that he is a thrill seeker. He loves to watch blood sports. He watches gladiators fight to the death and commit murder. Not only does he watch, but he enjoys observing these acts. He is also expressing his sins in his biography when he writes about stealing, which is another sin. He steals pears for fun. St Augustine doesn’t even eat the pears he steals, but throws them to the pigs to eat. Through the story St Augustine struggles interna...
Augustine is fixated upon the idea of evil and its origins in Christian theology. He struggles to come to terms with the doctrine of sin. A popular counterargument to the belief in God is that a good, kind, and loving divine power would never command the wholesale slaughter of nations. According to Christian belief, God created everything, and everything He created is good because He Himself is righteous. Augustine claims that God pervades the entirety of the universe and all it contains. So, how can things outside of God, such as evil, even exist? He asks this in various forms of rhetorical questions, such as, “Where then is evil? What is its origin? How did it steal into the world?...Where then does evil come from, if God made all things
Henry Thoreau's voice speaks of individuality, that is dependent upon unconformity and simplicity. Thoreau believes one must escape societal expectations,“ If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer (Thoreau ).”, to find true individualism. He presumes that if tradition and conformity are extinguish the individual will be able to shape his or her own path and not be stuck on the beaten down trail. If one disregards expectations and heads, “...in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with success unexpected in common hours ( Thoreau
Douglas Adams once said “I may not have gone where I intended to go, but I think I have ended up where I needed to be.” This quote resembles the idea that is illustrated throughout Ralph Waldo Emerson’s essay Self-Reliance. Many people believe that we need to plan out their own life, but God lays out your life in his own unique way. Emerson uses many different types of aphorisms throughout the essay to express how we need to fulfill our own life. He also expresses that we should follow God’s path toward what he wants them to show within their lives. My philosophical values are congruent with Ralph Waldo Emerson’s. Emerson reminds us to stay true to ourselves, avoiding conforming to societies’ expectations, and ultimately listening to our own inner voice.
Ralph Waldo Emerson, nineteenth century poet and writer, expresses a philosophy of life, based on our inner self and the presence of the soul. Emerson regarded and learned from the great minds of the past, he says repeatedly that each person should live according to his own thinking. I will try to explain Emerson’s philosophy, according to what I think is the central theme in all his works. “Do not seek answers outside yourself”. This is the main idea of Waldo’s philosophy.
...lighted” Augustine’s body (Confessions VIII. 5, p. 148). In this example, regardless of Augustine’s want to will succumbing to God, he found that his habits had rendered him unable to. His will in favor of the lower things held Augustine tighter than his will for God, which caused Augustine to choose the lesser good, which left him “in the midst of that great tumult I had stirred up against my own soul in the chamber of my heart” (Confessions VIII. 7, p.152). His two wills tore at him until he fully abandoned his earthly lust for the spiritual Godly desires; supporting his conclusion that free will in favor of the lesser goods causes evil. Therefore, free will is the ultimate source of evil.
Augustine answers this question in a Platonist’s manner. In Augustine's view, evil is a mere form, caused by our inability to observe the entire cosmos and the interdependence between a single occurrence and the state of the whole world. If a state of affairs, is measured in isolation, it may give rise to the idea that the world-order is imperfect and that God does not care about humans. However, the one who is able to apprehend the world in its entirety, understands how every single event is meaningful by contributing to the perfection of the whole. The man, Augustine claims, who is capable of true insight into the harmonious constitution of the world, knows that there is no evil. Attaining this insight is the goal of education.
How do you believe life should be lived? What inspires your way of living? What’s your philosophy of life? Some of you might think we shouldn’t live our lives satisfying others or what others think. Others believe every now and then we should look into our inner self so we can live a nice peaceful life.
In Augustine's Confessions, the early church father puts forth a complex theodicy in which he declares evil to be nonexistent. Such a leap may seem to be illogical, but this idea stems from the understanding of what is substance and what is not. According to Augustine, the duality of good and evil is false, because anything that is good is substance and what humans think of as evil is simply the absence of the good (Confessions, 126). Vices for example, are just the display of the absence of the good. Pride is the absence of humility, unrighteous anger the absence of temperance, and so on. This idea is evident as he writes that the ability to be corrupted is what makes something good, not i...
This is a brief summary of what Augustine believed regarding (1) the origin of sin and (2) the
“Please tell me: isn’t God the cause of evil?” (Augustine, 1). With this question to Augustine of Hippo, Evodius begins a philosophical inquiry into nature of evil. Augustine, recently baptized by Saint Ambrose in Milan, began writing his treatise On Free Choice of the Will in 387 C.E. This work laid down the foundation for the Christian doctrine regarding the will’s role in sinning and salvation. In it, Augustine and his interlocutor investigate God’s existence and his role in creating evil. They attempt not only to understand what evil is, and the possibility of doing evil, but also to ascertain why God would let humans cause evil. Central to the premise of this entire dialogue is the concept of God, as relates to Christianity; what is God, and what traits separate Him from humans? According to Christianity, God is the creator of all things, and God is good; he is omnipotent, transcendent, all-knowing, and atemporal- not subject to change over time- a concept important to the understanding of the differences between this world and the higher, spiritual realm He presides over. God’s being is eidos, the essence which forms the basis of humans. With God defined, the core problem being investigated by Augustine and Evodius becomes clear. Augustine states the key issue that must be reconciled in his inquiry; “we believe that everything that exists comes from the one God, and yet we believe that God is not the cause of sins. What is troubling is that if you admit that sins come from… God, pretty soon you’ll be tracing those sins back to God” (Augustine, 3).
Before we dive into what Augustine has to say about free will, we must first understand what the problem is. In The HarperCollins Dictionary of Philosophy, the problem of free will is defined as:
In the beginning, God created the world. He created the earth, air, stars, trees and mortal animals, heaven above, the angels, every spiritual being. God looked at these things and said that they were good. However, if all that God created was good, from where does un-good come? How did evil creep into the universal picture? In Book VII of his Confessions, St. Augustine reflects on the existence of evil and the theological problem it poses. For evil to exist, the Creator God must have granted it existence. This fundamentally contradicts the Christian confession that God is Good. Logically, this leads one to conclude evil does not exist in a created sense. Augustine arrives at the conclusion that evil itself is not a formal thing, but the result of corruption away from the Supreme Good. (Augustine, Confessions 7.12.1.) This shift in understanding offers a solution to the problem of evil, but is not fully defended within Augustine’s text. This essay will illustrate how Augustine’s solution might stand up to other arguments within the context of Christian theology.
Author Claudia Gray stated, “Self-knowledge is better than self-control any day” (Goodreads). Evil and sin exists in our world today and the temptation they bring bounds many human’s spiritual being. Finding the root of all evil is a hard and torturous concept to understand, but knowing one’s own free will helps bring understanding and deliverance from the evils of the world. Throughout the book Confessions Saint Augustine “ponders the concepts of evil and sin and searches the root of their being” (Augustine 15). The existence of evil is one of the most worrisome challenges a Christian or any individual deals with throughout life. Saint Augustine’s beliefs concerning the root of all evil and sins transforms as he begins to grow and develop in the knowledge of his free will and spiritual being. Early on, he believes “God created all things and evil is a thing, therefore God created evil” (Augustine 73-74). From this he conceives the notion that God cannot be good if he knowingly created evil. As Augustine begins to grow in his spiritual walk, his views begin to evolve as he questions his Manichee’s beliefs and explores the concepts of good and evil. From his inquiring Augustine develops the question, what is evil and what if evil did not need creating? He asks, “Do we have any convincing evidence that a good God exists” (Augustine 136-137)?
Henry David Thoreau was a renowned American essayist, poet, and philosopher. He was a simple man who built his life around basic truths (Manzari 1). Ralph Waldo Emerson deeply impacted Thoreau’s viewpoints and philosophies, specifically by introducing him to the Transcendentalists movement. There seems to be no single ideology or set of ideas that entirely characterized Thoreau’s thoughts, but principles encompassing Transcendentalism come closest (Harding and Meyer 122). Spending time in nature and in solitude gave Thoreau an entirely new perspective on life. In fact, his doctrines regarding nature and the impact of the individual on society have transformed realms of political, social and literary history. Politically and socially, Thoreau’s