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Economic impact of the new deal
Effects of the great depression
Questions to be asked on social classes of the 1920
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The Great Depression, beginning in the last few months of 1929, impacted the vast majority of people nationwide and worldwide. With millions of Americans unemployed and many in danger of losing their homes, they could no longer support their families. Children, if they were lucky, wore torn up ragged clothing to school and those who were not lucky remained without clothes. The food supply was scarce, and bread was the most that families could afford. Households would receive very limited rations of food, or small amounts of money to buy food. This led to the starvation of families, including children. African-americans faced tougher challenges than most during the Depression due to discrimination. The classes hit hardest were middle-class …show more content…
This led to numerous viewpoints on the New Deal and Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Critics on the left begged for relief and an expansion of New Deal programs where, those on the right argued that the poor did not deserve their money because they didn’t prepare well enough prior to the Great Depression and that they would take advantage of it. Criticisms originating on the left side of the political spectrum range from pure anger to arguments that are more supported. The arguments of the poorly educated leftist critics are full of anger and express what they believe to be injustices. One writer criticizes President Roosevelt for suggesting that citizens try to live on seven cents per day. Roosevelt is also criticized for indulging in luxuries such as cars, airplanes, and vacations. The same writer also states that the Roosevelts, “have every comfort that the common people of our great nation is toiling to provide” (McElvaine, 186). There is a great amount of discontent among the poor regarding their treatment in New Deal relief programs. It is common during this period for welfare to not be distributed evenly. …show more content…
Due to severe discrimination in the South, aid from New Deal programs often did not reach blacks. Many blacks were also fearful for their life and the wellbeing of their families and refrained from signing their names when writing to officials and President Roosevelt. African-americans wrote letters to President Roosevelt complaining about conditions they faced when trying to participate in New Deal programs. One writer complains that, “som gets a little and some gets none” whenever a shipment of food arrives in the town (McElvaine, 83). Another african-american complains that provisions never reach them and that the officials in Georgia are using everything that is sent for themselves (McElvaine, 83). New Deal programs, such as the W.P.A., were supposed to provide work equally, but this was not the case. Jobs in the south were often given to whites over blacks making it nearly impossible for blacks to make a living. One writer criticizes the Works Progress Administration, a large part of the New Deal, and asks, “do the government insist on Jim Crow on the W.P.A. projects?” (McElvaine, 89). The Great Depression impacted everyone but the african-americans had to face poverty and discrimination
The New Deal affected Black American ethnicity because they were still being persecuted and American society was still looking down at this ethnic group because skin color was key factor during that time period compared to the capability. People further argued that the “New Deal” wasn’t a success because it did not end the depression fully. However, the laws that Roosevelt created and passed were sure enough to bring back humanity to the Americans.
...for their misfortune. The rich blamed the poor, the poor blamed the rich, the middle class blamed the blacks, and no one took responsibility themselves. One complaint most of these classes (with exception to the few that benefited) was the lack of success of the New Deal and other relief efforts. Whether the blacks had too much employment, or the poor were too lazy to receive aid, very few Americans appeared to be happy with Roosevelt’s solution. This didn’t stop his popularity. Many Americans stood behind their president rain or shine, depression or big boom. Regardless of their positions, these citizens who turned to the President in their time of desperation proved that the pen is truly mightier.
Having gone through severe unemployment, food shortages, and a seemingly remiss President Hoover, the American people were beginning to lose hope. But sentiments began to turn as FDR stepped into office and implemented his New Deal programs. FDR and his administration responded to the crisis by executing policies that would successfully address reform, relief, and, unsuccessfully, recovery. Although WWII ultimately recovered America from its depression, it was FDR’s response with the New Deal programs that stopped America’s economic downfall, relieved hundreds of Americans, reformed many policies, and consequently expanded government power.
Lingering and pervasive racism found in FDR's Cabinet, Congress, and New Deal administrators, contributed to a failure of the Administration's grand scheme to raise America's poor, particularly African-Americans, from the depths of despair. Harold Ickes, President Roosevelt's powerful Secretary of the Interior and the Administration's leading advocate for African-American relief, believed that the problems faced by poor blacks were inseparable from the pro...
Many African Americans gained new jobs and opportunities through the New Deals policies, “2,117,000 Negroes were in families receiving relief in the United States”(doc 16). Low-cost public housing was made available to black families, as well as other minorities who needed the economic relief. The National Youth Administration and the Civilian Conservation Corps permitted black youths to continue schooling and The Work Projects Administration gave jobs to many African Americans. The executive order of 8802 (doc 15) stated, “it is the policy of the United States to encourage full participation in the national defense program by all citizens of the United States, regardless of race, creed, color, or national origin, in the firm belief that the democratic way of life within the Nation can be defended successfully only with the help and support of all groups within its borders.” This order ensured African Americans that everything possible was being done to end discrimination in the workplace. Therefore, the willingness of the Roosevelt Administration to recognize the existence of a racial problem in American and how they managed to ameliorate that problem, was unprecedented. It made it clear that the federal government had a duty to ensure something was being done to end racial
One of the programs, which the New Deal instituted, was the Workers Progress Administration. The stated purpose of the Workers Progress Administration was to provide useful work for millions of victims of the Great Depression and thus to preserve their skills and self-respect. The economy would in turn be stimulated by the increased purchasing power of the newly employed, whose wages under the program ranged from $15 to $90 per month. Although this administration lasted only 8 years, it gave the understanding that a middle class American society would have to commence, for the economy to operate. The assistance, which was given to workers during the New Deal, was to be eroded by the Reagan administration.
...ncluded the racial and ethnic groups being ignored by previous adminstatration, nevertheless the south helped the New Deal welfare state to be moulded to only helping white Americans as the majority of black workers found themselves to the most venerable and less generous wing of the new welfare state. The federal government allowed states to set their benefits for blacks at extremely low levels and to determine eligibility standards which included moral behaviour as outlined by local authorities, this lead to widespread discrimination in the payment of benefits. African-Americans were the hardest hit by the Depression as they had an unemployment rate double that of whites, thus the majority of blacks were on direct government relief especially in the northern cities such as Harlem where half of the families received public assistance throughout the 1930s.
FDR enters the election with a strong, but not unbeatable, hand. The measures that FDR took during his first term in the White House didn’t produce prosperity. But they were able to pull the country out of depression and made sure that millions of people were better off than they had been when he first took office (Boller, P.240). Still the economy remained sluggish and eight million Americans were without jobs. At this election, he brought out the New Deal that would help all groups and firms. By this time Roosevelt had become the center of both passionate adoration and burning hatred. With millions of Americans support he had become more popular than the New Deal itself (Boller, P.240). Critics from various points on the political spectrum such as Father Coughlin and Dr. Francis Townsend had spent much of the previous two years attacking the President. They supported Representative William Lemke of the newly formed Union Party in the 1936 election (American President: A Reference Resource).
This came from unbalanced trade from 1934 to 1940 according to Folsom “much of our government spending during the decade went to prop up prices of wheat, shirts, steal, and other exports, which in turn because of their higher prices, made them less desirable as exports to other countries.” At this time FDR shifted directions and for a variety of reasons. First, while the economy was slightly improved and absolute despair had been vanquished, the Depression continued. The First New Deal, a relatively conservative approach which had attempted to work with a concentrated business sector, had failed to produce complete recovery and thus was easily abandoned. Secondly, the Supreme Court was beginning to strike down important pieces of the New Deal, including the National Recovery Administration and the Agricultural Adjustment Act. Finally, FDR perceived a significant electoral threat emerging from the liberal end of the political spectrum. While the Democratic party had done exceptionally well in the just completed elections, critics such as Huey Long, Father Charles Coughlin, and Dr. Francis Townsend were attracting more and more support by calling for programs far more liberal than those of the New Deal to date. In order to improve his chances of reelection in 1936, Roosevelt determined to co opt his liberal critics by supporting somewhat more liberal and anti-big business measures. Thus, the Second New Deal was
It seemed like there were a million people looking for jobs and begging for food. All over the nation was struggling during the depression, and jobs were harder to get than ever before. The Great Depression in America lasted from the 30’s to the 40’s, and it is still known as the harshest period that the people of the 20th century had to go through, ironically right after a golden age. The new deal did not end the depression but is still considered a success in certain measures. Some things are considered unnecessary, but there are some policies that did stay with us like the Social Security policy. The New deal is something that defiantly did help shape our nations politics for years, but is looked at differently by some.
However, although the New Deal changed the social welfare climate in America, it had some flaws. For instance, the New Deal mostly benefitted white Americans. The plans on the New Deal did little to help people of color. For instance, the Federal Housing Administration only further ensured the Jim Crow Laws of the time. Moreover, the labor assistance programs such as Works Progress Administration, did paid African Americans less than whites. FDR’s New Deal did nothing to aid people of color in their deleterious “discrimination
However, there is much skepticism and controversy on whether these work projects significantly abated the dangerously high employment rates and pulled the U.S. out of the Great Depression. The New Deal was a bad deal for America because it only provided opportunities for a few and required too much government spending. The New Deal did not notably benefit the majority of people. Walter Procter, in a letter to FDR, wrote, “The American worker – manual or brain – is not a dumb, brutalized self. He is a man.why should ‘opportunity’ mean only opportunity for the privileged few to exploit the helpless many?”
The era of the Great Depression was by far the worst shape the United States had ever been in, both economically and physically. Franklin Roosevelt was elected in 1932 and began to bring relief with his New Deal. In his first 100 days as President, sixteen pieces of legislation were passed by Congress, the most to be passed in a short amount of time. Roosevelt was re-elected twice, and quickly gained the trust of the American people. Many of the New Deal policies helped the United States economy greatly, but some did not. One particularly contradictory act was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was later declared unconstitutional by Congress. Many things also stayed very consistent in the New Deal. For example, the Civilian Conservation Corps, and Social Security, since Americans were looking for any help they could get, these acts weren't seen as a detrimental at first. Overall, Roosevelt's New Deal was a success, but it also hit its stumbling points.
The Great Depression wreaked havoc on the economy, and in light of this President Hoover and President Franklin D Roosevelt Both initiated programs and policies to counter act the effects, however both had very different approaches with varying degree of efficacy. Through their actions, the American people would generally perceive both men quite differently, and cultivated fear in direct respect to both men's approach--both men would earn their critics as the long term effects played out. Hoover and FDR had fairly opposite approaches to solving this horrid depression.
The New Deal Welfare Program brought about some programs during the time of depression that were helpful and some that cause issues. President Franklin Roosevelt tried to do everything he could to get provisions set up for the federal government to be able to offer help to those in need. Two of the programs that were put in place were the National Recovery Administration (NRA) and the Civilian Conservative Corps (CCC), which I will discuss both in detail.