UB was only struck in the back of the head; however, as a result of countercoup movement, bleeding appeared in multiple areas of the brain. U.B. was jogging when a large truck struck him. Therefore, he was in motion when was hit on the back of the head by the side mirror of a truck moving in the same direction as him. Thus, he experienced an accelerating TBI (Walker, 1997, p. 9). In a closed head injury, the primary head injury occurred where he was struck in the back of the head, the coup, and the place that is point opposite of where he was struck (contra-coup). In U.B.’s case, the coup is the occipital lobe and the brain stem, as he was struck by the truck mirror on the back of the head. The contra-coup is the frontal lobe. Therefore, when
A. Background In recent years, there has been an increase in research investigating the long-term effects of repeated head trauma on the brain, especially in athletes. Following his discovery of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), Dr. Bennet Omalu inspired a movement of research aimed at establishing better safety standards and protocols in football. It was not until 2002 that the initial connection between repetitive head trauma, such as concussions, and brain injury was suspected (Ott, 2015). As common as concussions were during the late 1970s and 1980s, they were often swept under the rug, as they were seen as insignificant injuries.
The first one is the direct mechanism, is when the athlete gets hit exactly in the head suffering the blow on impact. For example, Mia Ortiz she suffered from a direct mechanism injury, she hit her head in the floor after being push by the rival player. Her head made contact first to the head instead of any other body part. The other mechanism is the indirect injury mechanism, is when the hit to the head comes from another body part and injures the body. Such as, when I used to play soccer I suffered from hits to the head all the time. The worst one was when the rival player knee me in the face and I lost consciousness. The injury I suffered was indirect, because the hit was to the face no exactly to the head. “An athlete who is conscious and alert represents a less complicated case than does a player who appears to be unconscious and not breathing”(Pfeiffer 125). A concussion or a mild traumatic brain injury is divided in three categories mild, moderate, and severe. In the first category the athlete did not lost consciousness, and the symptoms of the hit only last less than thirty minutes. The second category the athlete lost conciseness for less than a minute, and the symptoms lasting more than thirty minutes but less than twenty four hours. In the last category the athlete lost consciousness for more than a minute, and the symptoms last more than twenty four hours. Depending on the symptom and evolution
Concussions are very common. In the United States alone 1.4 million people suffer from concussions annually (Schafer). Researchers studied fifty brains of people who have suffered from concussions t...
middle of paper ... ... While there is no neurobiological or neuropathological explanation as to why CTE occurs, the majority of researchers believe the disease is strongly related to previous head injuries. An individual suffering from CTE will most likely experience changes in their mood, behavior, and cognition. Because this is a relatively new area of research, there are still a vast amount of unknowns pertaining to the disease’s symptoms, pathology, and natural course.
An unnoticed fatal injury that countless athletes have experienced is a concussion. Many people have heard about concussions, but not about the underlying damage they cause the brain. A concussion is a minor traumatic brain injury that may occur when the head hits an object, or a moving object strikes the head. It can affect how the brain works for a whi...
In this article, “Heads up: Concussion risks prompt more soccer players to visit the ER” written by the Associated Press, the researchers express concerns about head injuries, specifically concussions. This article is directed towards soccer players aged from 7 to 17 and their parents and teaches how the concussions happen and the possible ways to treat them. This study is based on 25 years of evidence and shows the growing popularity of soccer and how it is causing more and more concussions each year. Just behind football, soccer has the second highest number of injured players. Contrary to prior belief, soccer concussions do not happen from head balls, but from when two players’ heads collide when jumping to head the ball. Concussions can be avoided though. Sports medicine experts are saying that tensing neck muscles can help prevent
The definition of a traumatic brain injury is damage inflicted to the head/brain due to an external mechanical force, for example falls in elderly people or road traffic accidents in younger people. A standardized approach to assessing the severity of the brain injury is advocated by the means of Glasgow coma scale (GCS). It is the universal classification system and it consists of assessing three categories; Eye, motor and verbal scales. The sum score ranges from 3 to 15. A score of 8 indicates a severe brain injury (Maas et al, 2008). Head injuries are often minor and not life-threatening. Majority of people with minor head injury will not get a subdural hematoma. However, one in three people with severe head injury will. (Willacy, 2011)
Traumatic brain injury or TBI occurs when a child has a head injury that causes damage to the brain. These injuries can be caused from being hit in the head or violently shaken. The results of TBI can change how a person’s brain develops, how they act, move, and think. It can also affect how they learn in school (NICHCY, 2012). TBI can affect the way a child thinks, retains information, attention span, behavior, speech, physical activities (which includes walking), and the way a child learns.
The only result from the testing consistent with a brain injury was the abnormal pupil response of the right eye (constriction) (Traumatic brain injury, 2015). The physical effects that could have pointed to a brain injury were the laceration to the right side of the gentleman’s head and the amount of blood loss. The complaints from the patient that may have insisted a brain injury included a severe headache, dizziness, and nausea (Traumatic brain injury, 2015).
The year was 2006. There was a mid-season game between the Philadelphia Eagles and the New Orleans Saints going on. Saints rookie running back Reggie Bush lined up in the backfield in preparation for the next play. The quarterback hiked the ball and threw a screen pass to Reggie; he did not see Philadelphia Eagles cornerback Sheldon Brown coming right toward him. The hit left Reggie stunned and he quickly got up and fell right back down (normally a sign of a major concussion). But the problem is not just occurring with current NFL players. Former players have not received the protection they deserve either. Lets look at former four-time Super Bowl champion, Mike Webster, a nine time Pro-Bowler. Mike played center for the Pittsburg Steelers.
In late October, Philadelphia Eagles star running back Brian Westbrook suffered a concussion in a game against the Washington Redskins. He sat on the sidelines for two weeks, recovering but when he returned to play on Nov. 15 against the San Diego Chargers, Westbrook got yet another concussion, putting his season and his career in doubt. Westbrook 's immediate re-injury raises the question: should he have been playing at all? And just how many football players are returning to play too soon after concussions, or not having the seriousness of their injuries recognized?
injuries from when the brain moves to much or becomes deformed from the impact or
My objective in the long term is to provide therapeutic and counseling services that assist persons suffering with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or acquired brain injury (ABI) in coping and recovering from the mental illnesses that often accompany such tragedies. TBI/ABI has shown a proven link with “anxiety, depression, personality changes, aggression (National Alliance on Mental Illness Veterans Resource Center May 8, 2009 Traumatic Brain Injury)”, as well as many other issues. As the caregiver for a survivor of a rare and deadly strain of encephalitis, I have a personal perspective that I feel brings much to the discussion. I see the information I am currently gathering at Empire State College as the building blocks that pave the way to a thrilling career in a growing segment of the mental health industry. The CDC claims that approximately 1.4 million Americans suffer TBIs annually (Centers for Disease Control Injury Center May 30, 2007 Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths) and it has been called the “signature injury” of the current wars in Iraq & Afghanistan by the National Alliance on Mental Illness. As such, it is my belief that we need to focus time and energy on developing new programs to help these patients to cope with the new limitations and encourage rehabilitation and restoration.
Open brain injuries involve a fracture or penetration of the brain, while a closed brain injury does not penetrate the bones of the skull. The movement of the brain may result in many injuries. (Why Helmets) On the other hand, a concussion caused by a blow to the head from falling or from an object striking the head, which makes it the most common cause of TBI. TBI stands for traumatic brain injury, which range from mild to severe and cause many different symptoms. (Stimola 25-26) While not life threatening, a concussion can cause many symptoms to the human body (Stimola 27).
Stocchetti, N., Pagan, F., Calappi, E., Canavesi, K., Beretta, L., Citerio, G., … Colombo, A., (2004). Inaccurate early assessment of neurological severity in head injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 21(9), 1131-1140. doi:10.1089/neu.2004.21.1131