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Difference between formal and informal justice systems
Formation of contract rules
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A contract is a legally binding formal agreement made between two parties or groups which can be in written or oral form (Uff, 2013). There are three main necessary required conditions for a binding contract to be formed which are; the intent to create a legal relationship between involved parties which can be decided through an objective test given the relevant facts, an agreement being made between both parties in accordance to the law by adhering to the rules of offer and acceptance and there must be consideration for this agreement, which looks at the contract in the form of a deal where goods are exchanged to provide benefit (Uff, 2013). However, it is also required that the person entering into the contract is of sufficient legal capacity. …show more content…
It also stated that an agreement was in fact made in the eyes of the law, with an offer being made specifically to those who acted upon the requirement that had been put in the advertisement and using the smoke ball in accordance to these terms constituted acceptance of said offer. The court also came to the conclusion that there was good consideration as more people buying Smoke bombs after seeing the advert was clearly beneficial to the company. This led to the carbolic smoke company losing the case and the court demanding them to pay Mrs. Carlill the …show more content…
It is known to be a very formal form of resolution, having specialist rules and requiring several documents to be produced which results in it being an extremely slow process that could take years. This process is inflexible and the relevant steps must be taken as the matter proceeds. Litigation tends to be an expensive process as a result of how long it takes to be concluded and leads to an unfriendly relationship between parties as they are effectively competing against each other (Uff,
You are the social media director for Tiblana Candle Company. Tiblana is a manufacturer and sells candles through partner retail stores such as novelty stores found in shopping malls, as well as big box retail and department stores, and online through sites such as Amazon.com. The company has a solid 20-year reputation for making popular household decor candles in a variety of scents and colors. Candles are sold in elegant, well-branded boxes. The primary customer base is women 30-45 years old (but Tiblana wants to start targeting women 45-60 as well). Tiblana’s CRM data shows that customers average eight purchases each over lifetime, very good for their niche. The company is profitable and growing.
The UK courts will have to be certain of the issues that would be referred, especially since the procedure is time-consuming and expensive.
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and traditional litigation are different types of ways to resolve legal matters. Traditional litigation can prove very costly and often times drawn out for lengthy periods. ADR affords companies the opportunity to resolve a legal matter in a reasonable amount of time and at times without the exorbitant cost of a trail. The case detailed in this paper is Kovalchick v. South Baldwin Hospital, which used traditional litigation, but reversed on appeal the hospital may want to examine the benefits of ADR.
Throughout the years there have been limitless legal cases presented to the court systems. All cases are not the same. Some cases vary from decisions that are made by a single judge, while other cases decisions are made by a jury. As cases are presented, they typically start off as disputes, misunderstandings, or failure to comply, among other things. It is possible to settle some cases outside of the courts, but that does require understanding and cooperation by all parties involved.
A contract between two parties must have certain element to be considered tangible or authentic. The element of the contracts will enclose guarantees that are enforceable and thus legal (Seaquist & Coulter, 2012). For a contract to be legal the promises include in the contract has to meet specific benchmarks. A valid contract simply means that it can enforce in the courts (Seaquist & Coulter, 2012). According to Seaquist & Coulter (2012) “a valid contract to be formed that is enforceable by a court, each of the following criteria...
Inevitably, there was a claim. Mrs. Louisa Elizabeth Carlill, on the faith of the advertisements’ claims, purchased one of the balls at her local chemist, using it as directed. Despite this, Mrs. Carlill contracted a cold. Her husband contacted the company, telling them how his wife had contracted the illness after using the product. The Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. in response, asked Mrs. Carlill to travel to them three times daily, for the 14 days required, in order to prove to them, directly, that she had been using the product sufficiently. Mrs. Carlill refused, having already used the product for the 14 days in the expected manner and proceeded to sue the Company for breach of contract (ABBOT 1892: 203).
There are three basic essentials to the creation of contract which will be recognised and enforced by the courts. These are: contractual intention, agreement and consideration.
Carbolic Smokeball Company refused to pay the promised reward and Carlill sued the company for damages arising from breach of contract. Judgment for hundred pounds was entered and the Carbolic Smokeball Company appealed. (Lawnix, 20...
Alternative Dispute Resolution or ADR refers to a number of various processes that can be used to resolve legal disputes other than by litigation. Recently, methods of dispute resolution which focus on arbitration, mediation and negotiation as an alternative to adjudication have gained notoriety. This notoriety may have been caused by the public perception that ADR methods are less expensive, more efficient, and more satisfactory than the normal traditional course of litigation. The goals of establishing these processes to resolve disputes as an alternative to more formal legal processes include: 1) to make the regular court system more efficient, less costly and more responsive to the needs of the litigants; 2) to offer alternative methods of dispute resolution in addition to the regular court system; and 3) to provide public education about the available alternatives.
ADR holds an extensive, easily influenced and diverging choice of processes for finding solutions to disputes which are personified by structured negotiation and consensus. It is regarded that arbitration is a familiar ADR technique, however, it is more of an official adjudicative and adversary technique initially a confidential litigation process which has more commonality to litigation than the more original consensual processes which symbolise ADR. As simplified by Angyal (Alternative Dispute Resolution, 1987, p. 11). "The key difference between ADR and those traditional techniques of litigation and arbitration is that ADR techniques are used to produce a resolution to dispute through a negotiated agreement while litigation and arbitration are processes by which a result is imposed on the parties. " We can say that many issues arise with terms.
The basic law of a contract is an agreement between two parties or more, to deliver a service or a product. And reach a consensus about the terms and conditions that is enforced by law and a contract can be only valid if it is lawful other than that there can’t be a contract. For a contract to exist the parties must have serious intentions, agreement, contractual capacity meaning a party must be able to carry a responsibility, lawful, possibility of performance and formalities. Any duress, false statements, undue influence or unconscionable dealings could make a contract unlawful and voidable.
A contract is an agreement between two parties in which one party agrees to perform some actions in return of some consideration. These promises are legally binding. The contract can be for exchange of goods, services, property and so on. A contract can be oral as well as written and also it can be part oral and part written but it is useful to have written contract otherwise issues can be created in future. But both the written as well as oral contract is legally enforceable. Also if there is a breach of contract, there are certain remedies for that which are discussed later in the assignment. There are certain elements which need to be present in a contract. These elements are discussed in the detail in the assignment. (Clarke,
One of the last remaining strongholds of classical contract law is the notion that contracts require offer and acceptance therefore, in order for a contract to become binding, offer, acceptance, consideration and intention to create legal relations must exist. However contracts are formed in different ways for each different circumstance. (Shawn Bayern, Offer and Acceptance in Modern Contract Law: A Needles Concept, 103 Cal. L. Rev. 67, 102 (2015)
A contract is generally considered to be an exchange of promises or an agreement between parties which in due course legally binds the parties; this can be enforced by the English Law. A contract is always, referred to the basic foundations of Contract Law, which refers to promises being kept amongst two parties. It is clear that all people make contracts nowadays and do not even consider for a moment that they are forming contracts; these can be formal or informal, oral or written.
2014). In the case of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co (1893) 1 QB 256, the company produced Carbolic Smoke Ball saying it can prevent from contracting influenza. They then advertised in newspaper telling that 100 pound will be given if people used this ball three times daily for two weeks as instructed and still caught influenza. Carlill bought and used the ball as instructed, however she still caught influenza. Hence, she asked for the rewards from the company. However, the company refused to pay and the issue was brought to court. According to court, Mrs Carlill was entitled to the reward as the advertisement was an offer made to everyone who saw it. Therefore, it was intended to be legally