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Brazil and Privatization
The earliest inhabitants of Brazil were the Indians. However, the country’s recorded history begins with the arrival of the Portuguese in 1500. The Portuguese sailor Pedro Alvares Cabral visited the continent we call South America, eight years after Columbus arrived in America. Portuguese settlers followed, calling the new colony Brazil, after the brazilwood tree that they extracted red dye from. The Portuguese did not bring prosperity and progress to the Indians. Instead, they unintentionally infected and killed thousands of Indians with diseases such as measles and smallpox.
The growing number of settlers spurred the exploration of Brazil. Frontiersmen called bandeirantes established Brazil’s claim to lands in the west. Their main purpose was to search for slaves and gold. They found gold in Minas Gerais in 1693, setting off a gold rush that drew thousands of settlers to Brazil’s center.
During the 1500s and 1600s, five million African slaves were brought to Brazil to work on the sugarcane plantations. The slaves did not submit willingly to their fate. Many escaped and formed independent colonies called quilombos. After Brazil gained independence, a movement to end slavery slowly grew. Slavery was abolished in 1888. Brazil was the last country in the Western Hemisphere to abolish slavery.
Brazil was declared independent of Portugal in 1822 and became republic in 1889. Since then the country has been run by democratic governments and by military governments. Brazil today is a democratic republic with a president.
In the 1950’s, extensive amounts of money were spent on building hydroelectric plants, highways and other economic projects. This set the stage for future growth, but also brought economic problems by putting the nation into debt. In the 1970s industry grew and provided thousand of jobs under military rule. The economy stopped growing in the 1980s and Brazil was unable to pay back its loans again. Frustrated by the debt and growing public discontent, the military handed power back to the civilian government in 1985.
Culture
Brazil has a huge range of music and dance styles. Brazil’s music, dances and instruments are developed from the blending of European, African, and indigenous Indian roots. The most famous dance is the samba, which is their national beat. An...
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...stry and keep up with the changing technology, the best way to optimize economy for their country is through competition.
Works Cited
Brazil Country Facts
1http://atheism.about.com/library/world/AJ/bl_BrazilFacts.htm?iam=momma_100_SKD&terms=%22brazil%22#people (2002)
Buttelli, Synara. Privatization.
2http://www.gwu.edu/~ibi/minerva/spring2001/synara.buttelli.pdf
Novaes, Ana. The Privatization of the Brazilian Telecommunications Sector.
3http://www.brasilemb.org/trade_investment/Ensa10_telecommunication.pdf (1997)
4 “Inter-American Trade” Published by the National Law Center for Inter-American Free Trade, Vol 5, N11, P1, May 29, 1998.
5 Werner, HM “Latin American Telecom Bursts Out of the Gate” Buyouts Vol 21 Issue 21, p26, 10/25/99.
The Privatization of Telecommunications in Brazil.
6 http://www.led.ufsc.br/~leslie/privatization/sec1.htm (1994)
7 “Sector Outlook – Telecommunications” Latin American Monitor: Brazil Monitor, Vol 21 Issue 10, Oct. 2004.
8 Costain, Meredith & Collins, Paul. Welcome to Brazil. South Yarra, Australia: Macmillan Education Australia Pty Ltd, 2000
9 Meade, Teresa. A Brief History of Brazil. New York, NY: Checkmark Books, 2004
Office of Industries, U.S. International Trade Commission.(2009).Export controls: an overview of their use, economic effects, and treatment in the global trading system. Retrieved from United States International Trade Commission http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/working_papers/ID-23.pdf
Because of the vast amount of Brazil’s resources, its history is veiled in European powers struggling to colonize the country. The last few centuries have been filled with the Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch fighting over the control of the land. However in the early 1700 the threat of outside European powers vanished and the colonization of the Portuguese was prominent. However, it wasn’t until the early 1800s that would lead to the nation of Brazil. As Napoeleon’s power spread across Europe, the Portu...
Brazil was and still is a country where the wealthiest live side by side to the poorest of the poor, conservative traditions exist side by side with extreme liberals, extreme beauty with grotesque ugliness, In an attempt to join these elements together the tropicalistas adopted many musical genres such as samba, frevo, Jovem Guarda, choro, bolero, Anglo-American pop and rock, and avant-garde art music, molding them all together to a single unit. The process the tropicalistas went through to create their songs has been called “cultural cannibalism” (Perrone, Dunn
When American lands, also known as the new world were being discovered, Brazil was being colonized by the Portuguese. On the other hand, British vessels were the first ones to arrive to North American lands. The British were the first to dwell on North American colonies.
Introduction Brazil is the largest and most populous country in South America. It is the 5th largest country worldwide in terms of both areas (more than 8.5 Mio. km2) and inhabitants (appr. 190 million).
The arrival of the World Cup and Olympics will serve as a catalyst for Brazil to gain the recognition it desires. As enjoyable and lucrative as those years of international exposure have the potential to be, they will ultimately be short lived and fleeting in long term impact, unless the Brazilian government uses the platform afforded to it to set up long term plans to establish the “Brazilian Brand” in foreign markets. No where is this opportunity more readily available to the Brazilian government and private sector than the African continent. Long standing associations between the population of Brazil and the western coast of Africa, through the slave trade and natural migration, form an organic connection between the two entities that isn’t found in any other region of the world. With a majority Afro-decendant population and the largest concentration of individuals of African decent outside of Nigeria, Brazil is uniquely situa...
Currently Brazil is going through an economic crisis. The government is abusing its powers, important political figures are accepting bribes, and economic corruption is
Brazil is far from being a paradise on Earth. There is still a lot to be done. But from the eyes of an expat, I can see clearer the results of continuous transformations in Brazil than my fellow compatriots who are living and experiencing every small change over time. I have seen more changes in education and health happening lately than during my entire lifetime. I grew up hearing from several sources that Brazil would some day be the "country of the future." I thought that I would not live to see this day. Today, I can say that we are closer to the promised "future" than we ever were. Brazil is not the same as it was ten years ago. This country can finally be proud to honor the words written on its flag - "Order and Progress."
In 1822, Brazil became a nation independent from Portugal. By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil has overcome more than half a century of military government to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development. With an abundance of natural resources and a large labor pool, Brazil became Latin America's leading economic power by the 1970’s. Brazil is located in Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean. It is slightly smaller than the U.S., with bordering countries Argentina, Bolivia, Columbia, French Guyana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
...ideas, however, including individual rights that were similar to what was in the U.S. Constitution. Slavery still remained legal though. Since Europeans had discovered Brazil, slavery had been its history. “The inability or unwillingness of Brazil to abolish this traffic… involved the empire in a bitter and protracted diplomatic controversy with Great Britain.” It was not until 1888 that slavery was abolished in Brazil and it was met with some opposition from major landowners and the military. In addition, Brazil outlawed slavery 25 years after the United States did in the Emancipation Proclamation.
Evidence of African roots are identifiable throughout Brazil. Brazil is the second most populated country of Blacks. Many different tones from mulatto to caboclo to black are present with culture that has flourished since African slaves first arrived to the country. The slaves that came to South America, brought their religion, gods, and music along with them, giving Brazil a cultural identity and a place among other nations. The profits of African slavery have allowed Brazil to gain capital and build a government based mainly on sugar exports. Although Brazil was the first to claim themselves free of racism, throughout history they often put slaves in even worse conditions than the US. Easy accessibility to import African slaves, meant that
In the current economic times the development and growth of any economy has come to a near stop or at least to a drastic slow down. The face of the global economic environment has changed and many new countries are starting to change the way their country and the rest of the world does business. One such nation is Brazil, who has turned around their own economic troubles and is becoming one of the fastest growing economies in the world (World Factbook). Brazil has started developing its economy and using the opportunity to achieve a level of respect in the world.
Background One. Tel was launched by Jodee Rich and Brad Keeling in 1995 (Cook, 2001). At first, it looked to get the advantages from deregulation of the telecommunication industry by reselling other network’s capacity and making money through stock market speculation. Rich and Keeling tried to increase the company’s shares rather than profit the company (Cook, 2001). Initially, One.
To better understand why samba represents the Brazilian’s national identity, one has to understand the history of Brazil and samba. Samba can be heard all throughout Brazil. It is a musical genre complemented by song and dance that includes a group of percussion instruments and guitar. The puxador (lead singer) starts the samba, occasionally singing the same song for hours at a time. The obligation of maintaining thousands of voices in time with the drum rests on his shoulders. Bit by bit, the other members of the escola (samba group) come in, and with a whistle from the mestre de bateria (percussion conductor) - the most exciting moment of the parade occurs as the percussion section crashes in. The surdos (bass drums) keep the 2 / 4 meter, while caixas (snare drums) and tamborins accent the second beat. This percussion ensemble, speak of as the 'bateria', frequently includes instruments such as the agogo (double bell) and reco-reco (scraper), as well as the prato, repique, pandeiro, tamborim, and ganzathe. The only stringed instrument is the great pitched cavaquinho (ukulele). Together these instruments combine to create polyrhythms that cross and align, contrast and reinforce with each other in an animated style less formal than marcha or maxixe. Couples often dance to samba in physically tight, close movements similar to the lambada and l...
Between 1680 and 1683, Portuguese colonists in Brazil established several settlements along the Río de la Plata opposite Buenos Aires. However, the Spanish didn't make any attempts to remove the Portuguese until the year of 1723, when the latter began fortifying the heights around the Bay of Montevideo. A Spanish expedition forced the Portuguese to abandon this site, and there the Spanish founded the city of Montevideo in 1726.