Bipolar Disorder is a serious and complicated mood disorder characterized by abnormal fluctuations between an individual’s high and low moods. Mania, Depression, Hypomania and Mixed Episodes are the predominant moods that can be identified in the different forms of Bipolar Disorder (GlaxoSmithKlein, 2007). The etiology, symptomology, and treatment for each mood and form of Bipolar Disorder vary as well. Moods can be identified by a person’s level of happiness, sadness, outlook on life and how he may physically feel (Mondimore, 2006). Patients struggling with Bipolar Disorder have difficulty regulating the euphoric highs of mania, the “black hole” feelings of depression, the “softer side” of hypomania and the incessant cycling of Mixed Episodes. With so many different forms of this mood disorder, Bipolar Disorder can be difficult to recognize and treat. The mood of Mania can be described as a person’s ultimate high. People in a manic state can sleep as little as two to four hours a night, get to work before seven o’clock in the morning and not leave the office until eight o’clock in the evening. After work, they can go out for drinks with coworkers until midnight. After a long day of work and socializing, they still have the energy to work more on other projects. The next day they can restart the same process, without feeling tired (Fieve, 2000). They have an abnormal increased amount of energy which allows them to work long hours on projects. The completion of many large projects creates an aura of overconfidence and grandiosity. People in a manic state are constantly filled with racing thoughts, causing a fast rate of speech. As one thought quickly leads to another thought, these individuals feel the need to act on every t... ... middle of paper ... ...tanding depression: What we know and what you can do about it. New York City: John Whiley & Sons, Inc. Fieve, R. (2000). Bipolar II: Enhance your highs, boost your lows, and escape the cycles of recurrent depression. New York, NY: Rodale, Inc.. GlaxoSmithKlein, (2007). Bipolar. Retrieved October 27, 2007, from bipolar.com Web site: http://www.bipolar.com/ Mayo Clinic Staff, (2006, November 17). Bipolar disorder. Retrieved October 27, 2007, from www.mayclinic.com Web site: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/bipolar- disorder/DS00356 Mondimore, F.M. (2006). Bipolar disorder: A guide for patients and families. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Mota-Costillo, M. (2004).Bipolar disorder and genetics: Beyond question. Psychiatric Times. 21. Wellman, N. (2007).Bipolar disorder. Primary Health Care. 17.5, 31-34.
-Healy David. Mania: A Short History of Bipolar Disorder. The John Hopkins University Press. Baltimore. 2008. Print
Bipolar Disorder (Formerly known as Manic Depression) is a mental illness linked to alterations in moods such as mood swings, mania, and depression. There is more than one type, Bipolar I and Bipolar II, and the subcategories are divided by the severity of the symptoms seen, such as cyclothymic disorder, seasonal mood changes, rapid cycling disorder and psychosis. Age of onset usually occurs between 15-30 years old with an average onset of 25 years old but it can affect all ages. (Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital , 2013) Bipolar disorder affects more than two million people in the United States every year. (Gardner, 2011)
Geddes, J. R., & Miklowitz, D. J. (2013). Treatment of Bipolar Disorder. The Lancet, 381(9878), 1672-1682. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60857-0
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong mood disorder characterized by periods of mania, depression, or a mixed manic-depressive state. The condition can seriously affect a person’s reasoning, understanding, awareness, and behavior. Acco...
The severe mood fluctuations of bipolar or manic-depressive disorders have been around since the 16-century and affect little more than 2% of the population in both sexes, all races, and all parts of the world (Harmon 3). Researchers think that the cause is genetic, but it is still unknown. The one fact of which we are painfully aware of is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational success. Because the symptoms of bipolar disorder are so debilitation, it is crucial that we search for possible treatments and cures.
Hopkins, H.S. and Gelenberg, A.J. (1994). Treatment of Bipolar Disorder: How Far Have We Come? Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 30 (1): 27-38.
Bipolar II disorder is a treatable mental illness that is often confused with Bipolar I disorder. The two are similar but still have many differences such as with Bipolar II it consists of two main symptoms, depression and hypnomania. The major difference between bipolar I and bipolar II is that with bipolar II the patient never reaches a full state of mania, rater they experience hypnomania which is a less elevated form of mania; where with the depression aspect of the disorder it can last much longer in bipolar II than in bipolar I. There are around 6 million people currently in the United States who suffer from some form of bipolar disorder yet most people don’t really have an accurate perception of what this condition is or how life is for those living with it.
Bipolar Disorder can be classified by the occurrence of manic episodes followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes. A manic episode is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, extensive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day. During the specific period of mood disturbance and increased energy or activity, many symptoms are present. Some examples of these symptoms can include: -Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, and are more talkative than usual (“Bipolar and Related Disorders, “n.d.). There is a 10- 15% risk of completed suicide associated with Bipolar Disorder (“Bipolar Depression”, 2)
Crowe, M. (2011). Feeling out of control: A qualitative analysis of the impact of bipolar
Although genetic factors are considered the most important for the development of bipolar disorder, “episodes that develop after the first one appear to be more heavily influenced by environmental stress, sleep disruption, alcohol and substance abuse, inconsistent drug treatments, and other genetic, biological, or environmental factors” (Milkowitz, 2010, p. 74). Patient M had already suffered two similar episodes of strange behavior and her family history includes mood disorders and states of depression.... ... middle of paper ... ...
...ve them of their inspiration and interfere with their creativity. It is a thorny, and relatively new, question, and Jamison merely outlines the controversy without offering an opinion on what should be done to rectify the situation, leaving the door open for further research. Mental illness in artists is a fascinating subject, and Jamison does an excellent job of providing a through portrait of many artists who have grappled with manic-depressive disorder, in addition to exploring how these disorders affect creativity and productivity. Jamison also maintains an awareness of the objections to her attempts to draw a correlation
“ It has a name now I know what it is“ ( gold pg 26 ) Manic depression also know as bipolar disorder, is classified as a type of disorder ( also called mood disorder ) that goes beyond the day’s ordinary ups and downs, and is becoming a serious medical condition and important health concern in this country. Manic depression is characterized by periodic episodes of extreme elation, happiness, elevated mood, or irritability, also called mania countered by periodic, classic major depressive symptoms. There are three types of manic depression: Major Depression or Clinical Depression, Bipolar Disorder or Manic Depression and Dysthymic Disorder.
Paris, J. (2004), Psychiatric diagnosis and the bipolar spectrum, in Canadian Psychiatric Association Bulletin, viewed on 28 March 2014, http://ww1.cpa-apc.org:8080/publications/bulletin/currentjune/editorialEn.asp.
Like every mental illness, there is no definitive evidence concerning the etiology of manic-depression, also known as bipolar disorder. The disorder is characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania and occurs in 1% of the population. The depressive episodes can range in severity from dysthymia to major depressive episodes. The major depressive episodes are classified as periods of at least two weeks in length during which sadness, lethargy, insomnia or excessive sleep, increase or decrease in appetite, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts are present. Dysthymia is the milder form of depression, during which suicidal ideation and attempts are not present. Manic episodes are of at least two weeks in duration and are characterized by euphoria, flight of ideas, grandiose delusions, pressured speech, increased activity, and insomnia. Manic episodes can also vary in intensity; the milder form of a manic episode is known as hypomania and can be distinguished from a full-blown manic attack by its lack of psychotic features and the lesser degree to which the individual is impaired. In addition, there can also be mixed episodes, during which both depressive symptoms and manic symptoms are present simultaneously. The various types of episodes can combine in several ways to form three separate disorders along the bipolar spectrum; bipolar I consists of manic episodes and major depressive episodes as well as mixed episodes, bipolar II consists of major depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes, and cyclothymia consists of dysthymic episodes and hypomanic episodes. Although individuals can obviously suffer from depressive episodes without ever experiencing a manic ...
Weisberg, Robert W. “GENIUS AND MADNESS? A Quasi-Experimental Test of the Hypothesis That Manic-Depression Increases Creativity.” Psychological Science (Wiley-Blackwell) 5.6 (1994): 361-367. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Mar. 2014.