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Carl jung eassy psychology and literature
Carl jung eassy psychology and literature
Carl jung eassy psychology and literature
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The Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung held the belief that archetypes served as models of personalities, people, and behaviour. He proposed that the psyche was made up of three (3) components: the ego (conscious mind), the personal unconscious (stores all memories, even suppressed ones), and the collective unconscious (contains all the knowledge and experiences shared by the human species).
Jung believed that archetypes existed within the collective unconscious, and suggested that these models are universal, hereditary and innate. Archetypes are unlearned, and serve to organize one's experiences.
Jung identified four (4) major archetypes, but also held the belief that there was “no limit to the number that may exist.” (psychology.about.com). These four archetypes are: the self, the shadow, the anima/animus, and the persona (other archetypes include: the hero, the child and the trickster).
The self represents the coherent whole resulting from the union of an individual's consciousness and unconsciousness. It is formed through a process referred to as 'individuation', within which the diverse aspects of personality are merged. Jung often depicted the self as a square, mandala, or circle.
The shadow consists of the life and sex instincts. The shadow is a component of the unconscious mind, and is made up of one's weaknesses,
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The anima is a feminine image within the male psyche, and the animus is a male image within the female psyche. They are the source of creativity, and represent the 'true self', as opposed to the image one presents to others. They are also the primary route of communication with the collective unconscious. The combination of the anima/animus is called the 'syzygy' or 'the divine couple', and symbolizes unification. Jung postulated that the development of the anima/animus commences with infant projection unto the mother, and projecting unto prospective partners until a lasting relationship can be
The different archetypes are the shadow, the mandala, the great mother, the transformation, the hero, the spiritual father, and the trickster. All archetypes were drawn from a part of what makes us human and hidden in our subconscious. Many of the characters in the film often play more than one character. An example of this would be Ben Kenobi seems to play the archetype of Luke’s father, then he also plays the archetype as an old, wise man.
archetype is very typical example of a person or a thing. Carlson’s most important characteristic
Psychoanalyst Carl Jung suggested all humanity is innately programmed with a set of primordial images as a collective unconscious. These primordial images, which he called archetypes, are buried deep in the subconscious until a triggering event brings them to the forefront. Artists, writers, musicians and p...
Furthermore, Campbell explained such patterns by using Carl Jung's theory of the collective unconscious, which he was strongly influenced with. Psychological organs that developed through the evolution, is the idea Jung gave of archetypes (Jung 81). To him they are recurring patterns, images and ideas which all humans inherited in their unconsciousness (Volgar 23). In addition, Campbell described his theory as a reoccurring cycle of pattern consisting of three phases: Departure, Initiation and Return, which he calls The Monomyth (Campbell 28), a deep inner journey of transformation that every hero must go through in order to grow (Voytilla vii).
Lindenfeld, David. "Jungian Archetypes And The Discourse Of History." Rethinking History 13.2 (2009): 217-234. Print.
Characters such as McMurphy and Nurse Ratched, exhibit many archetypes that better explain their unconscious actions. Carl Jung’s article on archetypes and Key Kesey’s characters perfectly correlate with the definitions of The Mother and The Anima Archetypes. For example, The Anima Archetype explains how, in men, that they tend to present forms of infatuation, idealization, and fascination with the opposite sex. In addition, in women, The Anima will radiate as a form of fate or destiny and stray away from the ideas of the conscious mind, which might be more possible or realistic. In the novel the protagonist, Randall McMurphy, develops The Anima Archetype when he bets the other patients that he can overcome the head nurse at the institution. The Anima developed because of his sudden infatuation with the nurse. This archetype explains the unconscious mind by verifying what McMurphy really feels involuntarily or naturally. Another Archetype that developed to justify the results of the unconscious is The Mother Archetype. Nurse Ratched, the lead nurse at the mental institute, display features of this archetype by setting up specific rules and regulations for the patients. In women this archetype shows love, care, and a diminishing expression of individuality. The mother tends to
Carl Jung was a Swiss psychologist and psychiatrist who developed many theories concerning the unconscious mind. Jung’s theories state that the unconscious part of a human’s psyche has two different layers, the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. The personal unconscious is unique to every individual; however, the collective unconscious “is inborn.” (Carl Jung, Four Archetypes, 3) The collective unconscious is present in everyone’s psyche, and it contains archetypes which are “those psychic contents which have not yet been submitted to conscious elaboration” (Jung, Archetypes, 5); they are templates of thought that have been inherited through the collective unconscious. Jung has defined many different archetypes such as the archetype of the mother, the archetype of the hero, the archetype of the shadow, etc. These Jungian archetypes are often projected by the collective unconscious onto others. If the novel A Prayer for Owen Meany by John Irving is examined through a Jungian archetypal lens it is possible to discern different archetypes projected by the protagonist’s unconscious self to illustrate the effects of the collective unconscious on character and plot analysis.
An archetype in literature is defined as a typical example of a certain type of person. A character in a poem or play can be placed into many different archetype categories. Archetypes help a reader to gain a better understanding of who a character in the work is on the inside. This deeper insight into the character allows the reader to follow the flow of the story easier and more effectively. There are many different archetypes that can help advance the story.
Discovering the meaning and significance of the archetypes in one’s dreams and the dreams themselves were a sort of process that helped lead the individual towards a God. The suffering and process of analyzing the dreams and manifestations of the archetypes was crucial to resolving one’s entire unconscious and thus being at peace with oneself. When this peace was achieved, it allowed the individual to further their religious experience. Jung believed that all humans had a natural religious function and the expression of their unconscious through archetypes and dreams was crucial.
Carl Jung wrote “The Archetype and the Collective Unconscious,” it defines unconsciousness as the first reactions and interactions a person endeavors. Several psychologist believe that the unconscious mind acts separately from our voluntary thinking, much is true based on the work of Sigmund Fraud with his id, ego, and super ego. Basically understanding the unconscious mind is key to determining what type of archetype a person may have or develop. Many social psychologist have also believed that the unconscious mind is unaware of it actions and that the unconscious part of our brain can be on something irrelevant to the conscious part of the mind. The unconscious mind can be seen through the understanding of Archetypes, which are universal thoughts or mental images that influence an individual 's feelings and actions. For example, if a person is expressing a female form they might have an anima due to the way they treat other people of the opposite sex. Anima’s generally either represent goddess like qualities or certain witch qualities that try to oppress the power of men. The female soul found in the anima can be seen as feminist when they refer to the rule of men and manpower. Effects of the anima can be use to explain several unconscious actions such surprize beatings. A man’s anima explains what he wants to see in a women and how he wants her to portray herself. However, when the
Jung divides the psyche into three major areas of analysis: the personal conscious, personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious. Jung credits the personal conscious with the creation of the “persona”. The
Jung's analytical psychology can be divided into two parts: theory and practice. The focus of this prose will be on the former, which pertains to the structure of the psyche and the laws of psychic processes and phenomena and includes his theories of archetypes and the unconscious (Jacobi, 1942; Jung, von Franz, 1964). His practice involved the inclusion of his theory in therapy and consisted of four methods: association method, symptom analysis, anamnestic analysis, and analysis of the unconscious (Jacobi, 1942). The goal of all four of these methods was to reveal the patient's unconscious to themselves as well as the therapist. Jung found that one of the easiest and most effective ways of revealing a patient's unconscious was through the actions of archetypes in the patient's dreams (Jacobi, 1942). However, Carl Jung's idea of archetypes was not an entirely original one. Literature suggests Plato’s Forms, Kant’s Categories, Schopenhauer’s Prototypes, as well as Greek mythology and symbolism heavily influenced Jung.
Some examples of archetypes are, the wounded child, the victim, the villain, the rebel, the savior, finding redemption, death, and the happy ending. Now that there is an understanding of what an archetype is we can look at four different archetypes in The Bell Jar.
The great psychologist-philosopher Carl Jung was briefly a student of Freud. Because Jung felt that Freud's approach to psychoanalysis was by far too narrow, he broke off from his teachings, and made significant contributions to mythological criticism. Jung's greatest contribution was his theory of archetypes. His proposal of archetypes argues that there is one original pattern or model of all things of the same type. According to Jung, beneath the personal unconscious is a collective unconscious that is in the psychic inheritance of all humans. Jung thought of the collective unconscious as a sort of memory bank that stores images and ideas that humans have accumulated over the course of evolution.
According to C. G. Jung, a Swiss psychologist-philosopher, every archetype can be designated as the shadow, the persona and the anima. The shadow, the persona and the anima are structural components of the psyche that humans have inherited; the...