Tobacco Control Policy in India: Annotated Bibliography
Neha Arora
20180373
February 8, 2018
Public Health Administration (PUBH3103:0)
Melissa McDonald
Tobacco Control Policy in India: Annotated Bibliography Arora, M., & Madhu, R. (2012). Banning smokeless tobacco in India: Policy analysis. Indian Journal of Cancer, 49(4), 336-341. doi:10.4103/0019-509X.107724
This article inspects how different enactments have neglected to adequately control or manage Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) like gutka, pan masala, mawa, etc. in India; therefore, there is a need to fortify SLT control in the life of Indian people. It also explained what are the issues and legislation of policies. Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh were first few
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Most of the cancer cases (head & neck) have tobacco use history. People from different sector of country protested against funding. Many initiatives were taken to control usage of tobacco in any form by canceling the licences of restaurants and closing liquor shops but the main issue is still need to resolve.
Kaur, J., & Jain, DC. (2011). Tobacco control policies in India: Implementation and challenges. Indian Journal of Public Health, 55(3), 220-227. doi:10.4103/0019-557X.89941
This article described the tobacco control legislation, national programs and some initiatives which were taken to control tobacco use. The main principle of the policy is to decrease the demand as well as production of tobacco. Many NGOs and research studies supported the tobacco cessation. Authors also lightened the success and the challenges to tobacco control as India is one of the largest consumer of this product.
Mishra, G. A., Pimple, S. A., & Shastri, S. S. (2012). An overview of the tobacco problem in India. Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, 33(3). 139-145.
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It touched the topic of economic values of tobacco industry for country that includes tobacco producers (farmers) and manufactures, with worth value of $1000 (2009). It also provided the estimated number of labor work in tobacco farming in India which is 3.5 million. Additionally, authors gave information on impact of taxes on tobacco use and discussed the areas those still needs to be concern.
Battle for tobacco control: The Indian experience. (2004). In K. S. Reddy., & P. C. Gupta (Eds.), Report on tobacco Control in India (204-227). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/fctc/reporting/Annex6_Report_on_Tobacco_Control_in_India_2004.pdf
Section 6 of chapter 6 in this report focuses on facilities provided by government of India like education on tobacco cessation, counter advertising in newspapers, radio and television. Meanwhile tobacco companies approaching different ways to tackle public by advertising on T.V., posters, public transport, Mobile Smoking Lounge and by giving free samples which is explained in detail in section 5. This report provides important information about the experience of Indians during banning of
Renneboog, R. M. (2016). Cigarette Smoking Bans: An Overview. Canadian Points Of View: Cigarette Smoking Bans, 1.
World Health Organization (2008). WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2008: The MPOWER Package. Geneva: World Health Organization.
There is clearly no way tobacco will never be outlawed but I believe there should be tighter restrictions on age limits throughout the world, and restrictions on the materials that are used in cigarette processing. Who is just letting cigarette companies continue to poison people and cause cancer risk? Throughout my essay I will analyze the affects of cigarette use on the society of the world and the elaborate corruption that keeps cigarette companies in business.
in only a few years time we will notice a drastic decline in the total
Smoking cigarettes is a detrimental practice not only to the smoker, but also to everyone around the smoker. According to an article from the American Lung Association, “Health Effects” (n.d.), “Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the U.S., causing over 438,000 deaths per year”. The umbrella term for tobacco use includes the use of cigarettes, cigars, e-cigs and chewing tobacco. While tobacco causes adverse health consequences, it also has been a unifying factor for change in public health. While the tobacco industries targets specific populations, public health specifically targets smokers, possible smokers, and the public to influence cessation, policies and education.
Every year cigarette smoking is responsible for 500,000 premature deaths (Nugel), you do not want to be just another statistic, do you? America’s first cash crop was tobacco. That means that tobacco has been around for a really long time. It was not until 1865, though, that cigarettes were sold commercially. They were sold to soldiers at the end of the Civil War (Dowshen). From then, cigarettes spread like wildfire, and it was not until 1964 that anyone made a stand about the negative effects of tobacco and cigarettes. People start smoking for all different reasons, some to fit in and some to “escape”. Regardless, it is a horrible habit. 3900 children will try their first cigarette today. Amongst adults who currently smoke, 68% of them began at age 18 or younger, and 85% at 21 or younger (American Lung Association). And of all those people, 70% say if they were given another chance they would never have picked up that first cigarette (Tobacco Free Maine). Smoking is responsible for 1 and 5 deaths in the united states, and is the number one preventable cause of death (NLH). Smoking burns and there is no doubt about that, but before one picks up that cigarette, understand the negative effects on not only oneself, but others affected by ones poor choices, like second-hand smoke. Because of smoking cigarettes, many types of cancer, decrease of life quality, and negative health effects have become all too common in the world today.
In 2000-2001, tobacco contributed 12% of the total excise revenue, with 90% of that being from cigarettes (Ban on Tobacco Ads by the Government of India, 2001). There are also 26 million direct and indirect employees of the tobacco industry, to get rid of the advertising would surely displace some from their jobs as sales would be affected by the lack of advertising and promotion. Even if those who are in favor of the ban argue that cigarettes only contributed 0.14% of India’s GDP, they cannot argue that banning advertising would result in many employees losing their jobs. It is also debated whether or not it is within the government’s right to place such a ban. The Canadian Supreme Court even stated, “The State seeks to control the thoughts, beliefs and behavior of its citizens along the line it considers acceptable. This form of paternalism is unacceptable in a free and democratic society.” (Ban on Tobacco Ads by the Government of India, 2001). Adult consumers are aware of the health risks and it is their choice to continue using tobacco products if they so wish. People are allowed to drink alcohol, which has health risks as well as the temporary impairment of judgment and rational thought, but it is legal and advertised; those in opposition of the ban question why one is being
Each year 440,000 people die, in the United States alone, from the effects of cigarette smoking (American Cancer Society, 2004). As discussed by Scheraga & Calfee (1996) as early as the 1950’s the U.S. government has utilized several methods to curb the incidence of smoking, from fear advertising to published health warnings. Kao & Tremblay (1988) and Tremblay & Tremblay (1995) agreed that these early interventions by the U.S. government were instrumental in the diminution of the national demand for cigarettes in the United States. In more recent years, state governments have joined in the battle against smoking by introducing antismoking regulations.
Tobacco use is a debate worldwide and everyone has their own opinions about the issue. This is such a controversial issue because of the many different health risks, weather it is beneficial or not, the harmful aspect, and its importance of an individual’s freedom. Tobacco has no general advantages towards someone’s health, as it destroys the lungs and can cause cancer anywhere in the body from all the carcinogens. In my opinion the production and sale of tobacco should be banned in the United States.
They argued that the ban was just a way to intervene in their private lives. They gave an example of the issue in Canada where the Supreme Court held that, "The State seeks to control the thought, beliefs and behavior of its citizens along the line it considers acceptable. This form of paternalism is unacceptable in a free and democratic society". The other argument was that if it were legal to manufacture and sell tobacco products, it should be legal to advertise it as well. The tobacco companies said that purpose of advertising was to help adults smokers chose between brands and that were irrelevant to non smokers. They also denied targeting teenagers and young people as a growth strategy. This was supported by a 1998 survey by the Indian Market Research Bureau (IMRB),.It was found that 49% of the respondents said they started smoking to see what it was like, 24% said 'all my friends smoke '; and no one said advertising had induced them to start smoking.. They also argued that the ban prevented only their products and not other products like ‘beedi’ and ‘ghutkas’ which accounted for 84% of the Indian Market. They also argued that the ban on the domestic players it senseless when the foreign magazines that sold in India and the television channels that were uplinked from foreign countries carried advertisements by cigarette multinationals. They gave an example of Marlboro, which sponsored Formula I racing because it very popular
Although it is beneficial for the economy for the production of tobacco products, it is extremely risky to use the product. According to researchers, second-hand smoke is terrible for everyone in the world who walks by someone who is exhaling. In the article by Robert Proctor “Why ban the sale of cigarettes? The case for abolition” states that cigarettes are the “most deadly object in the history of human civilization”.... ...
Tobacco consumption in India is extensive and an inherent tradition. In spite of the government’s execution of several measures, comprising smoking bans and high tobacco taxation, the smoking prevalence has remained more or less consistent since the 1990s. Smoking is considered to be quite fashionable, especially among youngsters. Most consumers of tobacco have addicted to the habit before reaching the age of 18-years-old. While smoking has always been socially acceptable in India, the bulk of it is consumed in the form of bidis. With growing disposable incomes, still, consumers are estimated to shift to cigarettes. Cigarettes are deliberated to be fashionable and young executives smoke them to fit in with their peer group. With rapid urbanization and increasingly hectic and nerve-wracking way of life. Smoking is seen as a way to relive
It is recorded that trillion rupiah has been contributed by tobacco industry. Banning tobacco advertisement, promotion and sponsorship, tighten supervision of retail shops, impose high taxes to tobacco products and expand smoke free zones in future will have different effect to some actors in the field. At least there are three actors which involved, which are tobacco companies, government, and citizens. For tobacco companies, these policy will affected companies’ sales. Tobacco companies argue that tobacco industry play an important role in national’s economy, therefore if all public relation activities related to tobacco products will be banned completely, the tobacco industry might be economically harmed by the bans such as the possibility of bankruptcy if there is a decrease in their profit, which led to massive unemployment. Then, bans on tobacco advertisement, promotion and sponsorship will lessen government burden in economic. Compare to economic loss or healthcare cost as a result of tobacco use, these loss is much higher that revenue which government received from tobacco excise, which only reached IDR 103.53 trillion 2013 (Research and Health Development Body 2014). Lastly, it will affect citizens’ behaviour by discouraging them to buy smoke. In addition, government position seems unwillingly or in dilemma position to enact a strict policy such as imposing all tobacco advertisement, promotion and sponsorship because potential benefits which might loss if harsh policy will be implemented in
According to (Mackay, 2002), rapid increase in tobacco consumption and its spread around the world represent a great concern to public health both globally and at the national level. Tobacco is the second major cause of death in the world and the fourth most common risk factor for disease worldwide; it kills 4.9 million persons per year therefore it weighs heavily on the health care system of countries. Tobacco undermines the wellbeing of populations. The cost of treating tobacco-related illness is very high, not only in the governments but also to individuals and their families. In addition, the diseases and deaths that result from tobacco consumption impose great suffering and grief on the close family of the tobacco user, effects which are exacerbated by poverty.
Consequently, tobacco which contains many harmful chemicals damages human beings’ health day by day. Although people are aware of the bad effects of smoking, they still smoke for one reason or another. When the current situation is considered, it is clear that smoking which has been spreading all over the world is not only the problem of a country or a territory but the problem of mankind because smoking brings many disadvantages for humans like diseases. I personally believe that it is important to help children remain lifelong non-smokers because they are our hope for a non-smoking future.