Cassidy Phillips 4/23/14
University Biology Genetics Annotated Bibliography
Chakraborty, Riddhita. “How Much do Genes Affect Your Athletic Potential?” Sports ‘n Science. The University Of Utah, 2012. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.
Source: http://sportsnscience.utah.edu/how-much-do-genes-affect-your-athletic-potential/
Research at the University of Utah in sports science has recently discovered just how much genes effect one’s athleticism. We all have two copies of each gene, one from each of our parents. If one of the copies are bad, for example, in carrying oxygen in the blood, that person will probably struggle more with running and other aerobic activities. Some “sports genes” that have been discovered are ATCN-3 which provides high-velocity movement in people, and ACE which controls the blood flow through the circulatory system. Most great athletes have two good copies of those genes. Some national team coaches find it useful to send athletes trying out for their team to have genetic testing done to see if they carry the genes useful to that particular sport. I think that that isn’t really fair to many athletes that may not be lucky enough to have good athletic genes. I can relate to this study because I play softball and field hockey, and I certainly believe that I do not have two good copies of the gene ACE because I tend to lose my breath very quickly.
Sanders, Laura. “Babies cry at night to prevent siblings, scientist suggests.” Science News. Human Development, 22 Apr. 2014. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.
Source: https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/growth-curve/babies-cry-night-prevent-siblings-scientist-suggests
David Haig, a scientist at Harvard University, recently discovered that babies who cry ...
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...ok of Genetics. New York City: The Lyons Press, 1998. Print.
Dr. Wilmut’s cloning of Dolly the sheep from an adult ewe has been sharply challenged by Dr. Norton D. Zinder, a microbiologist at Rockefeller University. Zinder believes that it is possible, however there is simply not enough evidence to prove it. It was noted that the cloning of the sheep was only successful a mere 1 out of 400 times, which, in science, is not a successful result according to Zinder. Dr. Wilmut also failed to mention that the sheep from which Dolly was cloned had died many years prior to the cloning which is a huge red flag in the credibility of the success of this experiment. I definitely believe that this cloning experiment was unsuccessful. I am very interested in cloning, and find it very awesome that you can take the genes of one mammal and create an exact replica.
Finny and Gene were two very contrasting characters who both had their flaws, but in the end one was stronger than the other. On one end of the spectrum, Gene was associated with the traits of bitterness, hate, jealousy, secrecy, and he was a very loathing person. And on the other end, Finny was a light-hearted, good spirited, young, optimistic character. Gene throughout the book developed and changed extensively, and in the end came out the stronger character. Finny was definitely a crowd pleaser, but, Gene was the more solid and strong of the two because of his massive changes, making him a dynamic character.
Epstein's Sport Genes is more about how a boy named Thomas was born with a bigger Achilles tendon and Epstein thinks that the tendon does all of the work(Epstein,7). As you can see theses both are very complex option. However, even over all this Gladwell does provide more evidence. In Outliers Gladwell states that there were three classes and each one of them practiced different hours, and they saw a real change(Gladwell,12). The one that seemed to practiced more the more they accelerated in class and better they got at playing violin. Forthwith, this is factual evidence from a real-life story which proves practice makes it possible to actually improve your performance. In Sport Gene it talks about a boy named Thomas which was born with an enhanced achilleas tendon which allowed him to jump higher than most of the team(Epstein,6). He went on to compete, barley winning coming close to second although a trained jumper about beat him. This proves that training can allow you to surpass a prodigy because if he trained a little more he would have been able to surpass a person like
Trivino claims gene doping is the main purpose is to improve the physical performance of athletes. Gene doping is on the list of banned substances, it is in the same category as anabolic steroids. Gene doping is an unfair way for an athlete to physically perform better because they don 't have to work as hard as other that work their butts off to be able to perform at that level. It is very similar to anabolic steroids because the use of the steroids gives that person a greater amount of strength without working for it. Not only does gene doping gives the athlete an unfair advantage to their physical abilities, but also has many cons that could put the individual 's health at risk. Wells states, “Risks associated with gene doping fall into two main areas. Firstly, the product and the procedures for delivery of the product carry risks. Secondly, the uncontrolled expression of the genes may in themselves be harmful” (627). Wells believes, that gene doping can be harmful and has many unknown risks on the effects gene doping will have on an individual 's body. I believe that gene doping shouldn 't be
Before Dolly the cloned sheep made news headlines, the same researchers had only the year before raised seven other sheep from oocytes whose nuclei had been replaced with nuclei from either fetal or embryonic tissue.1 This created a minor stir as this is the "first report to [their] knowledge, of live mammalian offspring following nuclear transfer from an established cell line."1 The implications of this is that they have provided techniques to analyze and modify gene functions in sheep (By providing clones of the same sheep).1 The key to their success is the "serum starvation" that the donor cell undergoes, to force the donor cell into a 'quiescent' state, so that it is not replicating its DNA or dividing. This possibly makes the nucleus more susceptible to re-programming by the recipient egg cell.
Sandel explores the immoral nature of genetic enhancements through their potential use in athletics, creating “Bionic Athletes.” The world admires athletes for their expression of great skill in their resp...
Each year athlete’s ability to perform seems to increase by leaps and bounds. Some reasons for this can be attributed to better training methods, better conditioning techniques, and better over all health of the athlete. While most situations involve one or more of the previously scenarios, some athletes always seem to take it to a step further. They engage in a process called blood doping. This procedure does increase physical performance and athletic ability, but potentially may do more harm than good.
Professor: Good morning class! I am sure that you all have heard about the recent scientific discovery in the process of cloning. If not, allow me to fill you in on this current controversial scientific discovery. Last week, a Scottish scientist named Dr. Ian Wilmut from the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, successfully cloned an adult sheep. I said adult sheep because scientists already have the ability to clone sheep and calves, for farming purposes, from undifferentiated embryonic cells. Is there any questions so far?
Cloning is a recent innovative technique the National Institute of Health defines as a process employed to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity. Depending on the purpose for the clone, human health or even human life can be improved or designed respectively. “Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is the most common cloning technique. SCNT involves putting the nucleus of a body cell into an egg from which the nucleus has been removed."^1 From this technique, an embryonic cell is activated to produce an animal that is genetically identical to the donor. Today, human cloning still remains as a vision, but because of the success of Dolly, the lamb, researchers are becoming more confident in the ability to produce a genuine
Since 1885, there have been a number of researchers, scientists, geneticists, reproductive technologists and embryologists, such as August Weismann, Hans Spemann, Walter Sutton, Paul Berg, Steen Willadsen, et al., who have contributed much to the research and development of our current concepts of cloning. Particularly two of the more recent renowned contributors to cloning research and experimentation are Ian Wilmut, a Ph. D. in animal genetic engineering, and Richard Seed, who founded Fertility and Genetics in the 1980s.
...ly praised, but science that interferes with the creation of human life is seen by many as entirely different. People are still unsure as to whether or not and to what extent scientists should be involved in such a realm. This is, in fact, the prevailing view. Consequently, the field of human cloning has been shaped by these attitudes. At present, human cloning both nationally and internationally is essentially an unacceptable practice. Whether scientists such as Richard Seed will be successful remains to be seen, but the consensus seems to be that the world is not yet ready for full-blown human cloning. Accordingly, efforts have been made to impede the scientific process and to push human cloning into the distant future.
Ever since the successful birth of Dolly on July 5, 1996, the scientific community as well as the public have been engulfed in the idea of reproductive cloning, its benefits, and its potential threats. This well-publicized event was a giant steppingstone in understanding and using the techniques of gene cloning and reproductive cloning. By using a technique known as Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer, scientists at the Roslin Institute removed the nucleus from an oocyte (unfertilized egg), and then fused this newly enucleated cell with a donor cell (with complete nucleus). This new embryo was then implanted into the womb of a surrogate mother ewe. In total, out of 277 fused cells, 29 successfully developed into embryos, while only one of these resulted in a successful live birth (a total success rate of 0.4%) (Wong, 202). Dolly was the first living mammal to be cloned by this fast and accurate process of somatic cell nuclear transfer, but was by no means the first animal to be cloned. The first...
Imagine living in a society where the ideology of human cloning is accepted. Envision being able to practice the procedure of taking a genetically identical copy of a biological entity and copying it to create an exact replica of the same genetic makeup. Today, in the field of genetics and developmental biology, the American Medical Association (AMA) has defined cloning as “the production of genetically identical organisms via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)”. The idea of cloning surfaced in 1997 when Dr. Ian Wilmut, a British scientist, successfully cloned a sheep named Dolly. This turned the scientific world upside-down and was a prodigious success in the advancement of biotechnology. The success of the experiment was the starting point to animal cloning and further progression of cloning in general. In bioethics, the dissimilar notion of human cloning has been a very controversial yet sensitive issue which essentially questions the morals and principles of cloning as well as the merits of Science and Biology. Due to the breakthroughs in science, researchers have made outstanding advancements in biological science; however, the ideology of cloning is still a strong provocative issue. It not only provokes worry on the ethical issues and concerns of the use of biotechnology, but it also promotes the question is contemporary artificial cloning justifiable?
---. “Animal Cloning—How Unethical Is It?- Final Draft.” UTSA: WRC 1023, 7 Mar 2014. Print.
Tension of whether or not to ban cloning has occurred in a long period of time. Since 1998, Controversy about whether to ban the procedure of applying human embryonic stem cells, a method classified as therapeutic cloning has spread around the world. On the other hand, cloning through reproductive cell has been considered illegal in many nations. Practices of catholic stated, that human cloning is disrespect toward God himself. This causes many political leaders to make tenacious decision (Bellomo). In July 5th, 1996; the date in which a sheep named dolly was successfully cloned from an adult sheep gene. Dolly was cloned using somatic stem cells (body cells, or any cells other then...
Such a furore was created when the birth of Dolly the sheep; the first successfully cloned mammal, was announced to the world in 1997, that the scientific community was gasping for air. Time and space seemed to have come to a virtual standstill as scientists vigorously, not to mention obsessively, hypothesized the cosmic future potential of Dr. Wilmut's team's revolutionary breakthrough in the dynamic realm of science. The euphoria of the moment, it seems, took some time to settle before scientists began to unravel the possible detrimental ramifications of the discovery. Have Dr. Wilmut and team then generated a scientific miracle on one hand, while opening a Pandora's box on the other?