Annotated Bibliography On Genetics

When athletes compete for excellence in sports, the use of steroids or other supplements often times may be a cause for disqualification in a sports event. Many athletes today subscribe to the idea that steroids should be allowed in sports competition. They admit that steroid and supplement use enhances natural athletic ability and endurance and, thus, promotes athletes to perform better in competition. These same athletes are convinced that doctors and the government advance the “side effect” argument mostly as a scare tactic to preserve the “purity of athletic competition. Is there enough research to support the dramatic effects of steroids on sports performance and the side effects that could ultimately lead to a death sentence?

Cloning should not continue because it can be dangerous for a number of reasons and is not morally or socially appropriate, except in cases where it could save the life of a human being. Cloning can have all kinds of dangers. One type of danger that can result from cloning is medical dangers. The first cloned sheep named Dolly died at half of the lifespan of a naturally born sheep. She suffered from arthritis and lung cancer (Williams 1 of 2).

2014. Miah, Andy. Genetically Modified Athletes: Biomedical Ethics, Gene Doping, and Sport. New York: Routledge, 2004. Sauter, Edward R. “How Genetics and Environment Contribute to Athletic Prowess and Compensation for Disease Deficiencies.” AMAA Journal.

As for cloning, the only clone is 'Dolly' the sheep, who was genetically duplicated from a complete set of adult chromosomes. Scientists have been unable to repeat the experiment, so many of them question its validity. There are advantages to genetic engineering; despite the fact we are more informed of its possible dangers. These advantages are mainly known in the advantages of genetically modified crops (or GM foods). Plants can be produced that are resistant to plant diseases (like fungi) and animal pests (like insects).

Recent research has proven that his evidence is not credible and there is no correlation between vaccine shots and Autism. Many parents are still convinced that immunizations cause Autism since Andrew Wakefield published the article stating this theory. He has since been discredited and it was recently discovered that the article described false evidence. It is crucial to trust the medical claim that there is not a connection between Autism and immunization shots and continue to protect ourselves and our children from these life-threatening diseases such as Measles, Chicken Pox and Pertussis. The death rate from Measles, Chicken Pox and Pertussis was much higher prior to 1930, when immunizations were discovered and children were inoculated with the anti-virus shot.

Scientists say that they see some sort of genetic problem almost every time they clone and they do not know what is wrong with the cloning process, or why the cl... ... middle of paper ... ... not have enough room to develop in the uterus. Cloned animals have nearly always had some sort of obvious defect, and the ones that do not look normal almost always are not really normal. Also, there are 30,000 genes and the chances are extremely small that an egg cell would reprogram all of these genes correctly (Kolata 1). As a result, the clones are not normal. Because of all of this, cloning should be made illegal.

Many people are looking for a quick way to build muscles, or to get stronger the fastest way possible. Using these performance aids may very well be a quick fix for many athletes, but taking the drugs is unethical and dangerous. Using special drugs to boost an athlete’s performance is degrading to sports and to the athlete, but after they stop using the drugs and lose some strength, you become trapped in the steroid cycle. Steroids were developed in Europe around 1930 to treat undernourished and healing patients after surgery. Steroids are a synthetic version of the human hormone called testosterone.

To start the developing of the eggs they were shocked with electric pulses; twenty nine of the 277 of these eggs began to divide. The eggs, at that point were implanted into adult female sheep; thirteen of which became pregnant, and only the one of 277 eggs were born - Dolly ( Wilmut 1). Long term prospects of mammal cloning remain in question. this is no where near clinically acceptable for experimentation on humans. In the months following the news of Dolly, President Clinton requested, “ a through review of the legal and ethical issues associated with the use of this technology... with recommendations on possible federal actions to prevent its abuse” (Shermer 1).

It's been proven that athletes performance have increased due to steroid use, thus many young athletes are following these steps taken by their idols. Therefore, steroids have brought to many users painful effects and in some cases even death. Background Information In today's sports world, many aspect of playing a sport have been innovated for the great cause. Though one thing that damages the sport is the... ... middle of paper ... ...ford to pay for their youth to go to university. Getting a scholarship is one of the ways”(1).This being important because the parents in many cases pressure the teen to excel in sports and sometimes hard work and dedication doesn't function and then resulting in most cases for teens to choose the method of using steroids.

For instance, anabolic steroids can be prescribed to treat conditions resulting from not having enough testosterone in the body such as delayed growth and puberty. It can also be prescribed to treat conditions such as loss of muscle mass from diseases like cancer and AIDS. (DrugFacts: Anabolic Steroids) Unfortunately, there are also many people , especially athletes, who inject themselves with steroids illegally, without a prescription from a doctor, in order to enhance their performance in sports and in appearance by increasing their muscle mass. However, what many of these people don’t realize or just simply ignore is that there are many side effects to steroids and that the negatives heavily outweigh the positives. Although steroids a... ... middle of paper ... ...ity has to be questioned as they cheated to enhance their performance.