1. In his essay “Anarchical Fallacies,” Jeremy Bentham argues that “Natural rights is simple nonsense: natural and imprescriptible [i.e. inalienable] rights, rhetorical nonsense,—nonsense upon stilts.” Bentham will eventually conclude not only that these ideas are meaningless, but also quite dangerous. How does Bentham support these conclusions.
Anarchy
When one thinks of Anarchy they will immediately think of destruction and chaos. Of course, one who knows the beliefs of Anarchy will know otherwise. Anarchism is a political philosophy that upholds the belief that no one should be able to coerce anyone and no society should contain a wide variety of groups who coordinate social functions. It is the opportunity to live the life that you decide is best for you. In the eyes of Anarchy, government is corrupt and the people of society should govern themselves.
have regard for another man’s well-being. Just like the duty to self-preservation, this principle may
...and “shame”. Being able to develop this values will build a character strong enough to control your temper in hard, circumstantial situations, and what’s even more important, itll guide you through the correct path between choosing whats best vs. what’s the right thing to do.
In George Orwell 's "Nineteen Eighty-Four," the main storyline revolves around a dystopian society whose self-thought has been corrupted by an over empowered governing body. Orwell’s intention was to bring Hitler’s ideas to life. Smith is a middle-aged frail man who is ambivalent towards his government, however is unable to resist the strength of the indoctrination he has been subjected to, during the entirety of his life. As the reader progresses through the novel, ideas of totalitarianism are illustrated throughout the story via Smith’s internal and external conflicts with his government. It quickly becomes apparent that there is an uncopiable amount of government power which is something that is seen as early as the second paragraph. Propaganda
The novel, Nineteen Eighty Four, by George Orwell depicts the profound effects of totalitarianism in a society. Just a few pages into the novel, I immediately began to envision this bleak world that Orwell envisioned through the eyes of the protagonist, Winston Smith. I was engrossed by Winston’s story because of the numerous characteristics I shared with him. Furthermore, these characteristics which range from his undying wish to express his individuality to his willingness to rebel against the oppressors, helped me understand the harsh oppression that the totalitarian party, Big Brother, and the Thought Police instituted. As I continued to read I began to relate the novel to my society. I realized that the very thing society depended on, the government, could make negatively impactful decisions at any moment they see fit. George Orwell’s totalitarian depiction of the government in 1984 helped me realize this because it showed me just how easy it was for governments to brainwash a society that has already entrusted them with the right to rule. For instance, the grasp of the Big Brother regime in the society was so profound that some believed a “thoughtcrime,” which the novel describes as a crime for having any thought that creates individuality, does not “entail death: thoughtcrime is death”(19). This idea that the human spirit may not always prevail, that the will of a government could control the will of individuals, was an echoing wake-up call for someone like me who believes in the power of individuality and freedom of thought.
Latter-day Libertarianism
In the LDS church selflessness and generosity are advocated over the pulpit and throughout the scriptures. We learn what the ideal society looks like -- no poverty, no classes, just people living in harmony with each other and God. It sounds beautiful and the spirit inspires us to emulate it. Furthermore we learn that certain things are wrong in the sight of the Lord – homosexual acts, addiction, gambling, etcetera, and that such things are to be avoided.
The Decline of Aristocracy in The Communist Manifesto
The decline of aristocracy in The Communist Manifesto began with Karl Marx’s statement, “The history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggles. ”1 Marx recognized the ideals of the social rank, which has influenced every society throughout history. The two social classes described by Marx were the Bourgeoisie, or the upper class, and the Proletariats, or the lower class.
The Party desires to control every aspect of Winston Smith’s life; his work, ideologies, attitude, thoughts, appearance, everything. The Thought Police, Big Brother, and Ingsoc are embodiments of everything that author George Orwell hates in government. 1984, a book written by Orwell, depicts a society called Oceania, in which unwary citizens are obedient to the Party, a totalitarian regime. Totalitarianism is defined as a political system in which a centralized government does not tolerate any form of political dissent and seeks to control many, if not all, aspects of public and private life. Another one of George Orwell’s books, Animal Farm, is an allegory about the Soviet Union, and in it farm animals subscribe to a belief system, akin to Marxism, called Animalism. Eventually the Pigs take over the farm, with one of them, Napoleon, as their leader. They rule the farm with an iron fist, utilizing the fact that the other farm animals are far less intelligent than them. “Harrison Bergeron”, a short story created by author Kurt Vonnegut, is about the United States in the 2080s, where people are equal due to devices that handicap their strengths. The dynamic, god-like character, Harrison Bergeron, is able to break free from his handicaps, but in the end is killed by an executive within the US Government. The authors of these novels and stories, George Orwell specifically, display their distaste for totalitarianism through the fictional governments that they create, the ways in which they depict these governments to be the villains, and their characters’ desire for a better life.
However, three ethical decisions that this learning will make after viewing the film is to always assist individual to the best of your ability, despite personal issues with loved ones or friends; next, always report crimes, no matter the consequence they may have; and last but not least, stand up for what’s right, even if it leads to misfortune. The pros of each of these decisions is peace within yourself. However, one of the cons is dealing with negative pressures. For example, when you report a crime, you may be summoned to court, and have to deal with the negative criticism.