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The causes and effects of racial profiling in law enforcement
Racial profiling in law enforcement essay
Racial profiling in law enforcement essay
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Alan M. Dershowitz states in his thesis that he supports having a national identity card with a chip that can match the holder’s fingerprint. He states that having a national identity card with a chip can be an effective way of preventing terrorism and reduce the need for other law enforcement mechanism like racial and ethnic profiling. The evidence he provides is that we are already required to have photo ID’s for driving, drinking, and flying. The majority of Americans already carry on them their photo ID’s so it would not be an inconvenience to have to carry another photo ID. Alan then states that the way to combat any fear people of the government being too intrusive is by having only specific government officials ask to see your national
Philip Roth is the most prominent American novelist in American literature. His book, “Portney’s compliant” is one of the most important literatures for the ethnic group in the world especially for the Jews in America. According to Prof. Sasha Senderovich “Philip Roth’s book is the bible for the Jewish people.” (Lecture). Through the practice with cultural tradition and try to assimilate with the gentile world, Roth reveals his gloom with complain to his psychiatric, Dr. Spielvogel to free from orthodox Jewish tradition in the American society. Inversely, through goy’s behavior, lifestyle, food, and their anti-Semitic psycho, dragged up him back to his tradition. Therein, the juxtaposition between two cultures fabricates him with an enormous confusion and he felt rootless about his identity and end up with his complaint to the doctor. However, the experience of Alex life, established a statement that, “being minority in a society, for the first or second generation,
National ID cards are applicable in countries all around the world, however, we can say that there exists a huge debate about their purpose and implications that it may provide. This debate has been around for as long as ID cards have been issued, due to different perspectives that people have towards them. For this reason, we have 2 big groups; those who are against ID cards and those who are for them. Since we are in a democratic society, everyone is allowed to have its own unique way of thinking, so it has been mentioned and talked from a lot of people, including writers. William Safire is one of the writers that will be mentioned in this essay as well as Alan Dershowitz. They both state their own perception of ID cards with arguments for
In the words of Joseph Margulies, “National identity is not fixed, it is made.” Through the event of 9/11 our national identity has changed significantly. Before we dive into the now and the changed national identity, lets set a foundation of where national identity started. In the nineteenth century, Protestant Americans were incomparably dominate. It was argued that the Enlightenment and the Western intellectuals of the eighteenth century were still the foundation of national identity in the nineteenth century. However, from the writer, Samuel Huntington, the religious foundations of American society were based off the Anglo-Protestant heritage. (Page 24) On the other hand, in Who Are We? The Challenges to America’s National Identity, the author stated the American culture was dwindling Anglo-Protestant heritage. The original values were based off the Anglo-Protestant heritage included liberty, equality, individualism, democracy, and the rule of law under a constitution. Later in the nineteenth century, the European heritage grew and the ideas of individual freedom, political democracy, and human rights grew as well. (Page 19) The nineteenth century introduced the “well-being and integrity of the community and the virtuous citizen’s obligations to the community’s welfare (page 20).”
Communities throughout history have always sought to define who they are as a collective whole. Over the course of time, it was this that helped bind nations together through a collective sense of national identity and belonging. Although there are some set definitions that people use to define who collectively are, such as their own language and national history, this is not the only explanation of how groups of people have conceived who they are. In reality, communities have primarily conceived who they are by comparing themselves to an ‘other’ who they are not. As the historian Peter Sahlins put it, national identity over the course of time has been constructed “by the social or territorial boundaries drawn to distinguish the collective self and its implicit negation, the other.” As this argument suggests, throughout history, definitions of ‘us’ have been dependent on the contrasting definitions of ‘them’. I propose that communities have used this concept of the ‘other’ in order to elevate their own perceived superiority over groups that they deemed inferior. This essay will explore how these definitions have shaped history, from the time of the Romans all the way up to the twenty-first century. It will also be necessary to look at the varying ways in which groups are differentiated from each other, such as in terms of religion, nationality, race, and political beliefs. It is only through this exploration that we can fully understand the ways in which people have defined themselves and interacted with others over the course of time.
The idea is to allow any authorized person to verify the identity of a person. This would help in certain isolated situations, but would only have a limited effect on crime. The ID card contains, name, address, sex, photograph, fingerprints. That might also include place of employment, data of birth, perhaps religion, perhaps name of children, spouse, and health insurance coverage, may be credit records. Here I am talking about someone’s privacy. Since the ID card contains all the data about a person on it, then where is the privacy when the card is swiped? More high tech national id system would enable the federal government and its contractors to follow and...
The U.S. is the frontrunner to integrate biometrics into several aspects of security and, eventually, into everyday life for citizens. As of January 5, 2004, America has been using biometrics at its airports and seaports. All foreigners entering on visas will have their hands and faces digitally scanned.10 This will not affect American citizens but it may cause a problem for foreigners. By October 26th 2004, “all countries whose nationals can enter America without a visa—including western European countries, Japan and Australia—must begin issuing passports that contain biometric data too.”10 There are ongoing discussions in Europe to create a standard for passports that has many countries following suit.
The concept of identity is central to the conception of self. National identity is something that became increasingly important as the world became more integrated, as the various cultures of the world began to interact. The culture of the individual is thereby a concept that is constructed both internally and externally through interactions with one’s country and also the world around it. Herein, the concept of the American identity will be explored related to the period of 1870 to 1930. As will be demonstrated, over the course of this period, American identity became a concept that was particularly difficult to achieve for African Americans given the lingering racial tension and racism lingering from the Civil War.
Since the recent terrorist attacks on the United States of America, politicians and policy makers are considering anti-terrorist legislation. This would include plans to implement a national identification card. The proposed national identification cards would include features such as magnetic stripes, holograms, and integrated circuits. “This magnetic stripe is expected soon to contain a digitized fingerprint, retina scan, voice print, and other biometric identifiers, and it will leave an electronic trail every time you use it”(1). I feel that since September 11, 2001, many Americans feel insecure and unsafe. Research done by the Pew Research Center shows that, “seven out of ten Americans favor a national-ID card program in which like the French system, the cards would have to be presented to the police upon demand”(2).
H. G. Wells, a well-known writer of science fiction, once said, “Our true nationality is mankind.” According to the historian, and scholar Benedict Anderson, the lines on maps, the flags, even the patriotism of citizens are imagined concepts. “Nation, nationality, nationalism- all have proved notoriously difficult to define, let alone to analyze”(Anderson 3). However, Anderson does define nationalism, as a concept that draws on all kinds of sources, from myth, religion, language, and the printed word to create the idea of the nation-state. As a historian, Anderson theorizes that the origins of the “imagined community” only arose historically when, and where, three fundamental cultural conceptions, lost their grip on men 's minds. The first
Due to the increasing amount of conflict around the world such as the Syrian civil war, immigration and refugees have increased to unprecedented numbers not seen since World War II. The belief that social problems are created by immigration has created the perception that national identity, in nations like New Zealand, is threated resulting in increased crime rates and lack of job opportunities. The purpose of this literature review is to analyse the literature to see the perception of national identity being threatened is shared by New Zealanders by immigration.
Several of the states have moved toward stricter voter ID laws. The states had put ID laws on voting because they want to further protect voting. With this law, it might help with several different things, but who knows how long this will last. Officials must choose whether or not it helps our country or makes things harder on the people who are voting. Some people may like the idea because they might feel like it helps, but some might not like it because it puts more pressure on them.
Zora Neal Hurston’s book, Their Eyes Were Watching God, reveals one of life’s most relevant purposes that stretches across cultures and relates to every aspect of enlightenment. The novel examines the life of the strong-willed Janie Crawford, as she goes down the path of self-discovery by way of her past relationships. Ideas regarding the path of liberation date all the way back to the teachings of Siddhartha. Yet, its concept is still recycled in the twenty-first century, as it inspires all humanity to look beyond the “horizon,” as Janie explains. Self-identification, or self-fulfillment, is a theme that persists throughout the book, remaining a quest for Janie Crawford to discover, from the time she begins to tell the story to her best friend, Pheoby Watson. Hurston makes a point at the beginning of the novel to separate the male and female identities from one another. This is important for the reader to note. The theme for identity, as it relates to Janie, carefully unfolds as the story goes on to expand the depths of the female interior.
World Net Daily. 25 Oct. 2004 Feder, Barnaby J., and Zeller, Tom Jr. "Identity chip planted under skin approved for health care. " The New York Times.
First, national ID card will not stop terrorism. The new national ID card will contain lots of personal information. Every tine we use the card, the information will appear in the government database. If everybody has one national ID card, the one do not have it will become a suspect. That’s why people support this national ID card issue. However, one of the hijackers in the Sep 11th attacks was listed in the San Diego phone book; he still use his debit card to rent automobile and live his life as a good law-abiding re...
Consideration of a NID system deserves to be isolated (at least initially) from the emotive imagery that many critics would bring to bare. So the first question to tackle is that of the necessity to national security. What can an NID system do to protect the US from its enemies? It could be added to the screening process at the airports. Each passenger could be made to swipe his or her card through a card reader as the pass through security. In order to actually verify their identity passengers would have to have to be scanned by a biometric device; the data taken on site then being compared to recorded information. The question of the security of the card will be taken up later, but it is far from certain that the stored information could be made both secure and available in the nation’s airports.