Affirmative Action
explanatory Essay
917 words
Prof. Bishop Affirmative Action Affirmative Action in the United States is described as an employment positive practice to overcome historical discrimination by allocating jobs and resources to members of particular groups such as women, handicapped, veterans and minorities. The Affirmative action policy was put in to place by federal agencies enforcing those governmental institution receiving federal funds such as government contractors and educational institutions to develop such programs as The Equal Opportunities Act. During the Civil Rights act of 1964 antidiscrimination employment legislations were put in to place providing protection to both applicants and employees. Despite the Civil Right Act discrimination continued to persist it was on 1961 that President Kennedy mentioned for the first time “Affirmative Action.” The leader that developed and enforced the program was President Johnson “We seek… not just equality as a right and a theory, but equality as a fact and as a result.” President Johnson foundation was to achieve equal opportunity providing the necessary resources and increasing the opportunity in both employment and higher education. The employers with written Affirmative action programs must keep them as part of their Personnel policies and update them annually. The APP delineate the proactive steps utilize by the company to attract the unrepresented group. Through the years different Presidents have tried to made changes in the minority employment opportunities pressured by civil rights activist and the African community. During the 1870 to 1900 a considerable amount African Americans held government position including 20 members of the house and two senators. During the reconstruction of the gov... ... middle of paper ... ...p even though Adarand gave the lowest bid. According to Adarand the Government's use of race based presumptions in identifying such individuals, violates the equal protection component of Due Process Clause. The court agreed that all racial classifications whether imposed by local authorities, state and Federal government must pass strict scrutiny review. The decision of the case five jurors voted in favor of Adarand and four votes against. I agree with the decision we need to be fair among all, if Adarand Contractor bid was lower they should have been selected. Equal employment opportunity should be used with everyone, we all have the right to defend ourselves if our rights are been violated. In this case Adarand had the right to claim justice especially when the prime contractor sent and affidavit stating that they would have given the contract to Adarand.
In this essay, the author
- Describes affirmative action in the united states as an employment positive practice to overcome historical discrimination by allocating jobs and resources to members of particular groups.
- Explains that antidiscrimination legislations were put in place during the civil rights act of 1964 providing protection to both applicants and employees. president johnson foundation was to achieve equal opportunity providing the necessary resources and increasing the opportunity in both employment and higher education.
- Explains how different presidents have tried to make changes in the minority employment opportunities pressured by civil rights activist and the african community.
- Opines that the affirmative action plan was created to breakdown the visible and invisible barriers, to avoid discrimination and generate opportunities denied to women and minorities.
- Opines that men constitute 48% of the college educated workforce, 96% of ceo positions, 86% law firms’ partnerships, and 85% tenure in college faculty positions.
- Explains that in 1995, adarand contractor sued francisco pena secretary of transportation for unfair treatment. the contractor bid lower than gonzalez contractor for a project funded by the federal government.
- States that the court agreed that all racial classifications whether imposed by local authorities, state and federal government must pass strict scrutiny review.
Related
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- comparative
- opinionated
- Affirmative Action in the United Statesanalytical essayAffirmative Action in the United States Affirmative Action in the United States consists of the active efforts that take into account race, sex and national origin for the purpose of remedying and preventing discrimination. Under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the federal government requires certain businesses and educational institutions that receive federal funds to develop affirmative action programs. Such policies are enforced and monitored by both The Office of Federal Contract Compliance and The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) (Lazear 37). The most noteworthy criticism of affirmative action is that of the white male population who insists that such programs are forms of "reverse discrimination".
In this essay, the author
- Explains that affirmative action in the united states consists of active efforts that take into account race, sex, and national origin for the purpose of remedying and preventing discrimination.
- Argues that affirmative action is considered a negative and socially unfair one. the concept of racial equality remains shrouded in ignorance, mistrust and political cynicism.
- Argues that affirmative action can lead to too-rapid advancement of unprepared minorities. blacks are not the only ones questioning race-based preferences in the nineties.
- Argues that the debate over proposed civil rights legislation produces only more anger and confusion. the concept of affirmative action is deeply ingrained in american corporate culture.
- Explains that even the best of corporate intentions can be undone by economic hard times. equitable is in the midst of a painful restructuring.
- Explains that the california civil rights initiative aims to end state and local affirmative-action quotas based on gender, race or ethnicity for public contracts, public hiring, and university admissions.
- Argues that affirmative action is a necessity in the united states, despite the recent west coast controversy.
4545 wordsRead More - Equality in College Enrollmentanalytical essayThe United States has always dealt with problems concerning equality and equal chances for all. One of the solutions to this problem is known as affirmative action, or preferential selection used to include groups into areas where they have historically been excluded from. It takes factors such as race, gender, and ethnicity into account to increase minority representations. Its origin can be traced back to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prevented employers from hiring or firing individuals based on certain qualities. It was intended as a punishment for those who disobeyed this law. Later, President Lyndon Johnson’s Executive Order 11246 forced federal contractors to employ “affirmative action” as to not discriminate when hiring. It took the national stage in the autumn of 1972, when the Secretary of Labor’s Revised Order No. 4 fully implemented the executive order and applied it nation-wide.
In this essay, the author
- Explains affirmative action, or preferential selection, is a solution to equality and equal chances for all. it takes factors such as race, gender, and ethnicity into account.
- Argues that the supreme court should extend their ruling from grutter v. bollinger and allow for a refined version of affirmative action.
- Analyzes how schuette and his supporters argued that proposal 2 eliminated preference and discrimination, and proposition 209 in california, a ban on racial preferences.
- Analyzes the unfairness of affirmative action in regents of the university of california v. bakke.
1054 wordsRead More - Affirmative Actionanalytical essayAffirmative Action is a policy in the United States of America. It is in use to help minorities get equal treatment in admissions policies for big businesses and higher educational programs. In one way or another, this policy affects almost every person in America. It affects people directly, and most commonly, indirectly. When this policy affects people, it usually affects them in a negative way. When Affirmative Action first started, it was a descent policy, but with changes in society, it has become a policy that does more harm than good. Since this is what the policy currently does, Affirmative Action should be out of use for every application it has a function for. So, this policy should be out of every law book in America to eliminate the negative impact that it is causing. Affirmative Action is outdated because it is turning into a reverse discrimination policy.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that affirmative action should be out of every law book in america to eliminate the negative impact it is causing.
- Explains that affirmative action is a government program that tries to help overcome the effects of past societal discrimination by allocating jobs and resources to members of specific minority groups.
- Opines that affirmative action is becoming a negative policy towards the majority instead of just positive towards minorities.
- Explains that affirmative action was effective in the early years, but now it's a policy that follows quotas.
- Explains that affirmative action started out as a policy that was very supportive to minorities. the main groups it helps are minority groups, women, handicapped people, and war veterans.
- Explains that affirmative action started as a practice to help minority groups who had trouble acquiring jobs due to discrimination.
- Explains that affirmative action in higher education has rested on the most inconsiderable of margins since 1978, when a single justice could not interest any other justice to his views.
- Explains how affirmative action is now an outdated policy in the allan bakke case. the supreme court decision was in favor of race being one of the factors in choosing a diverse student body in university admissions decisions
- Argues that the ability to communicate and understand across racial lines is an essential part of citizenship, and teaching that skill requires a diverse setting.
- Analyzes how the university of michigan's affirmative action case could have a great effect on other similar cases around the country.
- Explains that affirmative action helps minority races, women, handicapped people, and war veterans too much. it is unconstitutional because it favors one group of people over another.
- Opines that the elimination of affirmative action could make a positive difference in the united states.
- Analyzes how affirmative action has changed the lives of millions of people since the civil rights act of 1964.
- Argues that affirmative action is a wrongful policy that should cease to exist in the american system.
2866 wordsRead More - Affirmative Action Essayanalytical essayWhat is Affirmative Action? According to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, Affirmative Action is the practice of improving the educational and job opportunities of members of groups that have not been treated fairly in the past because of their race, sex, etc. Women and minorities have faced many challenged throughout American History. For example, women and African Americans were considered second...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the united states of america can be called a land of opportunity, but we the people have not always been treated as equals.
- Explains that affirmative action is the practice of improving the educational and job opportunities of members of groups that have not been treated fairly in the past because of their race, sex, etc.
- Explains that some universities have used racial quotas in the number of accepted applicants based solely on race to maintain cultural diversity on their campus.
- Cites the case of regents of the university of california v. bakke, in which a white male sued the university on the basis of reverse discrimination. the supreme court ruled that racial quotas are unconstitutional.
- Explains that the ruling in regents of the university of california v. bakke also stated that race can be used as a factor as long as it is not the deciding factor for admission.
- States that the u.s. equal employment opportunity commission (eeoc) enforces federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability or genetic information.
- Argues that affirmative action can have many positive effects with diversity being one of them. women and minorities have had a long history of discrimination in our country.
580 wordsRead More - Affirmative Actionexplanatory essayFMLA/ADA/Affirmative Action What is the meaning of Affirmative Action? An active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups and women. In the U.S., the effort to improve the employment and educational opportunities of women and members of minority groups through preferential treatment in job hiring, college admissions, the awarding of government contracts, and the allocation of other social benefits. a. Why do we have Affirmative Action? Affirmative action was designed to counteract the lingering effects of generations of past discrimination.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that minority groups and women are encouraged to improve their employment and educational opportunities through preferential treatment, government contracts, and other social benefits.
- Opines that they hope they continue to expand and show improvement within the workforce. many of us have stepped outside that stereo-typed "box" and have tried to improve themselves by getting the education and saying no when offered lower, menial positions.
- Explains that itt systems has an equal number of women and minorities. they have hired by education and experience not because of race or sex.
- Explains that an employee is covered if they have worked for the employer for at least 12 months, and for 1,250 hours over the twelve months prior to the needed leave. this is a federal fmla, the state may have other requirements.
- Explains that taking leave can not result in any loss of pay or benefit that the employee had before the leave, and cannot be counted against an employee under a "no-fault" attendance policy.
- Explains that the most common reason an employee may take or use the fmla is the birth of a child. maternity leave is an unpaid leave, and can be used by both the father and mother.
- Explains that a qualified employee or applicant with disability is an individual who, with or without reasonable accommodation, can perform the essential functions of the job in question. employers with 15 or more employees are prohibited from discriminating.
- Explains employment accommodation for applicants and workers with disabilities when such accommodations would not impose "undue hardship."
- Defines a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.
- Describes affirmative action as a government remedy to help, educate, and improve employment opportunities for members of minority groups and for women.
- Describes the objectives of the affirmative action plan, including identifying and eliminating employment practices that have an adverse impact on minorities, women, and others protected by applicable law.
- Opines that hr personnel, hiring managers, and shift managers should be kept informed of new or improved policies and training packages. not every employer is required to provide eligible employees with leave.
- Argues that the first thing that should happen is the education of policies and procedures that surround fmla.
- Explains that the employer and employee must have a understanding of these policies before granting the "paid" time off.
- Explains that the americans with disabilities act prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, transportation, public accommodation, communications, and governmental activities.
- Defines a qualified employee or applicant with disability as an individual who, with or without reasonable accommodation, can perform the essential functions of the job. reasonable accommodation may include making existing facilities accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities.
- Explains that an employer is required to make an accommodation to the known disability of a qualified employee.
- Opines that colorado springs' employers follow federal and state regulations.
- Opines that a successful life in the community is closely linked to the ability of the individual to be productive, contributing member of that community.
1625 wordsRead More - affirmative actionexplanatory essayAffirmative Action Affirmative Action, policies used in the United States to increase opportunities for minorities by favoring them in hiring and promotion, college admissions, and the awarding of government contracts. Depending upon the situation, “minorities” might include any underrepresented group, especially one defined by race, ethnicity, or gender. Generally, affirmative action has been undertaken by governments, businesses, or educational institutions to remedy the effects of past discrimination against a group, whether by a specific entity, such as a corporation, or by society as a whole. According to the Merriam-Webster New World Dictionary, Affirmative Action is defined as an active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups or women.
In this essay, the author
- Describes affirmative action as policies used to increase opportunities for minorities by favoring them in hiring and promotion, college admissions, and the awarding of government contracts.
- Explains that affirmative action is defined as an active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups or women.
- Explains dr. martin luther king jr.'s dream of equality for african americans. he took four steps to gain equality, including collection of facts, negotiation, self-purification, and non-violent direct action.
- Opines that martin luther king jr. and affirmative action would not mix. he wanted his people to "earn" their civil rights.
- Opines that dr. king was all about equal rights for all people, peace and freedom. affirmative action is the only kind he would have supported.
- Explains that affirmative action can be pinned as reverse racism. the black man would automatically get the job, simply based on his color.
- Explains that dr. martin luther king jr. was a fighter and fought until the day he died for his people. affirmative action supporters assume that minority groups want help.
793 wordsRead More - Affirmative Actionanalytical essayTwo hundred years ago in America, being born of a certain race or gender predetermined one’s opportunities in life. African Americans were subjected to slavery and discrimination and women had very little liberty. In the present, the United States is much closer to equality, yet gender and race still play a role in life’s opportunities given the high frequency of affirmative action programs; they attempt to increase the representation of minorities on college campuses and in the office, regardless of virtue. Programs of affirmative action arouse controversy because some groups view affirmative action as a catalyst for reverse discrimination whilst other groups support affirmative action as a way to diversify society and compensate for past exclusions.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that being born of a certain race or gender predetermined one’s opportunities in life. today, the united states is closer to equality, yet gender and race still play an important role.
- Explains that affirmative action is based on goals, which are more like quotas, and state how many minorities the institution would like to employ.
- Explains that universities and employers would rather hire a minority than more qualified people. the obama administration urged colleges and universities to get creative in improving racial diversity at their campuses.
- Explains that affirmative action advocates equal representation and compensates for past exclusions, and integrates minorities into society.
- Analyzes the anti-affirmative action case based on the hypothesis of reverse discrimination.
- Explains that affirmative action is a heavily debated topic that has appeared in the supreme court numerous times. grutter v. bollinger favored african-americans regardless of their virtue.
- Analyzes the impact of affirmative action on minorities and non-minorities. minorities become integrated into society, attain more jobs, and are rejected from more positions, lowering their living standard.
- Explains that being born of a certain race or gender predetermined one’s opportunities in life, while african americans were subjected to slavery and discrimination and women had very little liberty.
964 wordsRead More - Opposing Affirmative Actionanalytical essayAffirmative Action is a set of policies and a mindset that take gender, race, and ethnicity into account in order to achieve “equal opportunity.” In other words, Affirmative Action tells companies and universities that they need to admit the same amount of ethic peoples as white men, regardless of merit or individual potential. President Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925 which required government officials to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated during employment, without regard to thei...
In this essay, the author
- Opines that affirmative action should be abolished before it does any more damage to society.
- Explains that affirmative action is a set of policies that take gender, race, and ethnicity into account in order to achieve "equal opportunity." president kennedy issued executive order 10925 to affirm the government's commitment to equal opportunity for all qualified persons.
- Argues that affirmative action is supposed to protect the rights of the minorities, but it prevents progress and damages society.
- Analyzes how policies promoting affirmative action increase tension between races, and create discrimination of the majority. affirmative action places minority members into jobs/universities blindly.
- Opines that affirmative action is not aiding the country in any way. affirmative action handicaps and creates reverse discrimination.
702 wordsRead More - Improving Families Network: Providing Equal Employment Opportinitiescomparative essayAffirmative action is Employee hiring and promotion policy that takes a proactive approach to removing prejudices against promoting and recruiting minorities, and other under-represented groups of the society. An Affirmative Action plan, or program, ensures equal employment opportunity by institutionalizing the commitment to equality in every aspect of the employment process. As a part of its Affirmative Action Plan, a contractor monitors and examines its employment decisions and compensation systems to evaluate the impact of those systems on women and minorities.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that improving families network lost one (10 person with disability and three (3) disabled veterans through retirement.
- Explains improving families network's primary goal is to eliminate discrimination barriers to improve the overall work life of all employees, especially minorities and females.
- Explains that lack of knowledge or negative attitudes can create a barrier for disabled employees.
- Proposes a strategy that would include offering focus groups between management and disabled employees to find out how to improve their work life with ifn.
- Explains that this strategy would also involve focus groups for between minorities and management so management can gain an understanding regarding the cultural needs of the minority in the companies.
- Opines that protection from discrimination is essential for individuals to fully participate in society.
- Opines that safety is a necessity, especially for disabled employees. management will implement strategies to meet the needs of disabled individuals to contribute to safer environments such as installing flashing fire alarms for deaf employees and placing physically handicapped employees closer to exits.
- Recommends including the phrase "equal opportunity/affirmative action employer" in all employment advertisements, both printed and electronic.
- Recommends placing help wanted advertisements in local minority news media and women's interest media.
- Recommends actively recruiting at secondary schools, junior colleges, colleges and universities with predominantly minority or female enrollments.
- Explains that improving families network provides equal employment opportunities to all employees and applicants for employment without regard to race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, national origin, age, disability, genetic information, marital status, amnesty, or veteran status.
- Explains that senior level officials and managers are individuals residing in the highest levels of organizations, who plan, direct and formulate policies, set strategy, and provide the overall direction of enterprises/organizations for the development and delivery of products.
- Explains improving families network will monitor the recruitment and selection activities for executive positions and notify search committees of the underutilization of women and/or minorities.
1719 wordsRead More - Affirmative Actionopinionated essayAffirmative action caught in tale of the two cities of Boston, Massachusetts and Denver, Colorado. Since the late 1980s, race and sex-based contracting preference programs in the U.S. cities have faced significant challenges in the courts (Rubin). On February 7th, Boston Mayor Thomas Menino announced his plan to eliminate a 15 year old program that required bidders on city construction contracts to subcontract 15% of work to minority-owned business enterprises and 5% to women-owned firms (Rubin). That program is being replaced by one that requires bidders to award 20% of subcontracts to local businesses and 20 % to firms with less than 20 employees both categories being race and gender neutral (Robin). While this Mayor announced his new plan, 3 days later on February 10th, the United States court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit went the other direction by overturning a lower court and upholding Denver’s constructions M/WBE program in a decade-long legal challenge by locally based Concrete Works of Colorado Inc. This program initially earmarked 16% of city construction contracts to MBE’s and 12% to WBEs (Robin). In this essay I will tell you my views on the two cities and their programs. Is minority set aside programs morally acceptable, is one of the questions I will be also answering in this essay and will set out the utilitarian and deontological considerations.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that race and sex-based contracting preference programs in u.s. cities have faced significant challenges in the courts. boston mayor menino announced his plan to eliminate a 15 year old program that required bidders to subcontract 15% of work to minority-owned business enterprises.
- Opines that mayor thomas menino of boston's new plan shows that affirmative action works. it was a good decision to equal out subcontracts for local businesses and firms with less than 20 employees.
- Opines that the boston mayor's change of the program will give minority and female business owners hope for the future.
- Opines that affirmative action programs are morally acceptable if designed with specific rules and regulations.
- Opines that aside programs are unacceptable, and that everyone should be treated equally and have the same opportunity as the next man or woman, regardless of race, religion, or skin color.
- Explains that a well-balanced set-aside program has positive results to all members of society by giving the opportunity to reach the "american dream"
- Concludes that america still has a way to go when it comes to equality of all people. some judges are starting to rule in favor of the minorities and women to make programs equal to everyone.
870 wordsRead More