Manufacturing is the process of transforming raw materials into finished products with intentions of fulfilling the customer’s needs, this is done through cost effective methods within a given period of time. Micro-casting is the manufacturing process of materials in the micro-meter range or of larger parts by carrying microstructures using molten metal cast into a mold. There are two different methods used for casting structures in the micro-meter range; capillary action micro-casting (permanent mold) and micro-casting based on investment casting. Investment casting, also known as ‘lost wax process’, is the oldest known method. As old as 5000 years, in the time of the Pharaohs, they used this method to make gold jewellery, armour and statues. Around 4000 B.C, the discovery that metals could be cast into shapes in moulds was a major step towards civilisations. After experiments with coloured minerals like malachite, those experiments let to the melting of copper which led to casting copper in simple moulds made from stone or clay to produce simple tools, like hammers, to be followed by the use two-part moulds in which both faces could be made. Potters at that time were used to making small human and animal figures representing either natural or symbolic use for numerous gods. The smelting and casting of those figures were carried out in a crude kiln or furnace in the east. Some materials had been carved from various stones while human figures were often made in beeswax. In the fourth millennium B.C. a potter and a metal worker came up with the idea of taking a model carved in beeswax, coating it with clay, heating the composite structure to harden the clay and to melt out the wax, using the formed mould to produce a casting with ... ... middle of paper ... ... mass produced using the investment casting processes by major automobile manufacturers, they were mainly used for engine components. In the year 1993, the first foundry application for plasma ladle refiner occurred at the Maynard Steel Casting Co. this was to show that lost wax process had developed into a major success, with better and efficient ways to cast being discovered, but the rate of discovery had slowed down. During the years 1995 to 2000, microstructure simulation was developed which contributed to much better understanding of metallurgy effects and properties in castings. This also included the benefits of controlling casting distortion, reducing residual stresses, eliminating cracks and etc. NASA released a physics based software tool that accurately predicted the filling of expanded polystyrene patterns and sand cores as numerous variables changed.
The exhibition of recent stoneware vessels by Peter Voulkos at Frank Lloyd Gallery featured the sort of work on which the artist established reputation in the 1950s. The work was greeted with stunned amazement. However now it is too, but it's amazement of a different order -- the kind that comes from being in the presence of effortless artistic mastery. These astonishing vessels are truly amaising. Every ceramic artist knows that what goes into a kiln looks very different from what comes out, and although what comes out can be controlled to varying degrees, it's never certain. Uncertainty feels actively courted in Voulkos' vessels, and this embrace of chance gives them a surprisingly contradictory sense of ease. Critical to the emergence of a significant art scene in Los Angeles in the second half of the 1950s, the 75-year-old artist has lived in Northern California since 1959 and this was his only second solo show in an L.A gallery in 30 years.”These days, L.A. is recognized as a center for the production of contemporary art. But in the 1950s, the scene was slim -- few galleries and fewer museums. Despite the obscurity, a handful of solitary and determined artists broke ground here, stretching the inflexible definitions of what constitutes painting, sculpture and other media. Among these avant-gardists was Peter Voulkos.” In 1954, Voulkos was hired as chairman of the fledgling ceramics department at the L.A. County Art Institute, now Otis College of Art and Design, and during the five years that followed, he led what came to be known as the "Clay Revolution." Students like John Mason, Paul Soldner, Ken Price and Billy Al Bengston, all of whom went on to become respected artists, were among his foot soldiers in the battle to free clay from its handicraft associations.
The Shang Dynasty invented and, over the years, perfected the technique of casting a bronze vessel from a clay mold assembly, which this wine vessel has also been made from using those techniques (Cantor). This mold was formed around a model of the vessel and was then cut into sections that were carved or impressed in the desired design, in this case the braided or grid design, on the inner or outer surfaces. The decorated clay piece-mold was then fired and reassembled around a clay core. Small bronze spacers were used to hold the piece-mold and the clay core apart. Then, molten bronze was poured into the mold. Using this piece-mold casting technique helped the bronze worker to achieve greater sharpness and definition in any intricate design
the Moche pottery (figure 1) was mainly red or, exceptionally orange, and in some cases, black smoke, the Moche pottery is one of the most diverse in the world because they were use molds to allowed the mass production of certain forms. But despite this, there was great variation in form and theme of the ceramics which represented the...
Bronzes are made by making two molds (one larger than the other), pouring melted bronze in...
-Developed and implemented strip casting overseas to eliminate a step in the steel making process
Watching a skilled ceramics artist shape a creation on the wheel is a thrilling experience. Under her or his hands, a spinning blob of mud grows into a work of art. It's not unusual, after witnessing such a display of virtuosity, for the audience to realize that the ware on their own kitchen shelves pales by comparison. So it's logical to ask: Is every thrown piece made the same way? By hand? Even the cheap stuff at home? Of course the answer is: No. Production ceramic ware comes from highly automated assembly lines.
Signs of craft specialization are very apparent at Catal Huyuk. There are a variety tools and weapons made from obsidian, flint, stone and bone. A process called flint knapping, or chipping, was used to shape a stone, like flint, into a sharp tool which could be used in arrowheads. Another process that was used in making tools was called grounding. This involved using two ston...
Wood working has been used by man since the beginning of time. Adam was the first known wood worker. Some of the oldest examples of wood working date back to the ancient Egyptian and ancient Chinese civilizations. Wood working is depicted in many ancient Egyptian drawings, and in recent years many examples of Egyptian furniture have been found preserved in tombs. These include stools, chairs, tables, beds, and chests (“Wood Carving”, NP).
The earliest evidence of welding dates back to the Bronze Age. The earliest examples of welding that have been found to date are welded gold boxes belonging to civilizations that thrived during the bronze age. There is evidence supporting the fact that even the Egyptians developed a form of welding. Several of their iron tools were made by welding. During the Middle Ages, a set of blacksmiths came to the forefront, crafting tools, weapons and other necessities. Blacksmiths of the Middle Ages welded various types of iron tools by hammering. The welding methods remained more or less unchanged until the 19th century. Where welding methods began to resemble conventional welding processes through innovations made through
The Upper Paleolithic Era occurred about 50,000 years ago and lasted nearly one-tenth of the more widely known Stone Age Era(Guisepi). During this time, Homo Sapiens were leaving the Middle Paleolithic Era, where advancements such as; points, arrows, darts, as well as other projectile tools originated, for the Upper Paleolithic Era. It is important to point out that during the Middle Paleolithic Era, the Homo Sapiens made large advancements in, “ the application of ‘prepared core technique.’” In this process, “a core was carefully flaked on one side so that for a flake of predetermined size and shape could be produced in a single blow(Middle)” By using this technique they gained knowledge of how to cre...
The red wares were made without a potter's wheel like all pre-dynastic pottery. After giving them their form, which was sometimes unconventional, they were dried in the sun, sometimes covered with red ochre, and burnished with a stone.
Black-figure painting was first established in Corinth, c 700 BCE then Athens was influenced by the technique and got control over it (Cartwright, 2012). The entire process was made out of iron clay found in the area mixed with potash pigment, water and leave it evaporate under the sun until it’s thick and settle. Move on to wedging process where human used energy to make the clay combine together and create the smoothness. The forms of potter are made on the potter wheel and are control by human’s hands, which is fascinating because people will have respect toward a finished product. After shaping the entire form, it’s then bake inside a kiln until it turns black (Britannica, 2014). Black-figure painting usually presents a storytelling by depicting animals or people in silhouette and sometime th...
The earliest remains from the Celto-Germanic period consisted of mainly bronze work—bracelets, armbands, broaches, swords, and purse covers. The styles in which samples are crafted involve geometric patterns which interweave different human and animal representations. This is the same style that sets the Celto-Germanic period apart from all others.
In modern society, Greek pottery is considered an art which is regarded as much for its aesthetic splendor as its historical significance. However, the role of pottery in ancient Greek culture was far more functional as its primary use was for the transportation and storage of such liquids as water and wine (Encyclopedia Britannica). Due to the durability of the fired clay material, Greek pottery is the only remaining art form that allows us to explore the evolution of this ancient culture. Through that examination, three distinct stylistic periods have been unveiled: Geometric, Orientalizing and Archaic. This analysis will detail these distinct periods as well as three design techniques prevalently used: black figure, red figure and white ground
The manufacturing process of steel container or drum which is also known as liquid carrying container involves many processes. Although, there are different sizes of steel containers and different manufacturing process in most steel container manufacturing industries lately. There are also thousands of different steel alloy used in the production of steel containers. Furthermore, steel containers are made of sheet metal by soldering, brazing, spot welding, and seam welding. In addition to this, The Process of making steel containers involves rolling of metal sheet; welding the seam, making 90 degree bent on top and bottom of the container, making number of beads (according to size) and lastly reduce the diameter of one side of the container; fitting of lid to the containers, testing like pressure; coating internal (epoxy phenolic coating or plain) and external (stoving enamel gloss of various colour).