Darien is a patient who possibly displays comorbidity. His symptoms lead me to believe that he could possibly be diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Darien’s symptoms that point to OCD are that he has rituals he must complete and if he does not he becomes anxious and is unable to continue with his day. He is however aware that these rituals are not actually helping him but he cannot stop doing them. He also reports feeling anxious most of the day, especially if he cannot perform his rituals, and that he is becoming increasingly more anxious. He is also unable to keep himself from worrying and feeling anxious. Darien’s past could help unlock some clue to his current situation. He had a relatively normal childhood. He grew up as an only child and his parents have remained married for his entire life. His mother has a history of anxiety. Darien has said that during his childhood he always remembers her being constantly worried about him and also being overly involved in his life. His father on the other hand was always distant and Darien never truly felt like his dad enjoyed spending time with him. Darien was always a good student in high school but he found the extra workload of college very difficult. He did not want to appear to be a failure to his parents so he would simply drop his courses if he was feeling overwhelmed. This is also when he started making schedules because he felt they would help him cope with his stress levels. Obsessive Compulsive Disorders have been found to have many causal factors. Many of these are cultural and one possibility is that religion plays a part in severity of symptoms, like obsessive thoughts. Because of Darien’s past history and heavy involvement... ... middle of paper ... ...bsessive-compulsive disorder: An examination of outcome and mediators of change. Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, 81(3), 415-428. doi:10.1037/a0031865 Reynolds, S. A., Clark, S., Smith, H., Langdon, P. E., Payne, R., Bowers, G., & ... McIlwham, H. (2013). Randomized controlled trial of parent-enhanced CBT compared with individual CBT for obsessive-compulsive disorder in young people. Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, 81(6), 1021-1026. doi:10.1037/a0034429 Steketee, G., Quay, S., & White, K. (1991). Religion and guilt in OCD patients. Journal Of Anxiety Disorders, 5(4), 359-367. doi:10.1016/0887-6185(91)90035-R Van Noppen, B., & Steketee, G. (2009). Testing a conceptual model of patient and family predictors of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. Behaviour Research And Therapy, 47(1), 18-25. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.10.005
...has evidenced a greater likelihood to be more efficacious in the overall treatment of the disorder. While some other treatments have been shown to have positive results in certain circumstances, through multiple studies it has been preliminarily determined that only CBT remained consistently effective in reducing patients maladaptive symptoms and behaviors, and was the only treatment option that consistently improved functioning over a long period of time, further offering support for CBT as an empirically supported treatment for somatoform disorders. Nevertheless, substantial additional research and work is needed in order to better understand the various forms of the disorder and how to best address and treat each of them individually. With the expansion of research on somatoform disorders and what causes these disorders, treatment will be expanded and improved.
The patient, LL, is a twenty four year old female who was diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder five years ago. Around the ago of eighteen, LL started to experience many symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. She had just started her freshman year at a local college and moved into the dorms with a random roommate. LL was constantly washing her hands and grossed out by the germs, so she came to realize she had a phobia of germs. She would begin sweating and having major anxiety when people went to shake her hand or her roommate would touch her food or any of her things. LL started skipping class and isolating herself in her room in order to avoid contact with other people. When her grades dramatically declined,
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is a disease that afflicts up to six million Americans, however all its characteristics are yet to be fully understood. Its causes, triggers, attributes, and variations are still unknown although effective medicines exist to treat the symptoms. OCD is a very peculiar disease as Rapoport discusses it comes in many different forms and have different symptoms yet have many similarities. One sure aspect is that it appears, or at least its symptoms do, out of the blue and is triggered either by stressful experiences or, most of the time, just appears out of nowhere. One example is a boy who's father was hard on him for being affected by the worlds "modern ways", the boy at a high school party tries LSD ( a hallucinatory drug), after that thoughts of whether his mind was dangerously affected by the drug. What seemed like completely appropriate worrying and anxiety turned into attacks of anxiety, he couldn't shake the thoughts that something was wrong with his mind. Essentially he had "his mind on his mind" constantly and that haunted his days his thought were as follows: " did the lsd do anything to my mind? The thought never went away ; instead it got more and more complicated. There must be something wrong with my mind if i am spending so much time worrying about it. Is there something wrong with my mind? Was this from the lsd? Will it ever get better?" (The boy who, J. L. Rapoport 125,126) Dr. Rapoport promptly put him on Anafranil (an anti-depressant, used for OCD, not marketed in the U.
To draw a parallel of obsessional neurosis with religion, established disconcerting similarities between compulsive acts and religious practices that, in his view, aimed essentially the same thing: remove the guilt by a ritualistic compensatory restoration. Both the religious obsessive as in the main formula would be similar to what happens psych- scroll in a dream - through which the trivial details of the ritual activity become more important, since they are forcibly expelled the truly meaningful content. Regarding this analogy, Freud concludes that we can conceive of obsessional neurosis as a pathological match against religious formation, featuring obsessional neurosis as an individual religiosity and religion as a universal obsessional neurosis.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a disorder which causes people to develop an anxiety when certain obsessions or compulsions are not fulfilled. OCD can affect both children and adults with more than half of all adults with OCD stating that they experienced signs as a child. People living with OCD display many obvious signs such as opening and closing a door fifty times because they have to do it “just right”. Others exhibit extreme cleanliness and will wash their hands or take showers as often as they can because they constantly feel dirty. OCD devastates people’s social lives as they are fixated and obsessed with perfection that can take forever to achieve. However people living with OCD are often found to have an above average intelligence and typically excel at school due to their detail oriented mindset, cautious planning and patience. OCD can be caused by many different factors such as genetics or the ever changing world a...
Obsessive compulsive disorder can be associated with other mental disorders that cause stress and anxiety, but it can be treated with cognitive behavioral therapy and medication. Obsessive compulsive disorder is a psychological disorder with symptoms of obsessive thoughts and compulsive actions, such as cleaning, checking, and counting. OCD is linked to other disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and experiential avoidance disorder (EA). OCD and ADHD have similar effects in children, being that they both lead to procrastination when trying to complete simple tasks. People with OCD and EA both have consistent negative thoughts, but the same treatments can be used for both.
They found that in majority, DBT is the most efficient at reducing symptoms, being cost-efficient and long-term aid for the patients. They also found that there was a smaller number of dropouts from the treatment compared to the amount of dropouts from other treatments. In a study composed of a year of a randomized controlled trial with follow up therapy for BPD for a year. This took place in the university outpatient clinic and community practise. The sample composed of 101 patients with recent suicidal and harmful behaviours. They went through one year of DBT. It resulted in a decreased rate of 50% likely to make a suicide attempt and self-harmful acts. This also included patients being less likely to dropout of treatment and received fewer psychiatric hospitalizations or emergency visits (Lois et al., 2017). This study suggests that DBT can successfully inhibit symptoms of BPD. Without this treatment, these patients who suffer from BPD are more likely to perform impulsive actions which could harm themself or others. Patients with BPD tend to quit treatment if they find the actions the therapist performs do not facilitate their needs. The trial’s results were found that the acts of self-harming in the first year to be 50% in the treatment group and DBT to be able to reduce this risk to 25%, a relative risk reduction of 50%. (Andreasson, K.,et al.,2014). This treatment has shown direct changes of behaviour in the patient. DBT proves that these patients stay for treatment. This continual treatment allows the patients to improve more than if they lacked the therapy
Jakubovski, E., Diniz, J. B., Valerio, C., Fossaluza, V., Belotto-Silva, C., Gorenstein, C., …Shavitt, R. G. (2013). Clinical predictors of long-term outcome in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 30, 763-772. doi 10.1002/da.22013
Anxiety disorder is a type of abnormal behavior characterized by unrealistic, irrational fear. These types of disorders are diagnosed two as often in women as in men. Although these disorders can be very chronic and serious, they are easily treatable. Generalized anxiety disorder is when people experience fear and worry that is not focused on one specific aspect; nevertheless, they suffer greatly with headaches, dizziness, heart palpitations, and insomnia. Obsessive-compulsive disorder, better known as OCD, involves persistent, unwanted, obsessions and irresistible urges to perform compulsions in order to relieve anxiety. Unlike other anxiety disorders, OCD consists more of anxiety and worry rather than fear itself. Many people who experience OCD are aware that there is no motive behind their actions, however their anxiety is heightened when they try to ignore the compulsions. People with such anxiety disorders often experience sensitivity to other people’s views as well as worry over their surroundings.
Levenkron, S. (1991). Treating & Understanding Crippling Habits. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders. New York, NY: Warner Books.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder has been classified as a type of anxiety disorder under DSM-5, in which there is a presence of obsessions, compulsions or both. Obsessions are defined as “intrusive and mostly nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges that the individual tries to resist or eliminate,” while compulsion are the thought or actions that accompany these obsessions to try to suppress and provide relief. (TEXTBOOK) The obsessions are categorized into four major types, and each is linked with a certain pattern of compulsive behaviors.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is a disease that a lot of people suffer with in society especially young adults. While it is not a disease that is deadly, it does affect the victim in every day aspects of their life and can ultimately control their lives. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is defined by the National Institute of Mental Health as, “… a common, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over”. The thoughts that individuals have when suffering through Obsessive Compulsive Disorder cannot be restrained and really can disturb the individual. Thoughts or actions that people may have can range from worrying about daily occurrences, such as washing their hands, to having thoughts of harming people that are close to them. People tend to have these reoccurring compulsions because they believe by doing them or thinking them, they will either prevent something bad from happening or because it eliminates stress that they have. This disease can last a lifetime and can be very detrimental and disabling to how one lives their lives. Individuals can start to see signs of OCD in either late adolescence or even early adulthood and everyone is susceptible. When it comes to classifying this incurable disease, there is much debate on whether or not it a type of anxiety (Abramowitz, Taylor, & McKay, 2009). It is important to be able to understand this mental disorder since so many people are diagnosed with it. While there are treatments for OCD, there are no cures yet. Treatments could range anywhere from taking prescribed medication to just going to therapy and counseling fo...
OCD has symptoms such as compulsive hoarding, extreme anxiety, depression, and food aversions. It currently has no sure cause but it has said to be a product of genetics or abnormalities in the brain and serotonin levels as controlling serotonin tends to help in treatment of OCD. Obsessive Compulsive disorder is seen in 2.3% of Americans. It’s more prominent in adults than in children.
Based on analysis of research of his own and that conducted by others, Michel Eysenck concluded in 1998 that no solid evidence exists to show a correlation between religion and extraversion and neuroticism, while evidence did manage to indicate a negative relationship between religion and psychoticism. Further, there was no determination of the definition of the source of the relationship, meaning whether low-psychotic personalities are attracted to religion, or whether religion has an impact on levels of psychot...
Psychological susceptibility to various faiths in the fact that human life is exposed to supernatural forces that affect a person's fate, and often prejudge its outcome, always existed in all human societies and cultures. One of the major determinants of this psychological susceptibility is superstitions that appear as the main engines of believe in the intervention of supernatural forces in human’s life. According to Encyclopaedia Britannica (2010) ‘superstition’ could be defined as ‘belief, half-belief or practice’, which does not have any rational explanation or basis. Despite this fact, according to Behringer (2004) the amount of believers in witchcraft and superstitions are significantly higher than in XVII century.