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Increase social media increase eating disorder
Increase social media increase eating disorder
Psychological theoretical perspective on anorexia nervosa
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Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an disorder that has been most commonly diagnosed in adolescence with the highest at-risk group being women between ages 15 and 22 years old (Hodes, et al., 2000). In the United States, the occurrence of anorexia nervosa is estimated between 0.5% and 2% of the general population, and 0.8 million of the juvenile population (Fisherman, 2006). AN is an illness that has been around for quite some time but has recently become progressively more relevant in society today. This increase could be due to social factors such as the pressure to fit into society’s ideal body image, environmental, psychological, or other social factors may be contributing to the more rapidly development of AN. The exact causes of this disorder are unknown but anorexia has become the third most common chronic illness among adolescents and currently the incidents of AN are increasing in western countries (ANAD, 2014). Additionally, AN has the highest level of mortality among the psychiatric diseases and the continuing result of this morbidity is immensely detrimental for the person with the disorder along with their close family and friends (EDC, 2014). Eating disorders are factual, multifaceted, destructive, and overwhelming conditions that ultimately have serious consequences for the individual’s health, productivity, and their relationships (NEDA, 2014). The grave effects imposed on the families battling anorexia nervosa presents an essential need for successful treatment to aid in defeating the individual’s illness, receiving proper health care, and to have an overall improved life. This paper will analyze a case study involving an anorexic family and will determine what would be the best therapeutic intervention to reconstruct thi... ... middle of paper ... ...Family Therapy, 32(4), 505-514. Gladding, S. T. (2011). Family Therapy: History, Theory, and Practice, Fifth Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Hodes, M., Russell, G., Dodge, E., Le Grange, D., Eisler, I., & Dare, C. (2000). Family Therapy for Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa: The results of a Controlled Comparison of Two Family Interventions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41(6), 727-736. NEDA. (2014, July 9). National Eating Disorders General Statistics. Retrieved from National Eating Disorders Association: https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/sites/default/files/ResourceHandouts/GeneralStatistics.pdf Raymond, L., Friedlander, M. L., Heatherington, L., Ellis, M. V., & Sargent, J. (1993). Communication Processes in Structural Family Therapy: Case Study of an Anorexic Family. Journal of Family Psychology, 6(3), 308-326.
Structural therapy focuses on the family as a whole. It is concerned about how the issues effect the family relationships and connections. This theory concentrates on how well the understanding is amongst the family members and counselor. The members of the family are prompted to understand how the issues were created, where did the issues come from, when the issues started effecting their family, and what the family needs to overcome their issues. Its focus is to help others understand and improve negative behavior. The structural therapy concentrates on the interaction and boundaries of families with separating the whole family into smaller groups. The subsystems will create a clearer understanding of what issues are hurting their family environment (Gladding, S. T. 2010). The counselor is concerned about the members interaction because this reveals how strong the relationships and connections are in the home. The boundaries are important because they create an understanding that there are limits and order, and the boundaries can be diffused, rigid, or clear (Gladding, S. T. 2010). The counselor is expected to identify techniques so members can understand which boundaries are clear, positive, and healthy (Gladding, S. T. 2010).
"Anorexia Nervosa--Part I." Harvard Mental Health Letter. Feb. 2003: 1-4. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 06 Mar. 2014.
As defined by the National Eating Disorders Association, “Anorexia Nervosa is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss.” (NEDA). The term “Anorexia Nervosa” literally means “neurotic loss of appetite”, and could be more generally defined as the result of a prolonged self-starvation and an unhealthy relationship regarding food and self-image. It is characterized by “resistance to maintaining body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height”, “intense fear of weight gain or being “fat”, even though underweight”, “disturbance in the experience of body weight or shape, undue influence of weight or shape on self-evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of low body weight”, and “loss of menstrual periods in girls and women post-puberty.”(NEDA) Among women on a range of 15 to 24 years old, AN has been proved to have 12 times the annual mortality rate of all death causes, and from premature deaths of anorexic patients, 1 in every 5 is caused by suicide, which gives a rise of 20% for suicide probability. (EDV)
Anorexia nervosa is a life threatening eating disorder defined by a refusal to maintain fifteen percent of a normal body weight through self-starvation (NAMI 1). Ninety-five percent of anorexics are women between the ages of twelve and eighteen, however, “…in the past twenty years, this disorder has become a growing threat to high school and college students”(Maloney and Kranz 60). Anorexia produces a multitude of symptoms, and if not treated, anorexia can lead to permanent physical damage or death.
Minuchin, Salvador, et al. Psychosomatic Families: Anorexia Nervosa in Context. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978.
The stage of adolescence contains major changes which can bring stress, confusion, and anxiety. Feelings of self-consciousness, low self esteem and comparison with peers start occurring during this time. Along with the physical changes there is also hormonal and brain changes that affect the adolescent physically, mentally, emotionally, and psychologically. During this time a person can feel tremendous pressure to find their place in the world among a great deal of confusion (“Eating Disorders and Adolescence,” 2013). Body image concerns and peer pressure are heightened during the period of adolescence, and are potential risk factors in the development of an eating disorder. While eating disorders can affects males and females of all ages, the average age of onset for Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and disordered eating takes place during adolescence. These disorders are often a coping mechanism for people to attempt to gain control of their situation when they feel helpless among other aspects of life (“Eating Disorders and Adolescence,” 2013). Eating disorders in children and teens can lead to a number of serious physical problems and even death (Kam, n.d.).
Epidemiology and course of anorexia nervosa in the community. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164 (8), 1259-1265.
Nichols, M. P. (2010). Family therapy concepts and methods (9 ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
The pressure of being thin, beautiful and simply just looking perfect has become a major dispute in Americas culture. Television, Magazines and social norms effect young kids in the way they see themselves and now has turned into a main health concern. Seeing other people who you think may look perfect, is deceiving to many young girls as they think they are either overweight or just not good enough. With implying that it might result in some type of eating disorder, such as anorexia nervosa. This obsession of being thin has rapidly increased over the years and is still accelerating.(DSM) This type of disorder, mainly appearing in females has over five million cases and one million in males.(family dr) Most kids with anorexia are usually perfectionist, or the kids who do extremely well in school and focus on pleasing others. (guide) Most people denying that they have this don’t know that it doing both physical and emotional damage to the body. With the research I found we will look at the etiology, symptoms and treatments of anorexia nervosa.
Structural family therapist have exemplified within the context relational therapies that uncovers stressors in relationship between individuals (Vetere, 2001). Structural family therapy has been known to be called “interventive approach” because of the “intensity” to encourage clients to change (Hammond & Nichols, 2014).
Silber, Tomas J., Laura Lyster-Mensh, and Jennifer DuVal. "Anorexia Nervosa: Patient and Family-Centered Care." Pediatric Nursing 37.6 (2011): 331-3. ProQuest. Web. 17 Oct. 2013.
Sir William Gull coined the term anorexia nervosa in 1873, but Richard Morton likely offered the first medical description of the condition in 1689 (Anita, 1). Despite all of that the true causes of Anorexia are still vastly unknown. But, many biological, psychological, and social factors come into play. Many doctors, therapists, and staff at Anorexia treatment centers have started to uncover the fact that genetics come into play when a person falls down the path of Anorexia. If a biological family member has an eating disorder, a person may be at higher risk for developing one too (Knolls, 2). However, it is still unclear of how genetics are a causing factor for Anorexia. Many psychological characteristics leave some people more susceptible to seeking emotional relief through self- starvation compared to others. Low self-esteem issues caused by childhood neglect, obsessive compulsive personality traits, perfectionism, or low level of serotonin can cause a person to develop an eating disorder. Social influences can also contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa. In our society, success and worthiness are often translated back into being thin. Peer pressure is also a factor that fuels the fire for Anorexia, especially among teen
Though seen as a time marked by many internal and social struggles, adolescents actually experience more positive treatment outcomes than adults with the same disorder (Westwood & Kendal, 2012). While research shows that FBT and CBT can be effective in treating adolescents with anorexia nervosa as separate treatments, there is new research supporting that the two treatments are extremely beneficial when used in conjunction. FBT aids in the immediate restoration of weight, while CBT helps to simultaneously reduce critical thinking associated with gaining weight (Hurst & Zimmer-Gembeck, 2015). FBT allows patients and families to see immediate results, however the results are less likely to be lasting. CBT on the other hand is shown to produce successful treatment results long of treatment has been terminated (Hurst & Zimmer-Gembeck, 2015; Grave et al., 2014). By coupling FBT with CBT patients would receive the benefits that come with having a family support system, and the longstanding benefits that come from learning how to change maladaptive thinking patterns associated with weight and physical
Men and women on social media, in movies and on advertisements tend to have the ideal body type (muscular and lean physique) (skinny with perfect curves) which causes teenagers to get influenced by them and become insecure with their bodies. Western culture and media present images of thin women as being beautiful and desirable, while men of larger size are still considered more acceptable. However, there is media and societal pressure for men to be muscular and “fit,” and women to be skinny and curvy at the same time. Anorexia is a problem in our society because there is no way to satisfy people, if we are too skinny- we need to eat, if we are overweight- we need to go on a diet and hit the gym. Society and social media pressure
This literature review shall examine the health issue of anorexia nervosa within the life stage of adolescence. As human development is a process of interactions between all aspects of life: biological, psychological and social factors will be analysed to provide an adequate understanding of the eating disorder within this framework. An assessment of sociocultural and cognitive behavioral theory will then be undertaken to identify the influences that lead to anorexia, and contribute to an understanding of its prevention and treatment. Lastly, the response will discuss how factors of diversity such as gender and sexuality provide varied experiences of the health issue. Overall, anorexia nervosa is not a transient issue for youth