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Crime consequences
Classic and modern understanding of justice
Classic and modern understanding of justice
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Animal experimentation for medical advancement must be abolished. Instead, such experiments would yield augmented results if conducted on humans. In the facilitation of experimentation, those who have been convicted, beyond a reasonable doubt, of heinous crimes must replace all laboratory animals. According to Black’s Law Dictionary heinous crimes are defined as those considered shockingly atrocious or odious. Examples of said crimes include: capital murder, serial murder, and serial rape of children and adults. Hence, those sentenced to death or life in prison. This is not to include those who proclaim their innocence, for only those who have been convicted either by DNA evidence or confession should be chosen. Guidelines must include that the perpetrator is absolutely guilty. Although, the term “absolutely guilty” appears ambiguous, it is not. Consider Hamilton Howard (Albert) Fish, the cannibal. After committing several heinous acts he composed, and sent horrific, boastful, letters to the parents of his victims, describing how the children tasted in explicit detail. Fish sought notoriety; therefore confessed openly. Subsequent of conviction he thanked the judge for his sentence: death by electrocution, stating it excited him. Fish is not the only killer of this nature. Consider Gary Leon Ridgway who confessed to the murders of forty eight prostitutes in the early 1980’s. Ridgeway is now serving a life sentence in Walla Walla, Washington State; without the possibility of parole. He strangled and methodically placed his victims in clusters, near landmarks, enabling him to keep a running tally in admiration of his “exceptional” work. Those engaged in serial killings often seek such recognition, confessing immediately to their c... ... middle of paper ... ... Law Dictionary. fourth. St. Paul: "Famous Serial Killer's Behind Bars." Inside Prison. (2013): n. page. Print. http://www.insideprison.com/snapshot-serial-killers-in-prison.asp Garner , Bryan. Black's Law Dictionary. fourth. St. Paul: West Publishing company, 2011. 353. Print. McDaniel, Mack. "That animal Welfare Cause." Care2 Animals. 18 Aug 2010: n. page. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. . Santora, Marc. "New York city is an Expensive Place to Live for Everybody." New York Times. 23 Ayg 2013: A16 - 17. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. Tuss, Jeffery, and Wanda Hunter. "Recreation Programs." Encyclopedia of Prisons and Correctional Facilities. (2012): n. page. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. .
Without animal research, cures for such diseases as typhoid, diphtheria, and polio might never have existed. Without animal research, the development of antibiotics and insulin would have been delayed. Without animal research, many human beings would now be dead. However, because of animal testing, 200,000 dogs, 50,000 cats, 60,000 primates, 1.5 million hamsters, and uncounted millions of rats and mice are experimented upon and die each year, as living fodder for the great human scientific machine. Some would say that animal research is an integral part of progress; unfortunately, this is often true. On the whole, animal testing is a necessary evil that should be reduced and eliminated whenever possible.
Charney-Perez, J. (2005, April 1). “History of Serial Killers”. Serial Killers. Retrieved April 23, 2014, http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/spring05/charney-perez/history.htm
Both in and out of philosophical circle, animals have traditionally been seen as significantly different from, and inferior to, humans because they lacked a certain intangible quality – reason, moral agency, or consciousness – that made them moral agents. Recently however, society has patently begun to move beyond this strong anthropocentric notion and has begun to reach for a more adequate set of moral categories for guiding, assessing and constraining our treatment of other animals. As a growing proportion of the populations in western countries adopts the general position of animal liberation, more and more philosophers are beginning to agree that sentient creatures are of a direct moral concern to humans, though the degree of this concern is still subject to much disagreement. The political, cultural and philosophical animal liberation movement demands for a fundamental transformation of humans’ present relations to all sentient animals. They reject the idea that animals are merely human resources, and instead claim that they have value and worth in themselves. Animals are used, among other things, in basic biomedical research whose purpose is to increase knowledge about the basic processes of human anatomy. The fundamental wrong with this type of research is that it allows humans to see animals as here for them, to be surgically manipulated and exploited for money. The use of animals as subjects in biomedical research brings forth two main underlying ethical issues: firstly, the imposition of avoidable suffering on creatures capable of both sensation and consciousness, and secondly the uncertainty pertaining to the notion of animal rights.
“The prospect that innocent people will be executed in America is horrifyingly likely.” In Alan Berlow’s article, “The Wrong Man”, Alan gives an unsparing report on the criminal-justice system and the death penalty. Although many believe the execution of an innocent person is impossible and many advocate that it is so, Alan gives a detailed look at the death penalty and how possible it is. The purpose of this article is to show the flaws in our criminal justice system and how common an innocent can be sentenced to death.
Although the flaws of death penalty are lucid, they are often times over looked by society. Innocuous people have been ruled to death based upon mistaken eyewitness testimonies, mistaken identity, and false confessions through coercion. Former Governor of Illinois George Ryan was a staunch proponent o...
Dieter, Richard C. "Innocence and the Death Penalty: The Increasing Danger of Executing the Innocent." DPIC. Death Penalty Information Center, 1 July 1997. Web. 12 Dec. 2014. .
throughout the whole world--the last murderer lying in prison ought to be executed before the resolution was carried out. This ought to be done in order that every one may realize the desert of his deeds, and that blood-guiltiness may not remain on the people; for otherwise they will all be regarded as participants in the murder as a public violation of justice.” (Rachels, 2010)
Animal testing began when William Harvey used animals 400 years ago to find out how blood circulated through the body. The "modern" era of animal research however started about 150 years ago with the rise of physiology as a science. It was very different back then. There were no anesthetics or effective painkillers, so the animals suffered a great deal, as did patients. Scientists learned that putting animals, or humans through that type of torture was inhumane. Consider having to have a leg amputated, which was not uncommon in those days due to the fact that infections got very severe without the use of antibiotics, without even so much as an anesthetic to control the pain. Now the treatment is there to help the pain, so neither human nor animal has to go through the excess undue strain. Through all the new medical technology still there will be people who disagree with animal testing. Animal testing provides many benefits that looked over most of the time. One of the most common questions is, “why are animals used in research?” The answer to that question can be broken down into three separate categories.
In Darkly Dreaming Dexter, Jeff Lindsay presents Dexter Morgan, a serial killer who kills only criminals, and in doing so, generates controversy about what constitutes morally justifiable behaviour. Lindsay’s protagonist blurs the lines between right and wrong, exposes the inherent flaws of justice systems, and ultimately forces the reader to evaluate his or her principles. While many North Americans believe that murder is unquestionably evil, I disagree on the basis that this stance overlooks the need to take into account the circumstances of the situation—such as who the victim is, who has committed the murder, and why he or she has done so—which are crucial factors in passing moral judgement on an offender’s actions. I argue that Dexter is correct to channel his sociopathy into something positive—disposing of individuals who have committed atrocious crimes in a vigilante fashion—because North American justice systems are incredibly flawed, as they allow heinous criminals to walk free too often due to prevailing social biases, systematic loopholes, and lack of manpower. Dexter compensates for this defect because, unlike justice systems, he eliminates criminals without prejudice towards the offender or the victim, operates on a straightforward basis free of political rigmarole, and achieves results in an efficient fashion, all of which make North American society a safer place, save lives of would-be victims, and spare their families mental anguish. Ultimately, this reveals that the line between what is right and wrong is not as clear as one might initially think, as well as the troubling notion that North American institutional structures are in need of reconstruction if readers are more confident in justice delivered by a ...
Ethics and morality are the founding reasons for both supporting and opposing the death penalty, leading to the highly contentious nature of the debate. When heinous crimes are com...
'Serial murder'; has long been a term used to describe those human beings that repeatedly commit heinous crimes. It is rare that the average person probes the mind of a serial killer without bias. However, what lies behind the eyes of a serial killer deserves more than the cold hard look that society so often gives (Aaronson, Inter...
Scheck, Barry, Peter Neufeld, and Jim Dwyer. Actual Innocence: Five Days to Execution and Other Dispatches from the Wrongly Convicted. New York: Random House LLC, 2000. Print.
“Since the reinstatement of the death penalty in the United States in 1976, 138 innocent men and women have been released from the death row, including some who came within minutes of execution. In Missouri, Texas and Virginia investigations have been opened to determine if those states executed innocent men. To execute an innocent person is morally reprehensible; this risk we cannot
Justifying the Killing of Animals for Research. Works Cited Missing Can killing animals for medical research, cosmetics, food and sport be? justifiable. What is the difference between a 'justifiable' For what reason can they be killed or should they not be? killed at all. Not killing animals at all would lead to overgrowth in population, which could cause damage to the environment.
Animals are used in research to develop new medicines and for scientists to test the safety of the medicines. This animal testing is called vivisection. Research is being carried out at universities, medical schools and even in primary and elementary schools as well as in commercial facilities which provide animal experiments to industry. (UK Parliament) In addition, animals are also used in cosmetic testing, toxicology tests, “defense research” and “xenotransplantation”. All around the world, a huge amount of animals are sentenced to life in a laboratory cage and they are obliged to feel loneliness and pain. In addition scientists causing pain, most drugs that pas successfully in animals fail in humans. It is qualified as a bad science. Above all, animals have rights not to be harmed even though the Animal Welfare Act does not provide them even with minimal protection. The law does not find it necessary to use current alternatives to animals, even if they are obtainable. Animal testing should be banned due to animal rights, ethical issues, alternative ways and the unreliability of test results in humans.