Urinary incontinence is a loss of bladder control or control over urination that is significant enough in frequency and amount to cause physical and/or emotional distress in the person experiencing it (Ford-Martin, Frey 2011). Incontinence occurs when there is dysfunction in either the storage function or occasionally, in the emptying function of the lower urinary tract (Santiagu, 2008, p.2). There are many different types of urinary incontinence that affect people worldwide, according to Ford-Martin/Frey (2011) there are five major categories of urinary incontinence: overflow, stress, urge, functional, and reflex. Overflow incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine associated with bladder over-distention in the absence of destrusor muscle contractions thus, people with overflow incontinence have an obstruction to the bladder or urethra, or a bladder that doesn't contract properly (Ford-Martin,Frey 2011, p. 1). This type of incontinence is most common in the older adults, especially men who have an enlarged prostate gland. Due to the enlarged prostate gland squeezing the urethra the bladder never empties completely and is full most of the time which can cause small amounts of urine to leak (Carter, 2012). The next type of incontinence is stress incontinence which occurs when vesical pressure exceeds urethral pressure in the setting of sudden increases in intraabdominal pressure, that can be associated to weakness of the pelvic floor or sphincter (Santiagu, 2008, p.2). Stress Incontinence is a leaking of urine and is common during pregnancy, coughing, sneezing, lifting or laughing, or during awkward body movements that stress the body's bladder control (President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2006, p. 1). Urge Incontinence o...
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...duals with urinary incontinence will be: a decrease in anxiety, individual will follow a bladder training program, demonstrate the proper use of incontinence products, will be free of infection (infection can cause urinary incontinence), will take medications as prescribed, and follow dietary restrictions/recommendations (PN Adult Medical Surgical Nursing Edition 8.0, 2012, p. 667).
List of References
Carter, A. (2012). Urinary Incontinence. Retrieved from http://www.galegroup.com.
Ford-Martin, P. & Frey, R. (2011). Urinary Incontinence. Retrieved from http://www.galegroup.com
President and Fellows of Harvard College. (2006). Urinary Incontinence. (Disease/Disorder overview).
Retrieved from http://www.galegroup.com
Santiagu, S. (2008). Urinary incontinence: Pathophysiology and management outline. Retrieved from
http://www.proquest.com
Risk assessment scales have been in situ for over 50 years within the adult sector. These scales consist of several categories, which are thought to be associated with the potential occurrence of a pressure ulcer. Factors such as mobility and incontinence etc. are considered. Each category of the assessment is added up to give a total. The score then suggests whether a patient is at low, medium or high risk of developing a pressure ulcer. Higher-risk patients are therefore more susceptible to develop pressure ulcers and interventions are implemented such as, Air mattresses or nutritional support which is hoped to reduce the occurrence of pressure
Many people never find out that they have had stones in their kidneys. Some stones are small enough to flow through the kidney without ever causing any pain. These are called "silent stones"(Ford-Martin & Odle, 2005) Kidney stones cause problems when they get in the way of the normal flow of urine. They can block the flow through the ureter that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. “The kidney is not accustomed to experiencing any pressure. When pressure builds from backed-up urine, it causes hydronephrosis” (Ford-Martin & Odle, 2005). If the kidney is subjected to this pressure for a while, there may be damage to the fragile kidney structures. When the kidney stone is lodged further down the ureter, the backed-up urine may also cause the ureter to swell. Because the ureter is a musc...
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common ailments that affect aging men. Statistics show that more than half of the entire male population aged 65 have some form of BPH, while about 90 percent of men aged 85 have the condition. Every year, in the United States alone, about a quarter of a million surgeries are performed to correct BPH. As they name implies, BPH is a non-malignant growth of the prostate, the gland that secretes semen, the fluid that transports sperm. Although not harmful, BPH can bring about symptoms that could largely affect the quality of life of its sufferers.
You can reduce the risk of UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) and possibly prevent them, by changing
This can be investigated by a range of procedures. These include a CT scan of the kidneys and bladder in conjunction with an abdominal X-ray. Results obtained from the diagnosis and tests enable judgments’ relating to the stage to which the problem has developed and will inform decisions on the appropriate treatment
2013). Inappropriate use of urinary catheter in patients as stated by the CDC includes patients with incontinence, obtaining urine for culture, or other diagnostic tests when the patient can voluntarily void, and prolonged use after surgery without proper indications. Strategies used focused on initiating restrictions on catheter placement. Development of protocols that restrict catheter placement can serve as a constant reminder for providers about the correct use of catheters and provide alternatives to indwelling catheter use (Meddings et al. 2013). Alternatives to indwelling catheter includes condom catheter, or intermittent straight catheterization. One of the protocols used in this study are urinary retention protocols. This protocol integrates the use of a portable bladder ultrasound to verify urinary retention prior to catheterization. In addition, it recommends using intermittent catheterization to solve temporary issues rather than using indwelling catheters. Indwelling catheters are usually in for a longer period. As a result of that, patients are more at risk of developing infections. Use of portable bladder ultrasound will help to prevent unnecessary use of indwelling catheters; therefore, preventing
Different studies had different result numbers or different percentage reduction rates which was primarily based on their indifferences in regards to study design utilized and sample size. As evidenced by research results (Magers, June 2013) and (Welden, 2013), these showed a reduction of urinary catheter days resulted in reduced CAUTI rates. Though different outcome results between the different research studies, they all strongly significantly supported the notion that a nurse-driven protocol to assess and evaluate the appropriateness and use of urethral catheter compared with a no protocol is essential to help in the reduction of CAUTIs. Interpreting these results, (Meddings et al., 2013) showed a drop greater than 52% in CAUTIs and a decrease in catheterization by 37%. The study results from the six scholarly research study articles showed nearly similar or corresponding outcomes. The results were significant enough to support the PICO question. In general, though the difference in sample size, the results still strongly supported excellent outcomes when a nurse-driven protocol is used to evaluate the necessity of continued urethral catheter use. (Chen et al., 2013, para.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of the urinary tract. The urinary tract is the body's drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. Urinary tract infections can have different names, depending on what part of the urinary tract is infected. The infection can include the bladder, kidneys, ureters, or the urethra. If the infection is in the bladder it is called “cystitis” or a bladder infection. If the infection is in the kidneys is it called “pyelonephritis” or a kidney infection? If the infection is in the urethra it is called “urethritis”. Most urinary tract infections are bladder infections. Infections in the ureters are very rare. Everyone is at risk of getting a UTI allowing bacteria to grow in the urine that stays
During pregnancy, most women may experience overactive bladder or urinary incontinence. This can be mild or infrequent, while for others, it can be severe that can eventually affect their daily routine. This type of incontinence experienced during pregnancy is known as stress incontinence. It is the loss of urine due to increased pressure on the bladder, which makes the bladder sphincter unable to function properly when it comes to holding urine. Pregnancy hormones can also cause the pelvic muscles to relax for the anticipated delivery, which in turn affects the ability to control urine. These hormones also speeds up bloods’ filtration into the kidneys, resulting in accumulation of more fluid in the bladder.
Loening-Baucke V. Urinary incontinence and urinary tract infection and their resolution with treatment of chronic constipation of childhood. Pediatrics 1997;100: 228-232
To start off, Non-gonococcal Urethritis (NGU) refers to an infection from the tube that runs from your bladder through the penis in men or the labia in women which passes the urethra. Normally, it is caused by gonorrhea but mostly chlamydia that is a sexually transmitted disease. There are multiple different ways how Non-gonococcal Urethritis is caused. An infection with chlamydia is half the case of NGU. Chlamydia is a bacterium type of germ that may be contacted threw sexual intercourse with an infected person. Perhaps, it can be passed down in to and out of vaginal, anal, or oral sex. There are other bacterial viruses that can be the cause of this disease. No cause can be found in 3 to maybe 10 cases. Sexually transmitted infections cannot be recognized by tests if it is not shown. Also, it is not attainable to know which cases are caused by an infection and the ones that are not.
The urinary system has many different organs in order for it to work as a whole. Each organ does different functions. The urinary system consists of the two kidneys, the two ureters, the bladder, the two sphincter muscles, the nerves in the bladder, and the urethra. After your body takes what it needs from the food you eat waste products are then left behind in the blood. The urinary system works with the lungs, skin, and intestines to keep the chemicals and water in your body balanced. The urinary system removes urea from your body. Urea is made when the foods you eat that are high in protein are broken down in the body. Urea is then carried into the bloodstream to the kidneys by the renal arteries.
can block the urinary tract. This blockage will probably cause a lot of pain. If
A urinary tract infection is a very common infection that can happen to anybody. A urinary tract infection usually occurs when bacteria enters the urethra and multiples in the urinary system. The Urinary tract includes the kidneys, the thin tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder (ureters), and the main tube that carries the urine from the bladder (urethra). Women, men, and children are all immune to this infection. Women have the highest chances of getting it. In the Urinary tract, the main links of the ureters help get rid of any bacteria that tries to enter the urine, and the bladder helps prevent urine from backing up into the kidneys.
The type of incontinence pad you need is dependent on your comfort level and personal needs. Therefore, choosing the right protection will guarantee confidence and avoid accidents as well as much stress.