Kidney Stone Removal
Introduction
Kidney stones emerge from the accumulation of material in the urine which tends to clog the kidney urine drainage system. Usually, this material flows out of the urinary system along with the urine. However, over extended periods of time, this material forms larger masses which may result in blockage of the urinary tract. This blockage may predispose to infection which is characterized by bleeding and relentless pain. It can eventually lead to kidney failure.
The normal diet contains different chemicals. It is the accumulation of these chemicals that causes kidney stones. Most kidney stones contain calcium in the form of citrate, phosphate or oxalate.
In the medical world, kidney stones which form in
This can be investigated by a range of procedures. These include a CT scan of the kidneys and bladder in conjunction with an abdominal X-ray. Results obtained from the diagnosis and tests enable judgments’ relating to the stage to which the problem has developed and will inform decisions on the appropriate treatment
A number of these do not require a surgical operation.
A procedure known as “shockwave lithotripsy” (SWL) may be used in cases where the kidney stones are in the small and medium growth stage. This requires the patient to be put under anesthesia whilst sound waves of certain intensity are directed on the stone. The waves crush the stones whilst minimizing pressure to the surrounding muscles. The resulting stone fragments are then washed out of the urinary tract. The patient experiences limited pain when this fluid is discharged from the body.
SWL is more effective on treating less developed stages of kidney stone formation. This technique reduces the need for more extensive surgical procedures. It results in less pain and discomfort after treatment than other procedures. It has limited side-effects. SWL may also be used for out-patient treatment, thereby making it inexpensive.
Where the kidney stone is in an advanced stage, more complex procedures are used to treat and manage the disease.
Where the stone is in the kidney, a scope known as a “nephroscope” is normally used. This procedure is referred to as percutaneous
We found that out of 22 patients had stone removed during the ERCP, 11 used balloon to remove the stone, and While 10 patients used basket and mechanical tools to remove the stones.
Kidney Care is comprised of U.S. dialysis and related lab services, ancillary services and strategic initiatives, including international operations and corporate administrative support. The U.S. dialysis and related lab services business is the largest line of business, which is a leading provider of kidney dialysis services in the U.S. for patients suffering from chronic kidney failure, also known as end stage renal disease (ESRD). The HCP division is a patient- and physician-focused integrated healthcare delivery and management company with over two decades of providing coordinated, outcomes-based medical care in a cost-effective manner ("DaVita Healthcare Partners 10-K Annual Report" 2015). STp(c) Segmentation, targeting, and positioning together comprise a three stage process.
The kidneys are located in the posterior section of the retroperitoneal cavity and are small, dark red kidney-bean shaped organs in the lower part of the rib cage (Marieb, The Urinary System, 2015). They are undervalued organs considering how essential they are for the body’s ability to maintain homeostasis. The kidneys filter about 120-150 quarts of blood to produce about 1-2 quarts of urine each day (NIH, 2014). Blood initially enters the kidneys through the renal artery. It then flows into the segmental artery before moving into the interlobar artery. From the interlobar artery the filtrate enters the arcuate artery before branching into the cortical radiate artery, which feeds into the afferent arteriole, before passing into the glomerulus where it begins to filter out waste. The filtered waste is then collected by renal tubule. The tubules drain to collecting ducts and all of these components together makes up a small unit called a nephron. Each kidney has over a million nephrons (Marieb, Blood Supply/ Nephrons, 2015). They filter out wastes that run through different body systems via blood; the majority of that waste is nitrogenous wastes, toxins, excess fluids, electrolytes, and drugs. These waste products are eliminated as urine. While waste are removed vital enzymes, hormones, and water are returned
Nephrolithiasis or kidney stone formation is a common form of renal disease characterized by crystal deposition in the renal medulla as a result of urinary supersaturation (Worcester and Coe 2009). It is the second most common kidney condition, and kidney stones affect approximately 6-12% of the United States population with the most affected subpopulation being Caucasian males. Nephrolithiasis is considered a systemic disorder that is associated with chronic kidney disease, an increased risk of coronary artery disease, bone loss and fractures, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Sakhaee et al. 2012).
Urinary Tract Infection, also known as UTI, occurs in two common locations, the bladder and kidneys. The kidneys are important organs that aid in filtering out waste products from blood and maintaining water distribution throughout the body. The waste products are filtered out via bladder, which is the reason of the bladder being the second site for the infection. A normal human being has two kidneys, one on left and right side, a bean shaped organ, and is located at the back of the abdomen. “Each kidney is about 11.5 cm long, 5-7.5 cm broad, 5 cm thick, and weight about 150 grams” (HealthInfoNet, Paragraph 2). Furthermore, a bacterium named Escherichia coli lives in both the kidneys and the GI tract. E. coli is part of the human body and produces
Urolithiasis is the process of forming stones in the kidney, bladder, and/or urinary tract.1 1,200 to 1,400 per 100,000 people will develop a urinary stone each year. Urinary stones are formed when there is a decrease in urine volume or an excess of stone forming substances are present. The use of diagnostic imaging plays a vital role in the diagnostic and treatment processes of a stone in the urinary track. This paper will discuss the signs, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of Urolithiasis.
I will be discussing a clinical case involving a 45-year-old grocery sales clerk experiencing a urinary disorder addressing issues such as: factors that could have been responsible for developing the stones; his water intake, diet, evaluation of the composition of the calculi; the outcome of test results for his WBC, blood calcium levels, CT scan, and X-ray; and the best treatment plan to prevent recurrence of post-treatment.
“The Nephrology Nursing Journal” was initially published in 1974, and is a refereed clinical and scientific resource that provides current information on a wide variety of subjects to facilitate the practice of professional nephrology nursing (ANNA, 2015). Its purpose is to disseminate information on the latest advances in research, practice, and education to nephrology nurses to positively influence the quality of care they provide (ANNA, 2015). It is designed to meet the educational and information needs of nephrology nurses in a variety of roles at all levels of practice, while also serving as a source of knowledge for non-nephrology nurses. (ANNA, 2015). Its content expands the knowledge base for nephrology nurses, stimulates professional growth, guides research-based practice, presents new technological developments, and provides a forum for review of critical issues promoting the advancement of nephrology nursing practice (ANNA, 2015).
The earliest known gallstone dates back to the twenty-first Egyptian Dynasty sometime between 1085-945 B.C., that was discovered in the mummy of a priestess of Amen. This ancient specimen was destroyed, unfortunately, in the bombing of England during World War Two. Gallstones or cholelithiasis were first described and further researched in the fifth century by the Greek physician named Alexander Trallianus. Trallianus wrote about stones within the bile ducts. Trallianus wrote about stones in the bile duct. Although, Trallianus discovered gallstones, he did not know there are different stages in the formation of gallstones. However, Carl Langenbuch of Berlin was credited to have performed the first cholecystectomy or surgical removal of the
After further multidisciplinary team meetings with the involvement of John the treatment option of automated peritoneal dialysis was implemented (NSF 2004). Once the Tenchkoff catheter had been inserted, education and training completed John was ready for discharge home.
In medicine dialysis is primarily used to provide an artificial support for the lost kidney function in people with renal failure.
This article is for people whose kidneys fail to work. This condition is called end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
In Swallowing Stones, the Fourth of July is a magical holiday all over our country, and a lot of people love to shoot off their guns to celebrate. Michael Mackenzie shoots off his new rifle into the air thinking nothing of it; Suddenly, four blocks away, Charlie Ward looks down at his daughter then collapses. However, In The Wave, Gordon High School has a teacher who takes his authority way too far in an experiment with his students that turns the whole school. This now gives Laurie Saunders a choice, stay true to herself, or do what everyone else is doing. However, The Wave doesn’t happen everyday, accidental shootings do. High school is a very tricky time, and students have so much to learn, especially about life. Also, they do not know enough
These wastes are derived from the liquid and food that the individual had consumed. In cases of compromised kidney function, the kidneys are no longer able to remove or filter wastes in the normal way. This means that wastes are left to accumulate in the bloodstream. When this scenario takes hold, it can negatively impact the patient 's electrolytes, therefore, positive action has to be taken to optimize the situation. When patients follow a renal diet it can help to slow down the advancement of total kidney failure, and ameliorate kidney function. Along with chloride and potassium, sodium represents one of the body 's main three electrolytes. The latter manipulate the fluids with enter and leave the body’s cells and tissues. Therefore, patients with renal disease must monitor their intake of electrolytes. Keeping a daily food dairy is essential (Nephcure), and will be of great benefit to the dietitian who can pinpoint certain details.
...people who eat a lot of protein and people who get kidney stones. Another link between peoples diets and kidney stones is salt. Eating too much salt increases the amount of calcium in our urine which in turn makes the risk of a kidney stone develop increase. Not only is it what we eat but also the amount that we eat. If we eat our portions in moderation and eat the right things, we will have less of a chance of developing kidney stones.