The Lisbon treaty followed the disastrous Constitutional Treaty of 2004 that was rejected in referendums in France and the Netherlands. After a period of reflection, negotiations began for another treaty (Laursen, 2013:9). These negotiations continued for months, after which it was left to the Portuguese presidency to complete the Treaty, and thus the Treaty became known as the Lisbon Treaty. It was signed in Lisbon on 13 December 2007, but only entered into force on 1 December 2009 following ratification
On 13 December 2007, the European heads of government signed the Lisbon Treaty, which was designed to make the European Union (EU) “more democratic , more transparent and more efficient” (BBC) after twelve new members have been added in 2004 and 2007. Before the treaty could enter into force, it had to be ratified by all EU members. This essay will summarize the Lisbon Treaty and the governmental and democratic consequences it will have on the EU decision making. It intends to state that Europe
The Charter is not incorporated in the Treaty of Lisbon, but under the Article 51 TEU, it has ‘the same legal value as the Treaties’. Despite Article 6 TEU and Article 51 of the Charter, some EU states, like the UK and Poland were concern about the ability of ECJ to change their national law. Therefore, the UK and Poland secured the adoption of a special protocol where Charter does not apply fully in both states. Protocol 30 was included in the Lisbon Treaty: ‘Protocol on the application of the
Sweden, Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia and Turkey.) Decision-making at the European Union comprises three main institutions; the European Commission (comprises all the member states), the European Parliament (its composition is governed by the founding treaties, and the Act of September 20, 1976 on election of members of the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage.) and the Council of the European Union (comprises of representatives of the member states and the presidency is held in rotation for
A preliminary ruling is the way in which the European Court of Justice (ECJ) uniformly imposes EU law on Member States It is governed by Article 267 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). It connects the national and EU legal systems, and facilitates the development of European Union law. As Craig and deBúrca highlight, Article 267 has been influential in the area of EU law, and through it, it has led to the development of the supremacy and direct effect doctrines. The
The Europea n Union is certainly one of the most powerful and organized organisations in the world, nowadays, it regroups about 500 millions people all over 28 countries in the European continent. On the contrary a very strange structure and some political and economical arrangements were done during the past years making the EU law sometime confusing and frustrating for some other countries. During this essay we will explain how the European Union is structured, explaining the most important institutions
‘decentralised'. They may deal with tasks of a legal and scientific nature. Examples are the Plant Variety Office, in Anger in France, which establishes rights to new plant varieties, or the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, in Lisbon in Portugal, which analyses and disseminates information on drugs and drug addiction. Three supervisory bodies help to enforce rules for financial institutions and thereby preserve the stability of Europe's financial system. They are the European
In England and Wales, there are 4 different sources of law, namely: Statute law, common law, European Union law and European Convention on Human Rights. These sources are either internal sources of law, for example: Statute law and Common law, or external sources of law such as European Union law and European Convention on Human Right (Adams 2014, pp28-33). First, it is important to understand that the legal system in England and Wales, also called English Law, is a Common law system. It has to be
It can apply in relation to regulations, directive, treaty provisions and decisions. There are two types of direct effect; vertical and horizontal. Vertical direct effect concerns relationship between EU law and national law specifically states obligation to ensure its observance and its compatibility with
The process for a member state to leave the EU is addressed in Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty. Article 50 basically states the following: The member state must decide to exit the EU. The member state must invoke Article 50 through notification to the European Council. The member state must negotiate the exiting terms with the EU. There
The European Parliament The European parliament (also referred as Europarl or the EP) is directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU) . It’s responsible for making legislative actions across the entire EU and it’s described as the most powerful legislatives in the world . Purpose: The purpose of the European Parliament is to provide, its citizen followings : 1. Better agricultural policies, rural development and better food quality 2. Fair competitive environment for both
Candidate number: 27785 States remain the principal actors in European integration and this should remain the case”. Discuss Nowadays, more and more European citizens are not satisfied with the European Union and the anti-European political parties are increasingly acquiring votes. There have been many debates and studies about the division of powers among the European institutions and about the influence and impact these institutions and the national parliaments have on the process of European
provides greater legitimacy and accountability of the administration in a democratic system because citizens are given the opportunity to understand the considerations underpinning EU regulations in order to exercise their democratic rights.. The Treaty of Amsterdam enshrined these principles. Article 255 TEC provided the legal basis for governing the right of public access to EU d... ... middle of paper ... ...the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data by the
cases. The first part of the essay will be based on a historical background, to give a better understanding of the social rights and the development and evolution of those rights throughout the years. The second part of the essay will discuss the EU Treaties and their approach towards the protection of the social rights. The third part of the essay will focus on the implementation of the EU Charter as a legal binding document to all Member States and the opt-outs from the Charter. This essay will conclude
Firstly, the relationship between the EU and the NATO, notably their cooperation and coordination is an essential factor affecting the EU consensus associated with military force. The NATO's new Strategic Concept states that ‘an active and effective European Union contributes to the overall security of the Euro-Atlantic area. Therefore, the EU is a unique and essential partner for NATO.’ The NATO and the EU have 21 members in common. But all of them have only one set of military forces and capabilities
,With the Lisbon Treaty, the European Union has a new peace-building mandate (Article 21), a new structure (European External Action Service). It is therefore no reason why the EU cannot take the lead and really affect peace building in the world., (Steven Blockmans and Ramses A. Wessel. The European Union and Crisis Management). With the above treaty (new peace-building mandate) now is a particularly good time for the EU to take
Introduction: The European Union (EU) represents one of the most successful experiments in regional integration in the history of international relations. There is no doubt about that European Union is the most institutionalized international organization in the world. It shows up an effort at promoting the political and economic integration of its member states in Europe. As the neo-functionalism theory emphasizes to regional integration and mutual cooperation, so the aim of this paper is to examine
The Single European Market (SEM), originally called the common market, now also known as the internal market, is in theory, a market within which there is free movement between European Union (EU) members of goods, services, labour and capital (collectively known as the four freedoms). It involves all 28 members of the EU. Many observers has argued that the SEM is at the core of EU integration. This essay will first of all briefly recap the history of SEM and explain its main features. Thereafter
The European Union is a supranational government body that is, by definition, changing the traditional role of the nation state and sovereignty in Europe. This Union was formed voluntarily by states with similar goals and is unique in its conception and design to the European continent. Although The EU (European Union) is strengthening Europe economically and politically the states that form it have surrendered considerable amounts of their national sovereignty. The meaning of sovereignty has evolved
Introduction: In accordance with the above statement, this essay will examine the nature of the main objectives of competition law and how they are related with Articles 101 and 102 TFEU. Definition of competition law: Competition law has always been central element to the EU law. It covers anti-competitive agreements between undertakings, abuse of a dominant position, and mergers. The provisions of competition aimed to create or maintain competitive markets. The objectives of competition law: A