combined to take advantage of each vector’s positive traits for transfection. Cytotoxicity results from the mice transfected in vivo found that there was no significant difference in cell viability between mTat, PEI, or mTat/PEI complex. These results demonstrated the remarkable ability to significantly increase both the efficiency of transfection and gene expression in vivo without conferring any increase in cytotoxicity. Cell penetrating peptides (CPP), including mTat, have proven to be effective
design, and functionalization of AuNPs have to, improve their efficiency, bio-compatibility, and find new applications to mature the nanotechnology discipline. Several scientific reports have appeared in the last decade that are highlighting the cytotoxicity of AuNPs [3,4]. Some researchers have been demonstrated that the different toxicity pattern of AuNPs obtained from different... ... middle of paper ... ... situ synthesized discrete Au nanoparticles. Langmuir 2012; 28: 5947−5955. [23] Iosin
neuronal support cells in the Central nervous system (CNS) (Kettenmann et al., 2011). Microglial cells are responsible for surveying brain and spinal cord (invertebrates and vertebrates), in protection from pathogens and injury, phagocytosis, and cytotoxicity and immune homeostasis (Garden and Moller, 2006). Microglia’s homeostatic function achieves profound salubrious therapeutic state corollary for prophylaxis of neurological health in the central nervous system (Garden and Moller, 2006). Microglia
Immunotherapies combat cancer by utilizing the body’s own immune system. By activating the immune system to specifically target cancer cells, many of the side effects of conventional chemotherapies due to the nonspecific killing of healthy cells, such as hair loss, are avoided. The most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which comprises approximately 30% of all new diagnoses.1 The median age of those presenting is mid-60s. The cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin
Science that deals with study of materials or any particles that is so small and measured in nanometer scale is called “Nanoscience”. Study about very small particles and its chemical and physical changes at nanoscale is not an easy business. Nanotechnology studies the big picture of those small particles, manipulates them to advance new devices and materials. The name “nanotechnology” was created in year 1974 (). But the concept of manipulating Nano particles has been around for centuries mainly
from the british virgin islands.Bulletin of marine science, 87(3), 421-435. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2010.1093 Wang, F., Gao, F., Lan, M., Yuan, H., Huang, Y., & Liu, J. (2009). Oxidative stress contributes to silica nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity in human embryonic kidney cells. Toxicology in vitro, 23, 808-815. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.04.009 Xu, F., Piett, C., Farkas, S., Qazzaz, M., & Syed, N. I. (2013). Silver nanoparticles (agnps) cause degeneration of cytoskeleton and disrupt synaptic
chemotactic factor, interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, TNF alpha/beta, etc. (#1) Analytical tests in type IV hypersensitivity include delayed cutaneous reaction and patch test. In vitro tests for delayed hypersensitivity include mitogenic response, lympho-cytotoxicity and IL-2 production. Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive agents are used in treatment. The diseases associated with type IV hypersensitivity are tuberculin test, poison ivy and granuloma.
Nano technology in dentistry - review article. Introduction Nano-technology is a revolution in almost all disciplines of life today. Nanotechnology approaches the manipulation of matter at atomic and molecular level. This technology, which deals with matter in nano-dimensions, has widened our views of poorly understood health issues and provided novel means of diagnosis and treatment. Dentistry, not being an exception, also faces major revolutions to constantly provide better and more comfortable
Herbal medicine is the traditional medical practice and it’s an important part of medicine to this day. To treat different ailments there are various indigenous systems such as Siddha, Ayurveda, Unani and Allopathy use differnt plant species1. Allopathic medicine is a system of medicine that focuses primarily on reacting disease rather than on promoting health. The use of herbal medicine is popular due to toxicity and side effects of allopathic medicines. Cancer is presently responsible for about
Conventional medications are those in your major pharmacies, and the cost is increasing every day. Many seniors cannot afford to buy their monthly prescriptions while financial aid for this emergency decrease. People choose either to buy medications or groceries. Although with most medications you need to eat food with it to prevent it from destroying the lining of the stomach, people cannot afford to get both medication and food. There are many dilemmas pertaining to the cost of drugs. Doctors find
Scientifically tested animals are not protected by the Animal Welfare Act. The majority of animals scientists use for testing, are not protected by the AWA. The AWA does not protect the animals that need to be protected the most. “Does not protect mice, rats, farm animals, or all cold blooded animals” (3). “26 million animals are used for testing just in the United States, and 95% are not protected by the AWA” (3). Most scientists refuse to protect animals used for testing because it is expensive
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has proven to be an encouraging therapy used in treating metastatic melanoma skin cancers. There are three requirements for PDT to be successful: a photosensitizer (PS), light, and oxygen in the tumor site. One problem with current PS is their inability to penetrate deeply. A suggested PS is chlorin e6 (Ce6) because of its high singlet oxygen quantum yield, bright fluorescence, and rapid clearance from the body. However, there are some challenges with Ce6 as it is
Research Experience I have proactively engaged in research activity throughout my undergraduate program. I had my first research experience in Dr. B Anand’s lab, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Guwahati, during my second year. The aim of the project was to study the non-fluorescent beta-barrel structured proteins and engineer its amino acid sequence to make them into fluorescent ones. Our approach was mainly based upon the studies of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) from a jellyfish Aequorea
Relationship between the targets and the disease MS is a chronic "autoimmune" disease of the central nervous system. The oligodendrocytes decease and the myelin sheath around nerves is destroyed. This process takes place in different areas of the CNS. The openings that emerge because of demyelination are filled by reactive astrocytes (astrogliosis) and develop scar tissue (sclerotic plaque). After demyelination a neuron can no longer effectively conduct electrical signals. Neurological characteristics
Cancer immunology Our immune system protects our bodies from pathogens like bacteria and viruses very efficiently in most cases. One big question that has come up is why does the immune system not respond to cancerous cells in the same way? Why are cancer cells not eradicated like other dangerous foreign cells? This seems very strange, especially since the immune system has cells that are specific to destroying cancer cells and virus-infected cells, called natural killer cells. To begin to answer
to produce accurate results on a daily basis. The role offered me both routine and research and development responsibilities and I learned a diverse skill sets in the capacity. Following an established and validated SOP to run the Natural Killer Cytotoxicity assay on patient whole blood, cryopreservation, performing several enzyme immunoassays, while also maintaining several different cell line cultures on a daily basis were some of the responsibility the routine role afforded me. Furthermore, I was
Results Mitochondrial activity The mitochondrial activity of hMSCs exposed to epinephrine or vasopressin for 40 min was not significantly lower than the activity of cells in the control group when measured 1 h, 24 h, and 7 days after exposure (Figure 1). Apoptosis rate To assess apoptosis, we measured levels of caspase-3 and PARP-1 at 1 h, 24 h, and 7 d. A significantly (p < 0.05 - 0.001) higher level of PARP-1 was found in hMSCs 24 h and 7 d after exposure to vasopressin (Figures 2 and 3) and
This drug is better preferred than bortezomib due to many of its advantages, such as its more specific and with a small activity outside of the proteasome. Carfilzomib doesn’t become resistance to the tumor cell compared to bortezomib due to this reason this drug was synthesized for better treatment for cancer. The process of this drug is similar to bortezomib in some way, it is capable to delay proliferation and induce apoptosis to malignant plasma cells due to the selectivity and irreversible of
In chemistry there are a lot of elements on the periodic table. One of the elements is hydrogen. Hydrogen the first element in the periodic table it is colorless, combustible and lightest of all gases. It was first artificially produced in the early 16th century by Henry Cavendish. As we know hydrogen can be used as fuel, and the fossil fuel energy has been used in many areas, but human can’t produce the fossil energy fuel by themselves, the more we use, the less we have left, so hydrogen may be
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction to metal distribution in Blood plasma Plasma was considered as the most important part of human blood, which carries out most of the function in relation to transport. Fluids is the major constituent of plasma, with an estimated total protein concentration of about 7.0-7.5 g/dl, as the solid component in plasma, that contain a complex mixture of different proteins which are mainly glycoprotein and lipoproteins. The concentration of plasma protein is largely