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Literature review on impact of television on children
Literature review on impact of television on children
Television affects family life
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In the United States, 96.7 percent of American households own television sets (Nielsen, 2011). Whether it is watching the news to catch up on what is going on in the world, or checking the road conditions for the morning rush hour; television has become a necessity in every household. Television gives people the ability to take a break from life and melt away into a different world. Children in particular, have become overly attached to TV. In many cases children are being left in front of the television for hours to entertain themselves. Children learn from what see adults and other children do. Parents or guardians must take the proper steps to become a more effective role model by changing their own habits and lifestyles. What can be done to reach out to parents and children to help them take the needed steps to lead a better and more productive life? Television teaches important life skills, but creates a bad influence on children’s behavior because of inappropriate content and the sedentary lifestyle it creates.
Today’s economic situation has created a life where either both parents are forced to work to earn a living or children are residing in a single family home. Television has taken the place of parental guidance and in recent years fewer children have a full time parent at home to guide them. In a recent study, over two-thirds of all three to five-year-old children are cared for by someone other than their parents, compared to a fifth in 1970 (Mintz, 2012) . Parents are stricter with their children and usually act in their best interest; in short no one can care for a child like their parent(s) can. When children are left with babysitters or at daycare centers, television is used as a means to control ...
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...z, S. (01/2012). The Modern Family. Retrieved from http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/modernfamily.cfm
Mistry, K. B., Minkovitz, C. S., Strobino, D. M., & Borzekowski, D. L. (2007, October). Children's Television Exposure and Behavioral and Social Outcomes at 5.5 Years : Does Timing of Exposure Matter? Pediatrics, 120(No. 4), 762-769.
Nickelodeon's World Wide Day of Play Press Site. (2011, September). Retrieved from http://www.nickpress-worldwidedayofplay.com/prosocialhistory.html
Nielsen, T. (2011, May). Nielsen Estimates Number of U.S. Television Homes to be 114.7 Million. Retrieved from http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/media_entertainment/Nielsen-estimates-number-of-u-s-television-homes-to-be-114-7-million/
Shulman, J. (2004). Television and kids: link to behavioural problems.. Alive: Canada’s Natural Health & Wellness Magazine, 264(264), 84-86
Television is a distraction for children and can hurt their cognitive abilities if they watch too much because it is non interactive. In the International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Helena Duch and colleagues mentioned that the American Academy of Pediatrics advises, “parents avoid exposing children 2 and under to screen media, a nationally representative survey found that 68% of children under the age of 2 use screen media in a typical day, and that average screen time was 2.05 hours per day” (Dutch et al 2). Children live in a world full of screens, ranging from iPhones, TVs, to tablets and computers. Drastic brain development occurs during the ages of 1-3 and exposing them to too much screen time of any kind can have negative effects on them (Hopkins 27). Putting them in front of a screen also steals away from times they could be talking, playing, and interacting with their surroundings. Pediatrician Dr. Michael Rich claims that shows d...
Eron, L.D. (1963). Relationship of television viewing habits and aggressive behavior in children. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 193-196.
During the first two years of an infant’s life, their sensorimotor attributes are significant in cognitive developments (Berk, 2011). While still adapting to the world itself, the exposure of television might be too difficult for babies to digest all at once as each scene goes from five to eight seconds (Pantley, 2004). Ironically, it was noted that in the United States, approximately 74 percent of children under the age of twenty four months watch television (Rideout, Vandewater, & Wartella, 2003). Many of the learning programs available to the youth, such as Sesame Street and Blue’s Clues are intended for children between the ages of two and six, coincidentally the same age frame of the preoperational stage of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development. This stage emphasizes the use of symbols to represent their earlier sensorimotor skills, which is why nonverbal communication is critical and consistently used in these learning television programs (Berk, 2011).
It may be hard to admit, but television has become an intricate part of our everyday lives. People children often find themselves sitting in front of the television screen for a longer period of time than before and this has evolved immensely over the past few years. In this article, “The Trouble with Television,” by the author Marie Winn, mentions that addiction of television is negative effects on children and families. It keeps the families from doing other things and it’s a hidden competitor for all other activities. Television takes place of play and on top of that kids who watch a lot of television grow uncivilized. Also, the author mentioned that televisions are less resourceful for children and have negative effects on children’s school achievement and on physical fitness. Although there are so many other types of addictions but the author Marie Winn’s points of argument of watching television is a serious addiction that our children and families have negative effects.
"How TV Affects Your Child." Kids Health - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's
Author also point out television undermines the family. Most parents are now relying on outside sources such...
In “Television Harms Children”, Ann Vorisek White claims that the intellectual and cognitive development of children who frequently watch television is threatened. To support this claim, she points to the findings that “the more television children watch, the weaker their language skills and imaginations” (White, 2006). Before the brain fully matures around age 12, it is in the stage of rapid development. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) “recommends that children under the age of two not watch TV or videos, and that older children watch only one to two hours per day of nonviolent, educational TV” (White, 2006). A study from the AAP (as cited in White, 2006) found that the average American child watches four hours of television every day. Considering "expression and reasoning are not automatic" abilities, young children who routinely watch television eventually become "passive and nonverbal" to stimuli in their environment (White, 2006). Since the normality of curiosity and imaginations of young children are the foundation of how they learn, remaining passive for extended periods of time affects their intellectual and moral development.
Television has become a big part in children’s day-to-day lives especially in the 20th century. Children in this century rely on television to keep them entertained and educated instead of entertaining and educating themselves by participating in activities, which will teach them a lot more in life then the actual television. There is no doubt that children are most easily influenced by television because of the different content that they watch as well as the amount of time consumed watching TV. The television does have an emotional and intellectual development on children but this all depends on the content that they’re watching and the way that they absorb the information that the show is trying to send out. Different programs will portray
Children in their adolescents years watch a great amount of TV each week and it is almost inevitable that they will start to be influenced by what they see on their television. They will see diffe...
Without a doubt, television is the central and principal form of communication in many people’s lives. This form is most often exposed to a child who instantly becomes accustomed to its presence. Children are televisions largest audience, as Morris shows, “Children aged two to five look at the TV tube on an average of 28.4 hours a week; those between the ages of six and eleven average 23.6 hours a week”. Television has played an important role in many children’s lives and its viewing has been a favorite activity for many of them. The effects of television on children have been disputed. Some people have said that viewing time has a negative impact on children. Other people, however, feel that the early educational television productions for children help tehm learn.
Television is everywhere these days, not just in our living rooms but in bathrooms, kitchens, doctor's offices, grocery stores, airplanes, and classrooms. We have access to TV virtually anywhere and as American's we are taking advantaged of it. Adults aren't the only ones watching TV; children today are watching more TV than ever before. TV has even become known as "America's baby-sitter." (Krieg). Meaning that parents are now using the television as a way of entertaining their children while they attempt to accomplish other things such as cooking and cleaning.
There are many facts that show how children are affected by television. The most obvious is the effects that television has on the brain. 'Television interferes with the development of intelligence, thinking skill and imagination.';(LimiTv) A huge element of thinking is taking from what you already know and deciding how it applies in different situation. School makes you do this, but television does not. Michael and Sheila Cole, sociologist, say that 'Children socialized to learn from television had lower than normal expectations about the amount of mental effort required to learn from written texts, and tended to read less and perform relatively poorly in school.';(Development of Children 24) Which means that it takes very little effort to follow a television show and kids are raised on television believe that it takes less effort to learn from television rather than books because they have been 'spoon-fed'; information by television. 'Opportunities for a child's imagination to develop are also denied by habitual viewing.'; (Neural Activity and the Growth of the Brain) Children need some unstructured time to allow imagination skills to form by thinking about a book or story, a conversation, or an event.
How TV Affects your Child? Kids Health. October 2011. Web. The Web.
Televisions play an important role in our children’s lives; they serve as a way to learn new things and expand their knowledge, as well as a form of entertainment. Televisions have a variety of advantages on a child’s development and personality. However, it can certainly have negative effects on children if used in an incorrect manner. This essay is intended to explore and contrast the positive and negative effects television can have on our children.
Benefits of watching television at the young age would be that children’s social skill, emotional skill and creativity can be improved by watching the talk shows; it is proved by a study. For example, Children can learn how to communicate with other people and how to react properly when they are asked to response. In addition, TV shows such as C.S.I Miami, Criminal Minds and Bones can teach children how to think logically and stragically. Although books can transfer the knowledge to the young generations, but it has limitations that certain facial expressions and body languages cannot be transferred by few words. Furthermore, the beautiful images of the nature on the tv screen can let the children to take a long travel from their home to the deep in the ocean, top of Mt.Everest or middle of Sahara the dessert.