Literature review provides an opportunity to assess the supportive material as related to a planned proposal. It may also perform the opposite role as one seeks to uphold a studied proposition. This literature review provides insights to the use of double skin facades. Double skin facade relates to the somewhat limited comfort range of the human body, and depends on activity and environmental circumstance. It must examine the broad spectrum of human and environmental needs. Fairly, all available materials are assessed in order to arrive at an informed recommendation or decision. Conceptual Frame Work Creating a net zero building involves many sustainable systems that have to work together in order to succeed. When I chose to create an exterior façade to save energy, the program “Climate Consultant” recommends that I focus on the following systems to keep my building efficient: • Day lighting- to help offset the cost of lighting the space. • Sun Shading- to reduce the need for air conditioning in the summer time. • Passive Solar Design- to provide a free heating and cooling system by exposing the south facing façade to direct sunlight during the winter months, only allowing the interior of the building to absorb the sunlight while shading the summer sun and not allowing it into the building to keep it cooler inside. • Cross Ventilation- Directing the wind through the building at certain times of the year will help cool the building without using energy. • Ceiling Fans- indoor air movement can make it seem cooler. • Sun/Wind Protected outdoor space- extend internal areas outdoor in cooler weather • Limit Floor Plan Size- keeping building small will limit amount of energy needed to heat/cool Spaces. • Plants- along the west façade to shade structure from noon summer sun. The ultimate goal of the smart exterior façade is reaching zero net energy. The smart exterior façade will promote greater utilization of the facility and greater outreach within the community. The following series of articles help define what sustainable strategies work best for the exterior façade of a building. These first two articles deal with double-skin façade systems. The systems and ideas they discuss will be the same idea I will cover in the paper. The first article deals with the openness between exterior spaces and interior spaces in buildings. It explains the use of double skin façade. The smart façade unit was installed at the college of architecture building in Georgia institute of technology as a study model. There are three important elements for using the double-skin system: energy use, visual comfort, and thermal comfort.
LEED, or Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design, is a certification program for green buildings with stringent requirements for building energy efficient and environmentally responsible structures. Some requirements of this program include specific building materials, smart grid capable, gray water reclamation systems, green space minimums, high levels of insulation and low thermal transfer glass (US Green Building Council). Green buildings are a must if we are to sustain our current level of growth. Despite the higher initial cost of these buildings, the long term energy savings make these buildings a smarter choice for
... the sun isn’t as high up in the sky. Large open spaces and a covered loft promote stack ventilation which also further increase the comfort zone. A mud room/hallway doubles as an airlock during extreme temperature months. The addition of active systems suffices for the rest of the heating load. On the roof positioned is a solar hot water panel which has access to solar gain. A small tankless electric water heater boosts stored hot water temperatures when needed. The ultimate goal is to simply reduce energy use by half of what the average household uses. The equipment chosen is an Eemax Electric Tankless Hot Water Heater. A solar hot water panel mounted on the dormer heats water through glycol exchange. A tankless electric hot water heater 1) boosts the solarheated stored water if it is below desired temps and 2) provides back up water heating during cloudy periods.
Solar energy is energy taken from the light that reaches earth's surface from the sun. There are four different kinds of solar energy, which are active solar systems, passive solar systems, photovoltaic cells and concentrating power systems. An active solar systems is a system that captures solar energy by mechanical means. Common active solar systems are often in buildings or homes. Some examples are roof collectors and water heating. Low Intensity and high variability have limited the use of active solar energy in Canada. A pass...
In passive solar design, the vertical and horizontal surfaces control the heat transfer; in winters collect and distribute solar heat and dissipate heat in summer. Passive solar techniques utilize solar energy through direct or indirect solar gain to achieve environmental comfort in the building. The key factors in passive solar building design are: site planning and design; thermal mass; solar geometry; ventilation and vegetation.
Reduce your home’s heat load. Close windows, shutters, and drapes facing the sun during the day. Turn off lighting and electrical devices as possible.
In conclusion, the designers and builders of the tower have an undesirable job: creating a building that is functional, modern, sustainable and unique. At the same time it is honoring the memory of the people that died in and around the buildings that stood there before. While the green sustainable features have been criticized for being too expensive, they will do more than save just water, electricity and emissions. They and the grace of the building will inspire a generation of green and safe skyscrapers for the twenty-first century. This building has become one of the safest, environmentally friendly and expensive ever built, but as critics slate the building for various reasons, one cannot take away the determination through political, social and economic status that designers and workers have created such a beautiful building with great meaning.
...also save energy by using motion censoring for doors and sinks. The dining rooms and foyers should have dim-able light switches. Another way to save a lot of energy is to make a master switch at the front door that turns off all lights. That way you never leave a light on when you aren't at home. You should use natural gas cook tops and ovens to cut down on electricity.
Bioclimatic design is used to define potential building design strategies ad potentials, ad to utilize natural energy flow while minimizing conventional energy use. a bioclimatic chart indicates that whenever outdoor temperature, solar heat, wind and humidity conditions fell within the
Although satisfying thermal comfort for each occupant should be considered as ideal design requirement; individual factors, activity and clothing level or personal expectations leads the designers to provide comfort for the majority of the occupancy. This definition is only depends on relative humidity and temperature (Sensirion,
Sunspaces or Sunrooms which are similar to solar greenhouses work with the elements of direct gain and indirect gain system features. Sunlight entering the sunroom is kept in the thermal mass and air of the room. Sunlight is brought into the house by way of conduction through a shared mass wall in the rear of the sunroom, or by strategically placed vents that permit the air between the sunroom and living space to be exchanged by convection. The sunspaces is designed to heat tjacent living spache sunspaces as well as the adjac
Running a fan to circulate the air well help also. All bathrooms should have facets that are automatic to shut on and off with a sensor. Toilets should be set up also with the automatic sensors. Hand dryers should be set with automatic sensor to help save on energy and save on paper towels. The heating and cooling system should be checked yearly by a license
Sustainable design seeks to reduce negative impacts on the environment, the health and comfort of building occupants, thereby improving building performance. The basic objects of sustainability are to reduce consumption of non-renewable resources, minimal waste, and create healthy, productive environments (“Sustainable Design”). Focusing primarily on the sustainable design principles, there are five, including: low-impact materials, energy efficiency, quality and durability, design for reuse and recycling, and renewability. As sustainability appears to become the necessary trend in architecture, the question concerning the cost versus outcome of “going green” really an investment or a waste of time and money comes to mind. With our research provided below, we believe the expenses may truly be with the investment in the end.
This is a Green Building Rating System that accelerates and encourages worldwide adoption of green buildings in addition to...
"A Renewed Commitment to Buildings and Their Social Benefits." U.S. Green Building Council. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. .
The beginnings of today's green revolution can be traced back to the environmental awareness of the 1960s and European design. New construction techniques have lead to the development of innovative materials and design concepts. Green buildings are designed, constructed and commissioned to ensure they are healthy for their occupants. Successfully designed green projects can involve an extensive array of factors, ranging from the resourceful use of materials, to careful consideration of function, climate, and location.