Reason as a way of knowing denotes constructing meaning by modifying and justifying ideas and beliefs based on new or existing information. The term logic, meaning deriving from the use of valid information, is used synonymously with reason, and is recognized as a branch of reasoning. Reason is a way of thinking and the word logic describes the way reasoning follows certain rules and standards. When making a claim to knowledge, coherent reason and consistency are expected to support and provide stability to an argument. Reason plays the role of discovery, creation, and justification in knowledge claims. When a dispute or argument occurs, validity of logic and appropriateness of reason are essential elements in not only justification of one’s point of view, but also in the acceptance of reliability of one’s knowledge. The advantages of discriminating between valid and invalid arguments, good and bad reason, and more or less persuasive reasoning are found in increased problem solving skill, the acquired ability to recognize important ethical and moral values in society, and the advantage of flexibility found in arguments or disagreements where opposition is encountered.
The value of reason in problem solving is seen in fields such as mathematics. Mathematical logic, a division of mathematics, explores the application of formal logic to analyze mathematical equations. The field was created in an effort examine the consistency and validity of foundational theorems. Using reason and logic, theories are evaluated with large, complex number schemes to determine if the answer is indeed logical, based on whether or not it can satisfy a common rule with consistency (Crossley et al. 82). Reason also applies to other areas of problem solving...
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... allow for the individual to be extremely coherent and precise, a necessary ability for clear communication and understanding.
The advantages reason presents to both individuals and society are necessary and valuable in communication, justification, and problem solving. Reason enhances our ability to understand each other, those around us, and in a bigger sense, the world. Reason exists in everyday decision making and problem solving throughout many aspects of knowledge. The requirements of logical validity serve throughout the everyday experiences of individuals and society as a whole. In disputes and contradiction, the issue is not the only subject of the matter, but the validation of reason is essential in reaching the conclusion. In this way reason unites us all as a method of coming together to understand and accept each other no matter what our views may be.
In “The Epistemic Significance of Disagreement”, Thomas Kelly gives two responses to the question “How should awareness of disagreement, with those that you take to be your epistemic equal, effect the rational confidence you have in your beliefs?”. Kelly discusses two possible responses to the question. The first is Richard Foley's first person perspective argument. Adam Elga calls the second the right reasons view (Elga, 2007 pg. 485). Kelly pursues the latter, and does not go further than agreeing with Foley that we should only view these disputes with a first person perspective.
Performance, or ability of the client to develop communication skills and maintain cognitive processing capacity.
"And this is of course the difficult job, is it not: to move the spirit from it's nowhere pedestal to a somewhere place, while preserving its dignity and importance."
Rationalism derives from the idea that accepts the supremacy of reason, as opposed to blind faith, and aims at establishing a system of philosophy, values, and ethics that are verifiable by experience, independent of all arbitrary assumptions or authority. The principle doctrine of rationalism holds that the source of knowledge is reason and logic. Thus, rationalism is contrasted with the idea that faith, revelation and religion are also valid sources of knowledge and verification. Rationalists, in this context, prioritize the use of reason and consider reason as being crucial in investigating and understanding the world, and they reject religion on the grounds that it is unreasonable. Rationalism is in contradistinction to fideism;
The dictionary term and understanding for the word ‘logic’ is “of sound thinking and proof by reasoning” (Merriam-Webster, 2009). Logic is the examination of the methods and doctrine used to determine ‘correct’ from ‘incorrect’ and is used in the structure of an argument. Allied to critical thinking, logic has a place and holds a relationship that reflects the thought process yet; critical thinking has a more diverse standard of questioning relative to developing both intellectual and emotional queries that can better evaluate reason.
Logic affects our lives everyday. We use it both subconsciously and consciously to make decisions which can be as important as our careers, or as insignificant as what to eat for lunch. Logic can also be used in other ways. Ironically, others’ bad logic can result in us learning something just as much as we learn from our own bad decisions. This is shown in Monty Python’s Quest for the Holy Grail.
on the ability of the thinker to be able to successfully think logically. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, logic is defined as "the science of reasoning, proof, thinking, or inference." Therefore, being able to think logically would assist in one's critical thinking abilities. Logic is not tainted by human emotion, and is therefore can be considered a reliable tool to accompany the critical thinking process.
It is important to be able to distinguish scientific, philosophical, religious, and speculative explanations and causes apart from each other. To be able to discern the four apart we need to first understand what they are and what their purpose is.
Internal logical consistency is fundamentally important for epistemological soundness, for a logically inconsistent theory yields contradictory explanations or predictions, and is unable to either explain or predict crime occurrences.
Communication is essentially important in our daily lives. Some people are born with the ability to use verbal-linguist intelligence. No matter how people are able to communicate they find a way to address an issue and are successful to get their point across. This can be expressed in many different ways. The ability to take a word and use in the correct context takes great comprehension of its definition and meaning.
In this book, Samir Okasha kick off by shortly describing the history of science. Thereafter, he moves on scientific reasoning, and provide explanation of the distinction between inductive and deductive reasoning. An important point Samir makes, is the faith that humans put into the inductive reasoning
We can provide the good explanation with strong evidence that nobody can make objection. Even though it makes my mental was breakdown when I’m doing the assignment but it trains our brain to think critically without any boundaries. We can go more far as we can but depends on the situation as long as we are not out of track. That is my comments so far for this
Reasoning is a way of knowing; it is the process of forming ideas based on previous knowledge. It is rational, and therefore by reasoning, events appear to be logical and consistent. Whether reasoning can expose truth is determined...
The Nature of Mathematics Mathematics relies on both logic and creativity, and it is pursued both for a variety of practical purposes and for its basic interest. The essence of mathematics lies in its beauty and its intellectual challenge. This essay is divided into three sections, which are patterns and relationships, mathematics, science and technology and mathematical inquiry. Firstly, Mathematics is the science of patterns and relationships. As a theoretical order, mathematics explores the possible relationships among abstractions without concern for whether those abstractions have counterparts in the real world.
- What we know by intuition and deduction, or what we know natively, we could not know through sense experience: reason is