Is intelligence a single skill set or a multitude of strengths and abilities? According to Gardner (2008), "An intelligence must also be susceptible to encoding in a symbol system- a culturally contrived system of meaning that captures and conveys important forms of information" (p. 8). The way we as human beings become so successful in our daily lives can be determined in many different ways. People differ in the way their mind works . Many factors influence our capabilities of learning. Howard Gardner is a man who created a theory to help break down the human minds ability to learn. He has become a very successful American developmental psychologist. After graduating in social relations with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1965, he received a PHD in social and developmental psychology from Harvard University. In 1983 Howard Gardner authored a book called "Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Howard is currently a professor at the Harvard University. Communication is essentially important in our daily lives. Some people are born with the ability to use verbal-linguist intelligence. No matter how people are able to communicate they find a way to address an issue and are successful to get their point across. This can be expressed in many different ways. The ability to take a word and use in the correct context takes great comprehension of its definition and meaning. As a student in any grade level in school, math is an essential part of education that is utilized quite frequently. It could be connected to managing time or counting dollars and cents. The kinds of people who find math to be fascinating and challeging can be classified as someone who possesses mathematical-logical intelligence. One is not bo... ... middle of paper ... ...ere has been too many theories to go in to detail about every single one. Multiple intelligences can give educators a variety of different ways to instruct. Thus, helping to provide students an opportunity to meet their own special needs and increase their proficiency and development. According to Thomas Armstrong "MI theory essentially encompasses what good teachers have always done in their teaching: reaching beyond the text and the blackboard to awaken students' minds" (p. 56). When Howard Gardner developed these theories, he did so in hoping to broaden the word "intelligence". Many professors have been able to use this information to help exceed in their own studies. The mind gives us the ability to exceed beyond expectations. Some people are lucky to be born with one or more of these intelligences, but for others they tend to perfect these traits over time.
“Students learn in ways that are identifiable distinctive. The broad spectrum of students-and perhaps the society as a whole- would be better served if disciplines could be presented in a number of ways and learning could be assessed through a variety of means” -Howard Gardner. The Theory of Multiple Intelligences was conceived by Howard Gardner in 1983. It states that intelligence comes in not simply the form of mathematics and language arts, but in multiple. Each one covering different topics that show how that beholder is skilled in that subject. Without these different forms of knowledge, many would be considered inferior for not being adept at the common embodiment of intelligence.
Howard Gardner’s theory contains eight main multiple intelligence. As the years have progressed there have taken one out and is left with the main seven. These seven are: Linguistic, Mathematical, Spatial, bodily, Musical, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal. These are found in everyone; however, each person will excel in one or two. Once teachers can determine what intelligence the students will exceed on and teach to their strengths the student will learn much more.
Charles Spearman's model of intelligence and Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory are two of the most widely used theories of intelligence. In order to understand how similar the two theories are we must first understand their differences. These two men differed in opinion on how IQ and intelligence should be measured, and they differed in opinion on what made a person "smart". In order to examine these things they first had to understand the human brain and how it works. They had to examine the human study habits and rituals, along with the human test taking habits.
The definition of intelligence has been a major source of debate. There seem to be as many definitions of intelligence as there are individuals asked to define the concept. One possible definition is that “general intelligence is actually a conglomeration of perhaps 100 abilities working together in various ways in different people to bring out different intelligences” (Plucker 2007). This theory of general intelligence originally was identified by Raymond Cattell and late...
“Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn.” (Benjamin Franklin). These words describe the idea behind a student trying to effectively learn from his or her professor. In 1983, Howard Gardener, an American developmental psychologist, introduced the idea of multiple intelligence. According to Gardener, what was believed before to be “soft skills” were in fact different ways to express our intelligence. People can have one or more types of intelligence all together. I, Rodrigo, an Engineering student, possess both logical-mathematical, intra-personal, and spatial intelligence. I am very good with numbers, and I am often called “smart” or “intelligent” by my
2. Psychologists do not agree on a single definition for intelligence, but the common similarities in its definitions is that intelligence is the ability to learn from abilities, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. To help learn more about the intelligence test, factor analysis is used. It is the statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items and uses them to identify different dimensions of performance that underlies one's total score. Spearman believed that everything in intelligence is affected by a g factor, which is a general intelligence factor that he believed to underlie specific mental abilities and is measured by every task of an intelligence test. Others believe that intelligence is much more complex and has many specific abilities. This can be most easily noted with people who have savant syndrome. They score low on intelligence tests to the point of mental retardation, but they have one astounding specific skill that makes them seem like a genius. Gardener believed that instead of a single intelligence, people had multiple intelligenc...
“Accepting Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences has several implications for teachers in terms of classroom instruction. The theory states that all seven intelligences are needed to productively function in society.” (Smith). Gardner’s theory supports a value system which “maintains that diverse students can learn and succeed, that learning is exciting, and that hard work by teachers is necessary.” (Smith). Gardner also states, “I want people at the end of their education to understand the world in ways that they couldn't have understood it before their education.” (Brockman, 2). What is lacking though is that there are educator who do not teach towards each child’s needs, they only teach. Every teacher must make sure that they accommodate each learner of learning activity. It may sound like a challenge for all the teachers but the learners learning intelligences come
Everyone thinks intelligence is being smart and it is inherited, but what if it was being able to play music or a sport? Each person is embodied with intelligence, but it might not be the intelligence that you see in school by form of tests. If you can’t see these intelligences by tests; then how do you know if you have an intelligence? Howard Gardner is the man who came up with the idea of multiple intelligences and he describes intelligence as ‘the ability to create an effective product or offer service that is valued in a culture.’ We see these intelligences then through the abilities and products that we have and produce. Many people doubt that there is more than one form of intelligence, but I believe and know that there are many kinds and I can see them all around me.
In conclusion, I think that multiple intelligence and ZPD are interrelated where teachers, parents and mentors able to recognize the learners specialties and abilities by recognizing the learners individual style.
Most teachers have a specific way that they prefer to teach, but they need to realize that not all kids learn the way they do. According to Shahzada’s research, “In schools logical and linguistic intelligences are emphasized in teaching. Students who are more developed in other intelligence dimensions are often ignored” (60). This information shows that schools currently cater to students, whose strengths are within the logical and linguistic intelligences, paying little attention to the other intelligences. In effect, a moderate correlation between students whose strengths are linguistic and/or mathematical and high academic achievement has been found (62). In another study, done by Phyllis Adcock, it was found that all students learn better, when their teacher use all 8 multiple intelligence approaches (53). This further demonstrates how grades cannot be used in determining intelligence, when some student’s strengths are being met and others are not. Adding different activities, using multiple types of intelligences, into classrooms may help students enjoy school more and do better in school
The recent works of theorists such as Howard Gardner, Robert Sternberg, John Mayer and Peter Salovery along with many others, are beginning to take the meaning of intelligence and learning from traditional mainstream monopoly of intelligence. This description is very broad; but the measurement of intelligence has been very narrow before which didn’t allow for others to be included as intelligent. It is important to take the definition of intelligences and to give that meaning back to the learner and those that work closely with the learner for learning success. Intelligence is a word that has been used by scientists and other thinkers to describe one’s ability to understand concepts and process them quickly to solve problems that come up in our daily lives that we lead. The narrow measurement of intelligences is being challenged by theorist and researchers who have evidence that there are many forms of intelligence that are being overlooked and deserve to be given scholastic attention.
Gardner’s theory of MI offers an alternative view of intelligence which has measured intelligence based on the results that would predict success in the current educational system. Furham (2009) sums up Gardner’s definition as “the ability to solve problems or to create products that are valued within one or more cultural settings”. This definition suggests that human intelligence is comprised of more than the predictable success in a western school system. Gardner argues that traditional definitions of intelligence and intelligence testing are too narrow and marginalize people who do not fit traditional education system that focuses on visual–spatial, verbal–linguistic, and logical–mathematical intelligences. He supports this with unique cases of idiots savant, who are people with low IQs but excel in skills in areas not measured through tradition IQ tests (Arnett, 2013). MI theory proposes that individual’s intelligence can be differentiated on eight different modalities:
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence focuses more on how numerical expressions of human intelligence are not a full and accurate depiction of people’s abilities (McFarlane, 2011). He includes and describes eight intelligences that are based on skills and abilities that are valued within different cultures. The eight intelligences include visual-spatial (e.g. sailor navigating with no navigational systems), verbal-linguistic (e.g. poets, writers, orators, and communicators), bodily-kinesthetic (e.g. dancers, athletes, surgeons, craftspeople), logical-mathematical (e.g. mathematicians and logicians), interpersonal(e.g. salespeople, teachers, clinicians, politicians, and religious leaders), musical (e.g. musicians and
Words are powerful tools of communication and interpersonal skills. Having the ability to communicate effectively is the most important of all life skills. This life skill is most important because it is very essential for building relationships, whether it personal or impersonal; be it verbal or non verbal. It’s a way in which to express ones feelings, thoughts, and
There are several ways in which a teacher can accommodate every learning style by doing simple things in the classroom. Examples of this would be a certain seating arrangement or even just changing all the time to reach each students style. Knowing and learning styles might be one of the most important things to learn from your students at the beginning of each school year. There are several tests out there that can help with this, but know each style is also important. Knowing your own learning intelligence as a teacher will also help you and is important. This allows you to know in which way you will best be able to absorb information that is important in our teaching. Multiple intelligences are a vital part of any teacher’s lesson plans and are especially necessary in the ever-changing diversities of the schools. Learning styles will bring out the strengths and weaknesses.