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History of printing and its effects
History of printing and its effects
History of printing and its effects
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1.0 INTRODUCTION Data is a collection of facts and statistical that can be used for reference, analysis and as knowledge [1]. Data has been preserved in digital and analog world. Even until now people are still preserving data in the analog world using paper documents such as newspaper, books, printed records and much more. But the world is becoming paperless and data preservation in digital form becomes popular. However, printed documents to represent information such as birth certificates, educational transcript and certificates, land titles, official letters, wills, contracts and many more are still relevant. Data or information must be secured from attacks or unauthorized access. There are many techniques that have been used to protect digital data and one of the available techniques that is widely used is cryptography. There are also steganography techniques that have been used for data hiding into objects such as images, audio, video and even within text. Data in analog world are susceptible to attacks. Threats on printed documents such as counterfeiting and forgeries are common threats to printed document security [2][3]. Printed documents are often being forged, altered or faked to deceive intended parties who thought that the documents are real in order to gain benefits from it such as cases happened in US where two criminals mistakenly released due to forged court orders [2] and illegal immigrants from India able to seek employment in Malaysia using counterfeit social visit passes [3]. This paper is organized as follows; Section 2.0 describes current security issues in printed documents, Section 3.0 focuses on related works in printed document security, Section 4.0 discusses the proposed conceptual solution and Secti... ... middle of paper ... ...Journal of Wisdom Based Computing. Vol. 1 (3), 68-76. [20] Laine, M. and Nevalainen, O. S. (2006). A STANDALONE OCR SYSTEM FOR MOBILE CAMERAPHONES. The 17th Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications. 11-14 September. Helsinki, Finland : IEEE, 1-5. [21] Preneel, B. (2003). Analysis and Design of Cryptographic Hash Functions. Doctor of Philosophy. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium. [22] Gilbert, H. and Handschuh, H. (2004). Security Analysis of SHA-256 and Sisters.10th Annual International Workshop, SAC 2003. 14-15 August. Ottawa, Canada, 175-193. [23] Yoshida, H. and Biryukov, A. (2006). Analysis of a SHA-256 Variant. In Preneel, B. and Tavares, S. (Ed.) Selected Areas in Cryptography (pp.245-260). Berlin-Heidelberg : Springer. [24] Forouzan, B. A. (2008). Cryptography and Network Security (InternationalAEdition).
"The Good, The Bad And The Ugly Of Bitcoin Security." Hongkiatcom RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2014.
This program uses mainly on the concept of cryptology. Cryptology is the study about secret communication between two parties, where there is a presence of a third party known as adversaries, and that party knows nothing about the content of the communication (Rivest, 1990).
PKC is the enabling technology for all Internet security and the increasing use of digital signatures, which are replacing traditional signatures in many contexts. However, RSA is better than PKC because RSA doesn’t need digital signature. As a result, the RSA algorithm turned out to be a perfect fit for the implementation of a practical public security system. In 1977, Martin Gardner first introduced the RSA system. After 5 years, company RSA used secure electronic security products. Nowadays many credit companies of all over the world use the RSA system or a similar system based on the RSA system.
... that the encoding system by W. K. Wong, D. W. Cheung, E. Hung, B. Kao, and N. Mamoulis in [24] can be broken without using context-specific information. The success of the attacks in [25] mainly relies on the existence of unique, common, and fake items, defined by W. K. Wong, D. W. Cheung, E. Hung, B. Kao, and N. Mamoulis in [24]; our scheme does not create any such items, and the attacks by Y. Lindell and B. Pinkas in [5] are not applicable to our scheme. Tai et al. [9] assumed the attacker knows exact frequency of single items, similarly to us.
Sabu M. Thampi, Pradeep K. Atrey, Chun I. Fan, Gregorio Martinez Perez (Eds.), Security in Computing and Communications: International Symposium, SSCC 2013, Mysore, India, August 22-24, 2013. Proceedings (Communications in Computer and Information Science) (p. 418). New York, NY: Springer Publishing.
Which was soon conceived through a RSA algorithm developed Ronald Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Len Adleman creating a proof of concept. Leading quickly to many future iterations, continuously increasing in complexity and security
..., Nicholas G. 2010. “Past, Present, and Future Methods of Cryptography and Data Encryption.” Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Diffie, Whitfield. (2008). Information Security: 50 Years Behind, 50 Years Ahead. Communications of the ACM. 51(1), 55-57.
Today, many people rely on computers to do homework, work, and create or store useful information. Therefore, it is important for the information on the computer to be stored and kept properly. It is also extremely important for people on computers to protect their computer from data loss, misuse, and abuse. For example, it is crucial for businesses to keep information they have secure so that hackers can't access the information. Home users also need to take means to make sure that their credit card numbers are secure when they are participating in online transactions.
My knowledge has grown over the past six years, outwith the areas of learning offered by school courses, and I see this course as an opportunity to gain new skills and broaden my knowledge further. My main interests are varied, including communications and the internet, system analysis and design, software development, processors and low level machine studies. I have recently developed an interest in data encryption, hence my active participation in the RSA RC64 Secret-Key challenge, the latest international de-encryption contest from the RSA laboratories of America.
One of the largest parts of commerce is transaction. Transactions are needed anytime two parties exchange money or information. Since the Information Age has begun, transactions are more common over the Internet, where it is more imperative that transactions are secure (Klein x). Corporations have also become more widespread, which means that cryptography is needed to secu...
The internet allows people to communicate sensitive information, and if received in the wrong hands can cause many problems for that person. Cryptography is the study or science of techniques of secret writing and message hiding. Cryptography constitutes any method in which someone attempts to hide a message, or the meaning, in some medium. One specific element of cryptography is encryption, which hides the data or information by transforming it into undecipherable code. Encryption uses a specified key to perform the data transformation.
In this era when the Internet provides essential communication between tens of millions of people and is being increasingly used as a tool for security becomes a tremendously important issue to deal with, So it is important to deal with it. There are many aspects to security and many applications, ranging from secure commerce and payments to private communications and protecting passwords. One essential aspect for secure communications is that of cryptography. But it is important to note that while cryptography is necessary for secure communications, it is not by itself sufficient. Cryptography is the science of writing in secret code and is an ancient art; In the old age people use to send encoded message which can be understand by the receiver only who know the symbolic and relative meaning of that encoded message .The first documented use of cryptography in writing dates back to circa 1900 B.C. Egyptian scribe used non-standard hieroglyphs in an inscription. After writing was invented cryptography appeared spontaneously with applications ranging from diplomatic missives to war-time battle plans. It is no surprise, then, that new forms of cryptography came soon after the widespread development of computer communications. In telecommunications and data cryptography is necessary when communicating in any untrusted medium, which includes any network, particularly the Internet [1].Within the context of any application-to-application communication, there are some security requirements, including:
The goal of this paper is to define and explore the MD5 checksum utility. It is also my goal to discuss how to use MD5 checksums to support Incident Response.
Privacy exist wherever personal information or other sensitive information is collected, stored, used, and finally destroyed or deleted – in digital form or otherwise. The challenge of data privacy is to use data while safe-guarding individual's privacy preferences and their personally identifiable information. The fields of computer security, data security, and information security design and utilize software, hardware, and human resources to address this issue.