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Effects of children poverty
The temporary assistance for disadvantaged families
United States welfare system and its effects
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The 1996 welfare reform, also known as the Personal Responsibility Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), was enacted to increase the efficiency of the welfare system but its discriminatory nature has resulted in economic hardship, lack of funds to receive food, and poorer health among new immigrants to the United States.
One of the main provisions of the PRWORA was that it repealed Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and replaced it with Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF).Before the enactment of TANF and the appeal of the AFDC, legal immigrants were eligible for the assistance under the same guidelines as citizens. This changed after the welfare reform; the PRWORA and TANF made it more difficult for immigrants to receive any form of social assistance by disallowing them to apply until they have been in the United States for 5 years. This was done to increase the effectiveness of welfare programs and prevent welfare dependency which was at its highest peak when the PRWORA was passed. While this regulation may seem just to some, it has led to economic hardships among immigrants.
PRWORA prevents immigrants from participating in welfare-to-work programs, such as CalWORKs, which helps unemployed adults obtain jobs by offering vocational training and adult education. When immigrants enter the United States, they often lack an extensive work history and a good education. Therefore, they tend to have low wage jobs, making them sensitive to the economy as the low earning jobs are the first affected by a receding or booming economy (Kalil and Ziol-Guest 13). Hence, new immigrants to the United States could largely benefit from CalWorks because they would be provided training which would allow them to seek job...
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...itizen Eligibility Restrictions, Vulnerable Immigrants, and the Social Service Providers." Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies 9.1 (2011): 5-19. Google Scholar. Web. 19 Oct. 2011
Parrott, Sharon and Arloc Sherman. "TANF's Results Are More Mixed than Is Often Understood."Journal of Policy Analysis Management 26.2 (2007): 374-381. JSTOR. Web. 18 Oct. 2011
Shin, Hyejung Janet. "ALL CHILDREN ARE NOT CREATED EQUAL: PRWORA'S UNCONSTITUTIONAL RESTRICTION ON IMMIGRANT CHILDREN'S ACCESS TO FEDERAL HEALTH CARE PROGRAMS." Family Court Review 44.3 (2006): 484-497. Academic Search Complete.EBSCO.Web. 25 Oct. 2011.
Van Hook, Jennifer, and Kelly Stamper Balistreri. "Ineligible parents, eligible children: Food Stamps receipt, allotments, and food insecurity among children of immigrants." Social Science Research 35.1 (2006): 228-251. Academic Search Complete.Web. 19 Oct. 2011.
Hays found that initially most welfare workers were optimistic and even excited about the changes. Most workers felt that the Act represented real progress and allowed for positive changes which would positively impact the lives of their clients. Hays spoke to one welfare who said that welfare reform “offered the training and services necessary to 'make our clients' lives better, to make them better mothers, to make them more productive.'” But as she was soon to find out, welfare reform, while it did have a positive impact on the lives of some welfare clients, made the lives of most clients more difficult, not to mention the stress that it caused for the welfare workers who had to deal with the often confusing and illogical new rules.
O?Beirne, Kate. ?The State of Welfare: An old and tricky question resurfaces.? National Review 54.2 (February 11, 2002): 1--2. Online. Information Access Expanded
Immigration has existed around the world for centuries, decades, and included hundreds of cultures. Tired of poverty, a lack of opportunities, unequal treatment, political corruption, and lacking any choice, many decided to emigrate from their country of birth to seek new opportunities and a new and better life in another country, to settle a future for their families, to work hard and earn a place in life. As the nation of the opportunities, land of the dreams, and because of its foundation of a better, more equal world for all, the United States of America has been a point of hope for many of those people. A lot of nationals around the world have ended their research for a place to call home in the United States of America. By analyzing primary sources and the secondary sources to back up the information, one could find out about what Chinese, Italians, Swedish, and Vietnamese immigrants have experienced in the United States in different time periods from 1865 to 1990.
There are an estimated 11.1 million undocumented immigrants currently residing in the United States. The current healthcare model pertains to all U.S citizens, but what are the parameters and regulations regarding those who live here illegally? The purpose of this paper is to not only answer this question, but also to address concerns regarding the provision of health care benefits, rights, and our ethical responsibilities to this population.
I feel that TANF is a useful program, because it allows people to have access to things that they would not generally have. It also allows for the opportunity to receive actual help in bettering other people’s lives. I wish more programs like this existed and offered not only monetary support, but also childcare and education assistance. If more programs like TANF existed there would be more opportunity to better one’s self and less of a sense of being trapped in a poor economic condition.
In today’s America, there are many people who would either be disgusted at the very mention of Welfare or be highly grateful for its existence. I believe that in order for welfare to be more effective in America, there must be reform. From the time of its inceptions in 1935, welfare has lent a helping hand to many in crisis (Constitution Rights Foundation). However, at present many programs within the system are being abused and the people who are in real need are being cheated out of assistance. The year after the creation of welfare unemployment was just about twenty percent (Unemployment Statistics). The need for basic resources to survive was unparallel. Today, many people face the same needs as many did during the 30s. Some issues with
Firstly to justify why countries limit their immigrations, there should be knowledge of the different types of immigrants as there are different reasons to leave from one country and move into another. In the last 30 years, the number of international immigrants has been estimated 191 million worldwide, two times as before. As ...
Weaver, R. D. (2009). A New Era for Legal Immigrants?: Rethinking Title IV of The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. Journal of Policy Practice , 54-68.
The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Program was developed to help needy families become self-sufficient.¹ The TANF program was created by Congress and signed by President Bill Clinton in 1996.² TANF was created by The Personal Responsibility and Work Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) out of the preexisting Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program, which itself was created by Congress in 1935 as part of the Social Security Act.² There were some notable differences between the PRWORA and the TANF when it was created, the most noted differences were that the TANF allowed states to use TANF dollars to support child care, for job search support, social services,etc. and there were no requirements on how much could be spent on cash aid directly.² Also, the entitlement aspect of the PRWORA ended and states were not required to serve all eligible families/individuals.²
Since the creation of the United States of America, immigrants from all backgrounds have sought refuge, a home and a life in this country of prosperity and opportunity. The opportunity of freedom to exercise natural rights is a large pull factor that causes many people to come to America. Others come because it is a country where one can prosper. Prosperity of people in a country, however, is a more challenging phenomenon to explain than opportunity. Immigrants seek economic, social and educational as well as cultural prosperity. The question of how to gain such prosperity is a difficult one to answer. Some immigrants come to America, cast off their past identity and attempt to find a new, less foreign one. By assimilating to American culture with this new identity, they start a long and treacherous journey to seek prosperity in a land vastly different from the one they once called home. Many will gain educational, economic and social prosperity, but never gain cultural prosperity. Assimilating to American culture so hastily, some immigrants are never able to explore and keep up with their cultural backgrounds. Their families grow up and became Americans, never cognizant of their given up ethnic identities. Those immigrants, however, who are able to gain cultural prosperity through the help of other immigrants of their respective background, become integrated into American society while keeping their ethnic identity. This is the sort of opportunity that the United States of America has provided new arrivals since its founding. Although many immigrants become overwhelmed with American culture and assimilate into it, those who contribute to a working ethnic society are able to dela...
Suprynowicz, Vin. “The United States Should Not Adopt Open Adoption.” Opppsing Viewpoints: Immigration. Eds. David M. Haugen, Susan Musser and Kacy Lovelace. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2009. 141-146. Print.
Without a high school education or a college degree, immigrants receive lower incomes than that of natives; further driving them into the deep cycle of poverty. For this reason, their tax contributions are unlikely to offset the costs they impose on the US economy, only causing tax contributions and the federal budget to elevate. It is believed that the number of unskilled legal immigrants in the United States has begun to place a strain on taxpayers due to the fact that immigrants use more welfare than natives Only 13% of the native-born population are on some type of assistance compared to 20% of the foreign-born population. (Camarota). As more immigrants gain citizenship, they will also gain unrestricted access to all welfare programs. Concerns will begin to arise as the spike in welfare use caused by the inevitable influx of immigrants will only cause tax-supported welfare programs to pull more money from taxpayers. Ethical welfare reform is needed to maintain the current economy, discourage dependence, and stimulate high wage job opportunities, all while considering the rights of
Since the days of the Poor Laws, welfare has sought to force people to work. Per a passage written by Diana Pearce in her article “the Feminization of Poverty: Work, Women, and Welfare”, she stated that “the workhouse and poorhouse were the nineteenth-century means, but today’s poor are coerced through forced registration in the WIN program. Although WIN does not force all recipients to work, its implied promise of a route out of poverty is, for many, a cruel hoax” (Pearce, 1978). The work incentive program (WIN) provided an average of about $250 to each qualified registrant. Operating the WIN employment and training programs had cost welfare agencies more than issuing monthly benefit checks, so WIN became a voluntary requirement. Many women found it stressful and nearly impossible to work full or part-time, and to adequately care for the children. There was a fine line between the decision to apply for employment, or continue to collect cash assistance and other benefits that would substitute the means of an income in order for women to support their
Alaimo, K., Olson, C. M., Frongillo, E. A., & Briefel, R. R. (2001). Food insufficiency, family income, and
Will and in this essay the author challenges the citizenship status of children born to illegal immigrants. Will argues that the 14th Amendment, which grants citizenship to any person born in the United States, is being misinterpreted. He explains how this misinterpretation leads to the actual act of illegal immigration. For example, by essentially rewarding the children of illegal immigrants with an American citizenship Will demonstrates how this provides an incentive for illegal immigration. The author makes clear the idea that when the 14th Amendment was written in 1866 it could not have included illegal immigrants since that concept did not exist at that time. He continues by using Indians as an example of people not included in the 14th Amendment since Indians and their children owed allegiance to their tribes. Finally, the author uses a decision by the Supreme Court in 1884 that declared both person and country must consent to the citizenship; therefore, if the source is illegal then the child should not be considered a