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Essays on the turing test
Essays on the turing test
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1. Why is Turing’s ‘test’ a test for intelligence, such that a machine (or anything else) that passed the test should be classified as thinking? a. The Turing Test determines whether or not a machine can think. b. The Turing Test is a behavioral test that exams the ability to communicate and formulate reason. c. The interrogator can ask any question and the computer can give any answer. d. If the answerer does not respond with a plausible answer than it can be determined that it is not thinking. e. Lots of things cannot generate a correct response. f. Therefore, if the machine does generate a correct response it can be deemed thinking. 2. What is the ‘Argument from Informality’? a. The ‘Argument from Informality’ is a claim that asserts …show more content…
Humans are not regulated with guidelines the way computers are. g. Therefore, machines are not humans. h. There are no laws of behavior that regulate human life. i. Human behavior is impossible to predict because there are no laws. j. Computers have these laws and are able to be predicted. k. Computers cannot be intelligent if they can be predicted. 3. How does the Argument from Informality respond to Turing’s test? In particular, does it object to the adequacy of the test, and/or to his claim that a computing machine could pass it? a. Computers have a set of rules in which they follow. b. The computer is not programmed to answer the interrogator. c. Therefore, the computer will not show the skill to answer the interrogator’s questions. d. It would take a massive amount of programming for a computer to be able to answer the questioner’s range of communicative questions. e. A computer is unable to store enough data to answer a wide range of questions by the questioner. f. Therefore, it is not true that a machine could pass Turing’s test. 4. What is Turing’s response to the Argument from Informality? a. Turing’s response to the Argument of Informality is that a computer does not have the ability to respond to a behavioral
In this paper I will evaluate and present A.M. Turing’s test for machine intelligence and describe how the test works. I will explain how the Turing test is a good way to answer if machines can think. I will also discuss Objection (4) the argument from Consciousness and Objection (6) Lady Lovelace’s Objection and how Turing responded to both of the objections. And lastly, I will give my opinion on about the Turing test and if the test is a good way to answer if a machine can think.
John Searle’s Chinese room argument from his work “Minds, Brains, and Programs” was a thought experiment against the premises of strong Artificial Intelligence (AI). The premises of conclude that something is of the strong AI nature if it can understand and it can explain how human understanding works. I will argue that the Chinese room argument successfully disproves the conclusion of strong AI, however, it does not provide an explanation of what understanding is which becomes problematic when creating a distinction between humans and machines.
Theodore sees Samantha as an intelligent being and treats her as such throughout the film, and even when people question his decision to date an A.I. he is never swayed that she is in fact alive. Theordore attributes intelligence to his A.I. because she can hold a conversation with him in the way a human woman would in the beginning of a relationship. We never really see the two of them in a professional way, the overly delightful nature in which she is programmed makes her treat Theodore as a friend, and vice versa. Through her virutal actions and subsequent dialogue we see Samantha as humanlike, despite the continuous reminders of her being digital. Samantha passes the Turing Test because she convinces us that she too is conscious through one of the oldest forms of humanistic expression, love. Because Samantha can love and express through words that she does love, she gains a bit of noteriety as an emotional being, even if it is only
At some point in our lives, we have wondered about the possibility of a computer being able to think. John Searle addresses this issue in his paper, “Can Computers Think?”, where he argues that computers cannot think because they are directed by formal information. This means that the information presented is only syntax with no semantics behind it. In this paper, I will elaborate more on Searle’s position and reasoning whilst critiquing his argument by saying that it is possible to derive semantics from syntax. Finally, I will analyze the significance of my criticism and present a possible response from Searle to defend his argument.
...at today is known as the Turing Test. This was a test where a person would ask questions from both a human and a machine without knowing which was which. If after a reasonable amount of time the difference between the two was not obvious, then the machine was thought to be somewhat intelligent. A version of this test is still used today by the Boston Museum of Computers to host a contest of the best artificial machines for the Loebner Prize.
Specifically, in how the theory likens conscious intelligence to a mimicry of consciousness. In Alan Turing’s study of computing and consciousness, he developed the Turing Test, which essentially led to the notion that if a computing machine or artificial intelligence could perfectly mimic human communication, it was deemed ‘conscious’. REF. However, many do not agree and instead argue that while computers may be able to portray consciousness and semantics, it is not commensurable to actual thought and consciousness. Simulation is not the same as conscious thinking, and having a conscious understanding of the sematic properties of the symbols it is manipulating. This flaw was portrayed in John Searle’s thought experiment, ‘The Chinese Room’. Searle places a person who cannot speak Chinese in a room with various Chinese characters and a book of instructions, while a person outside of the room that speaks Chinese communicates through written Chinese message passed into the room. The non-Chinese speaker responds by manipulating the uninterpreted Chinese characters, or symbols, in conjunction with the syntactical instruction book, giving the illusion that they can speak Chinese. This process simulated the operation of a computer program, yet the non-Chinese speaker clearly had no understanding of the messages, or of Chinese, and was still able to produce
Turing tested if a computer was able to communicate with a human being and to see if it was indistinguishable from a human being. For example, if a machine was hidden behind a wall or could not be seen and developed a conversation with a human being in which the human did not recognize that he/she was talking to a machine, it would pass the Turning Test. As Descartes looked at parrots that can speak or even monkeys that are taught sign language would not be able to pass the turning test. The parrot’s or gorilla’s vocabulary and grammar skills would not be proficient to pass the Turning
Like many artists and scientists, Alan Turing was not well known during his lifetime. Until after his death in 1952, his actions were known to very few of the general public. Much of Turing’s childhood was spent away from his parents as his father worked in the British administration of India. He was sent to the Sherborne School, a boarding school in England, at the age of 13. The strict schooling at Sherborne was detrimental to his scientific mind and he received little encouragement to follow his passions. While at Sherborne, Turing became attracted to another student, Christopher Morcom. After meeting Morcom, Turing saw more academic success and become more social. Unfortunately, Christopher Morcom died suddenly of Tuberculosis. Turing was devastated.
In the 1930’s, Alan Turing (1912 – 1952), an English mathematician, studied an abstracts machine called Turing machine even before computers existed!
Alan Turing left an indelible mark on the world with technological inventions, extraordinary talent, and productive habits. His dedication to hard work and perseverance against the discouragement of bullying provide fantastic examples for anyone to emulate. Also, the inventions of the Turing Machine and the Bombe were the primary reasons why computers existed during the last sixty years, and were important factors in the demise of Nazi Germany. Finally, for one to truly understand why Turing was important in world history, he should envision life without modern technology and
Alan Turing was a dedicated mathematician who devoted his lives works to developing computer knowledge, as we know it today. Alan was born in London, England on June 23, 1912. Alan soon began to attend a local school and his interest in the science fields arose. His teachers an others would try and make him concentrate on other fields such as History an English but his craving for knowledge of mathematics drove him the opposite way. Turing’s prosperous career in math started at King's College, Cambridge University in 1931. After graduation Alan moved on to Princeton University and that is where he explored his idea of a multi propose computer that used one’s and zero’s to describe the steps that needed to be done to solve a particular problem. His machine was later named the “Turning Machine”, which would read each of the steps and perform them in sequence, resulting in the proper answer. Turing had a vision of a computer that could do more than just a few tasks. Turing believed that an algorithm, which is a procedure for solving a mathematical problem in a finite number of steps that frequently involves repetition of an operation, or a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing an answer used by a computer. The hard part was finding what the little steps were a how to break down the larger problems.
Whether or not computers will be conscious or spiritual in the future, the fact remains that they are increasingly able to accomplish tasks which were thought only achievable by humans, such as playing chess, or even reading printed text aloud to assist the blind. Stanford computer scientist John McCarthy believes that the only reason computers cannot do some tasks as well as humans is that we do not have an actual understanding of how we solve the problems ourselves. He writes that, “whenever people do better than computers on some task or computers use a lot of computation to do as well as people, this demonstrates that the program designers lack understanding of the intellectual mechanisms required to do the task efficiently” (McCarthy 2004). This lack of understanding of underlying mechanisms is apparent in the situation when experts in a field cannot fully explain how they accomplish a complex task, such as playing the saxophone or swinging a golf club, which they may only fully understand on a subconscious level.
Many people have a direct response to this question which is, what is the meaning of thinking? So I feel that it is appropriate to give my interpretation of what thinking is. To me, it means that something will be able to generate a thought, make a reasoning of something and analyze a specific scenario. I understand that not all computers are capable yet, but in time I believe it is more than possible to have a computer to be able to do those things. An example of this improvement is the IBM computer, Watson. Watson was previewed on Jeopardy, showing viewers what this computer is capable of. This computer that generates answers with every question it is asked, Watson would make his conclusion which could be classified that it is thinking. Watson played against human...
John Searle, a Professor of the Philosophy of Mind and Language, described Watson to be a computer that simply was able to manipulate symbols and generate an answer (215). As astounding as this may seem, most would believe that computers should be able to generate a feasible answer and get it correct. In reality, Watson is just like the programs on computers and other devices. Stanley Fish, a literary theorist, thinks that though the super computer can process very well it could never reach the full capacity of the human intellect (218). The weird thing about all the discussions of this intelligent computer is the computer does not know it is being talked about or the fact that it is processing information. Watson simply is just a functional
Comparing, ordering, remembering, storing, duplicating, choosing, These are all actions that require some thought process. Computers can do all these things, and while comparing a 1 against a 2 may not seem like a big deal, it does require a thought process. The computer must know the value of what is comparing, then use judgment to decide which one is bigger, and which one is smaller. And computers can do much more than compare two numbers. They can compare letters, words, phrases, and more.