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Project life cycle four stages with references
Stages of project life cycle by peter
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1. The triple constraints within project management are recognized as the time, costs and resources, and the scope of a project. These are important due to the structure and path that they create for a project as well as their balance between each other. When one constraint is affected, for instance the costs and resources increasing, the other constraints are then directly affected as well. If the costs of a project increase, the time that the project takes may be increased, and the entire scope of the project could end up being adjusted as well.
2. Every project will contain the triple constraints being time, costs and resources, and a project scope. Time is often recognized by the duration in time the project will take. This is directly affected by the other two
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Each of the five phases have different activities that dictate the actions taken within them. For instance, the project initiation phase is normally when teams will form, the project charter will start to be prepared, and the stakeholders and sponsors will be approached. The project planning phase is when the risks, issues, and budget are all defined as well as the completion of teams. There is also a necessary approval of anything else stated in the project at this point. The project execution phase is normally seen as the launch or testing phase. The work has begun and it is adjusted to fit the needs of the organization. It is at this phase that tasks are distributed amongst teams. The monitoring phase is the next phase in the project. This is often recognized as a "Go-Live" phase where there is a direct analysis of the project here compared to what was predicted. There is a tracking and control procedure that takes place to work out any additional issues with the project. Lastly, the closure phase is seen as the end of the project. This is where the financials are closed, the risks are resolved, and the client approves the outcome of the project. This often includes some sort of evaluation as
Initiate Phase: Develops key planning documents to effectively scope, resource, and plan the acquisition program before obtaining the capability.
Although it takes place at the end of the project lifecycle, closing a project is an equally important step in managing a project. In the final phase, project manager has the opportunity to schedule a formal completion or de-commissioning meeting with the client, project team and Project Sponsor. “The purpose of the meeting is to review the final acceptance document and obtain final approval that the project is complete and objectives have been attained” (Mastering-projectmanagement.com, 2014). This phase also entails celebrating the success of the project, identifying and planning for any follow up activities, and reflecting on lessons learned to be applied to future projects. The activities other activities such as budget audits, gathering and storing all documentation, and creating a final report including a Lessons Learned document all take place in the closure phase of the project(Darnall & Preston, 2010).
Having seen this with my own personal experience, poor planning can derail a project very early on, or you can see evidence of it spinning out of control as the project is transferred to the Execution Group. You have to have a firm grasp of milestones, the scope of work that is needed to reach each milestone, or go even granular and see how each activity can be performed on time, on budget, and not delay the project, especially if subsequent phases and tasks are waiting for this phase to be completed. An article on Bright Hub has a good point about this group, in that it is critical to the success of your project. After the documents created in this phase of the project are completed you will have a clear and actionable roadmap for project delivery, with the key being actionable. (Source: http://www.brighthubpm.com/project-planning/1673-moving-into-the-project-planning-stage/ (Links to an external site.)).
(Andre, 2016) The two forms of measurements are Financial and Operational. Financial measurements consist of net profit, return of investments and cash flow. Whereas Operational measurements deal with the rate which money is generated in the system called the Through Put; the control of inventory and the overall operating expense inventory, sales, salary. (Jacobs, 2013) Each of the above statements is key factors to the rules of constraint management. Lister stated, “The constraint management model seeks to improve gaps between constrained resources and non-constrained resources. Tying the completion of project steps by non -constrained resources to completion by constrained resources improves operational efficiency and closes gaps in schedules.” (Lister, 2016) The article continued discussing the model of constraints in management and how it identifies with the employees performance standards and the improvement of the operational efficiency. The importance of structure was emphasized when collecting raw material, creating product and the delivering of products to the consumer. (Lister, 2016) Each of these is key factors to the success of an operation. Improper structure and/or lack
Project management is said to be completed within time when it completed within the “triple constraints”: cost, time and quality. And in a lot of causes, one them is sacrificed so as to meet the other two. Project managers prioritize which ones are the most important.
While all the authors agree that successful schedule management starts in the initial planning phase, all the authors do not agree on how the initial planning phase should be executed. According to Townsend, Mazzuchi, and Sarkani (2014), they believe the initial planning phase should be based on the Level of Effort needed to complete the project: “earned Value Management (EVM) includes several types of effort used to define work or tasks and often in engineering and management, Level of Effort (LOE) is primarily used” (p. 21). According to Love, Sing, Wang, Edwards, and Odeyinka (2013), project managers should be honest and fair with initial estimates instead of trying to please the client: “clients ' demands for early completion to minimize finance costs and increase return on investment to satisfy investors and stakeholders can lead to over-optimistic schedules being produced” (p. 1231). Lastly, according to Moselhi and Roofigari-Esfahan
The main objective of any construction project is to assure that the project completes on committed time and within the budget allocated. Two major challenges faced are Time and cost which increase the urgency to adapt new and innovative techniques for the project to be successful.
What do we want to accomplish? If a project is called for, the project definition stage identifies general objectives, specifies the scope of the project and develops a project plan that can be shown to management. Stage 2 - Systems Study This stage analyzes the problems of the existing system (manual or automated) in detail, identifies objectives to be attained by a solution to these problems, and describes alternative solutions. The systems study phase examines the feasibility of each solution alternative for review by management.
Monitoring, Review and Revision of Plan - ensures that it remains current. In addition, the monitoring process is backed up by full managerial accountability for the success of the plan.
Project managers do not always need lean management techniques or Six Sigma to solve problems. One of the commonly used techniques to solve problems within project management is by applying the theory of constraints, a term that was coined by Goldratt (1984). Goldbratt (1984) stated that in any business there are constraints or bottlenecks that prevents the business from flourishing and can impede the progress of the business. For example, if one team is capable of making a 10 cars per day while another team is capable of only making two, there should be an examination to determine what is impeding the other team from making 10 cars. From a business perspective, a project manager should want to find ways to eliminate the constraints. Goldratt (1984) stated that the Theory of Constraints could be...
Triple constraint refers to three important dimensions of a project that must be coordinated and balanced for successful completion of the project. The three constraints are interdependent because altering one constraints affects at least one other constraint. The triple constraint components include scope, time, and cost. The scope of a project refers to specific goals, deliverables, and tasks that must be accomplished for successful delivery of the end product. It must be defined and understood from the beginning of the project to allow effective allocation of resources. Basically, scope is a document that provides an understanding of what should be included and excluded from the project. Time or schedule is
... and user involvement. It divides the project into pre-project, project lifecycle and post-project phases.
The project scope defines “all of the work to be completed during the project. The scope describes what is to be accomplished with the project. It defines the end-product to be delivered to the customer by a particular point in time and at a specified budget or cost. Additionally, the scope defines the boundaries of the work, allowing team members to accurately assess what is and is not part of the required effort” Nicholas (2001:164)
The project will be divided into four phases, each with a certain purpose and timeline to achieve a specific goal.
The eighth chapter in the textbook takes a look at what goes into evaluating and terminating a project (Mantel 272-290). Evaluation and termination are the final stages of a project. Evaluation of a project looks at “the progress and performance relative to the project’s initial or revised plan” (Mantel 272). This should be done at the end of the project, but it is also important to evaluate the project throughout the project life cycle since it gives management the data needed for decision and control purposes (Mantel 273).