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Iran was included in the territory of what was then the ancient Persian Empire. For centuries Iran (land of the Aryans) was also referred to as Persia, which was the official name until 1935. Fourteen years had passed before the Iranian government allowed the use of both names. Few groups of people today have significant history like the Iranians, descending from the ancient Persians, who possess one of the world’s richest and oldest cultures. Historically, a variety of other cultures and groups had once occupied the ancient Iranian plateau as early as 4,000 B.C.E, with little importance. Beginning by the third millennium, Persia was ruled by some of the greatest kings of all time, from Cyrus the Great to Darius the III, who turned the Persian Empire into one of the world’s greatest civilizations. In order for a tribe to rise up to an empire, like Persia, not only are great leaders essential but loyal followers are also needed provide a stable civilization. Great leadership for Persia started when the Median Empire, under King Astyages, had control over the Persians when Cyrus the Great; an Achaemenid ascended the Persian throne in 559 B.C.E. Cyrus led the Persians in a revolt against the Medes to be overthrown. Neighboring nations approved of the Median state being taken over, but when Persia began to expand, they soon realized that the Persians were a greater enemy. The rise of the Persians was only the beginning of the forceful changes in power in ancient times. Cyrus expanded the Empire to include Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Iranian plateau, the Middle East, even stretching to the outskirts of the Egyptian Empire. During these imperialistic expansion years, Persia went from a primitive tribe to a society with diverse culture... ... middle of paper ... ...13.2 (2009) CHAVALAS, MARK W. "Ancient Persia from 550 B.C. to 650 A.D." History: Review of New Books Winter 1999: 88 Farris, Dale. "Shutt, Timothy B.: A History of Ancient Sparta." Library Journal 15 May 2009: 45. Fleming, Sean Michael. "Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia." Library Journal 15 Feb. 2006 Strauss, Barry. "A war without heroes." New Criterion 24.3 (2005) Moltenbrey, Karen. "History in the making: scholars and modelers accurately re-create ancient Rome and make it accessible via the internet." Computer Graphics World Dec. 2008 Muscarella, Oscar White. "Ancient Persia." The Journal of the American Oriental Society 111.3 (1991) "Persian Fire: The First World Empire and the Battle for the West." Publishers Weekly 20 Mar. 2006 "The Day of the Barbarians: The Battle That Led to the Fall of the Roman Empire." Publishers Weekly 22 Jan. 2007