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Reflections on Erikson's psychosocial stages
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Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development
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When growing up, we all face the difficulty of finding who we really are as a person. This can be referred to as Identity Diffusion. Described in Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages, the individual has not yet experienced an identity crisis, nor has he made any commitment to a vocation or set of beliefs. There is also no indication that he or she is actively trying to make a commitment. According to psychologist Erik Erikson, identity diffusion has 4 major stages. Those components include: intimacy, a diffusion of time perspective, diffusion of industry, and negative identity. Even if you may not be aware of it, everyone really does experience these stages when growing up in life. In my life, I have gone through the four stages referred to as intimacy, a diffusion of time perspective, diffusion of industry, and negative identity. To begin, I myself have faced the problem of intimacy, but maybe not in the typical notion one thinks when hearing that word. This has more to do with the fear of commitment and close relationships. Since a young age, I have always seen movies, read books, and witnessed in person the relationship between a girl and guy. Disney movies often depict a fairy tale ending where two strangers meet, fall in love, and live happily ever after. You see movies set in high school where two people are in love and share the experiences of growing up together. But once I got to the ages of 14-17, I realized that relationships are a lot more complex and difficult. Every has that “first love” which is more like a big crush, and that happened to me my freshman year of high school. As you probably assumed, it did not turn out like I had imagined, causing my views to change for the future. When something like this happens, one deve... ... middle of paper ... ...shman, I felt that I had a new sense of adulthood because I was finally in high school. I started lying to my parents and basically doing the exact opposite of what they wanted me to do. Because of this, I started to develop a “not-so-good” relationship with them. After this stage in my life though, I realized that disobeying my parents and having a fake kind of identity was not benefitting me in any way. After this, I then decided to change my ways and I have definitely learned from it too. All in all, these four elements make up the development of adolescents. Some people may have gone through all these stages already in life, while others may face them in the years to come. Intimacy, a diffusion of time perspective, diffusion of industry, and negative identity are just a few stages you will face in life and the more you understand them, the faster you can learn.
According to Dolgin (2011), “Biological theorists - primarily biologists and psychologists – believe that adolescents are the way they are because of their genes, hormones, or evolutionary history. These theorists downplay environmental influences and tend to believe that the adolescent experience is similar regardless of where someone is raised” (p. 32). “Development occurs in an almost inevitable, universal pattern, regardless of sociocultural environment” (Dolgin, 2013, p. 32).
The second stage I will be talking about is Identity vs. Role Confusion which is the 5th stage of Erikson’s theory of development, which is During adolescence (age 12 to 18 yrs.), the transition from childhood to adulthood. Children are becoming more independent and begin to look at the future in terms of career, relationships, families. This is a major stage in development where the child has to learn the roles he will conquer as an adult. It is during this stage that the adolescent will re-examine his identity and try to find out exactly who he or she
Life is never easy for anyone, however it is particularly harder during the time of adolescence. The period in which the person is no longer considered a child, but not quite an adult. Erik Erikson had many ideas about this period, and he focuses on the term identity diffusion. Rebecca Fraser-Thill describes this when she writes: “Identity diffusion is one step in the process of finding a sense of self. It refers to a period when an individual does not have an established identity, nor is actively searching for one. In other words, it's a time when a person's identity remains unresolved, yet there is no identity crisis (called an identity moratorium).” (Fraser-Thill, 2011) Erikson was able to carefully acknowledge the intrinsic components of the concept of identity diffusion. James Joyce’s text, The Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man can apply to his analysis when Joyce begins to grow up. According to Erik Erikson the four major works of identity diffusion include intimacy, diffusion of time perspective, diffusion of industry and lastly negative identity which also applies to Stephen Dedalus from Joyce’s book.
Adolescence is a transition which has no fixed time limits. However, the changes that occur at this time are so significant that it is useful to talk about adolescence as a distinct period of human life cycle. This period ranges from biological changes to changes in behavior and social status, thus making it difficult to specify its limits exactly (Damon, 2008). Adolescence begins with puberty, i.e. a series of physiological changes that lead to full development of the sexual organs and the ability to breed and sex. The time interval that elapses begins at 11 to 12 years and extends to 18 to 20. However we cannot associate to a 13 with one 18 years. Let us talk about early adolescence between 11 to 14 years, which coincides with puberty, and after a second period of youth, or late adolescence between 15-20 years. Its extension to adulthood depends on social, cultural, environmental as well as personal adaptation.
Chapter 9 is all about the process of adolescence developed in the children’s life. The chapter explained how the puberty starts, how the changes in body and mind developed according to the sex in puberty, how the children faced some barriers during early and late maturation, how some of the eating disorders occurred, how puberty connected with the formal operational thoughts (Intuitive and Analytic thought), in what way the brain developed in stage of puberty, and how do middle schools provide knowledge about adolescence. In my case, I started my puberty from the age of 14. As the chapter talks that genetic factor also plays role in puberty. For example, my mom told me that she reached puberty at age 14 which lead me to pass through same age
“According to Erikson’s theory, every person must pass through a series of eight interrelated stages over the entire life cycle.” (“Erikson’s stages of development,” 2016). An example would be basic trust and mistrust. This stage is from birth up to a year old. A baby develops trust when being held, fed, or simply being touched. If the baby does not develop trust it will result in the baby having insecurity and mistrust. Another example would be identity vs role confusion, this stage is during adolescence. During this age adolescents begin to discover their identity, those who do not begin to try to be like others which is also known as “fitting
Personal Introduction to Childhood – Adolescence Childhood and adolescence is a time in life when one goes through many changes. Most children around the age of five are leaving home, some for the first time, and starting kindergarten, where they are getting used to new surroundings and starting what is the beginning of their social lives. Adolescence is when one goes through many different types of changes that include the mind, body and social development. Some childhood-adolescence years are full of conflict and trauma, which was the case of mine. Finding out at a young age that I was adopted caused mixed emotions and identity issues, being sexually molested at a young age by a family member and a neighbor and then raped at fourteen caused much trauma which still affects my adult life.
Adolescence, the period of life involving the transformation from a teenager into an adult, is a vital time in one’s life where many begin to unearth who they are and the very things they desire as they transition into the adult world. In J.D. Salinger’s timeless American novel, The Catcher in the Rye, the main character Holden is a downhearted teenage boy struggling to leave his childhood behind in transition to the phony adult world he despises in order to explore universal themes including the phoniness of the adult world and the loss of innocence that is associated with the transition into adulthood. Through Salinger’s abundant use of symbolism, the reader is able to analyze Holden, his struggles, and angst towards change as he transitions into the adult world so that one is able to come to a deeper understanding and comprehension of the themes explored.
Adolescence has been depicted as a time typified by stress and storm for both, parents and friends of adolescents.This is evident with increased disagreements between both parent-child and peer relationships. Hall, (1904) suggested that this period occurs due to a search for identity. The following essay will examine and provide evidence to understand why there is an increase in conflict throughout a period of adolescence.
Based on the amount of exploration and commitment, Marcia differentiated four identity statuses. A person going through identity diffusion has not yet made the commitment concerning a specific developmental task and they may or may not have tried out different alternatives in that area. There is confusion about who the adolescence is and what they want. (Meeus, 2011). They have not gone through an identity crisis and they seem unconcerned about identity issues (Holt el al., 2015). In foreclosure the adolescence has not gone through an identity crisis either but they have made a certain amount of commitment towards an identity and set of values without exploring other options first. For example, people who have adopted the values of other people without questioning those values would be in foreclosure (Holt et al., 2015). In moratorium, the adolescence is going through an identity crisis. He/She is actively exploring but has not made any solid commitment. The final stage in
Adolescent development is such a familiar terminology for human development. Majority of the people are aware of this concept or have at least touched based on it. People also know adolescent development as people going through puberty, identity crisis, etc. Even though this idea and concept of adolescent development are very common today, surprisingly, the concept and the idea of adolescent development were neither heavily researched nor valued. This is because “prehistoric and ancient civilizations did not think that individuals developed through a number of stages” (Steffof, 1990, p. 15). Long time ago, people believed if you were a small person, then you were known as a child; if you were a bigger person, then you were known as an adult.
Adolescence, in modern society, is the transition from childhood to adulthood. Known as a time of rebellion, crisis, pathology and deviance, this period of life is influenced by the ethnicity, the culture, the gender, the Socio Economic Status, the age and the lifestyle. Adolescence period usually ends with a physically, cognitively, and socio-emotionally changed young adult. The physical development in adolescence In trying to discuss adolescence, most adults tend to confuse the terms adolescence and puberty, and use them synonymously. However, puberty refers to the physiological changes involved in the sexual maturation of a child.
The essay aims at an explicit discussion of adolescence as a stage of human development. The stage occurs at the age of 12 years to 18 years. The paper will discuss the transition stage in detail and the crucial social cultural and physical aspects associated with the stage. It will also look into the cognitive aspect in human development that result due to adolescence by mentioning to a theorist work. In every stage of human development, it has been found that they exist some important non-normative life transitions associated with it. The essay will precisely analyze the crucial non-normative life transitions that are expected to occur in the adolescence stage. the paper will discuss the criteria in which self-concept develops in the adolescence
In South Africa, adolescence is a sensitive period, and not a critical period, for identity development as it is “a period during which normal development is most sensitive to abnormal environmental conditions” (Bruer, 2001). When looking at South Africa particularly, the abnormal environmental conditions would be apartheid, and one will see its profound effects on identity development. Adolescence is a sensitive period rather than a critical period as a critical period focuses on a system that “requires a specific kind of experience if normal development is to occur” (Bruer, 2001). Therefore this essay will place an emphasis on adolescence as a sensitive period for identity development.
My physical development was not so difficult for me. I experienced the growth spurt when I was10 to 15-years old. I didn’t think it was difficult time for me because my range of growth spurt was not so large. Additionally, I did not belong to sports club, so I did not feel uncomfortable when I move my body. I think I am a late bloomer because I have never had boyfriend. But I think it is advantage for me because I am not a “boy-crazy”. I know some friends who are early bloomer and being “boy-crazy”, I do not want to be like them. I have my own interest and I have something what I want to do besides dating with boys. My physical developments have some effects on my character of today. I think it is because I was taller than others since very young, my friends often said to me “you are like my elder sister.” This phrase makes me think that I need to be like elder sister when I was child. It is related to more about psychological development, but this way of thinking came from my height. One of other physical development related issue that makes me struggle is my period. Every time I am in period, I have pain in stomach and back; I feel sleepy, hungry, and irritating; and I have skin problems. I think there are more people who have more heavy symptoms of period, however, sometimes I cannot endure these. My physical developments have some effects on me, but it was not so difficult for me to pass through.