The Magnesium Statue
Planning
The Problem
A statue, which is made of an alloy consisting mainly of magnesium,
corrodes at different rates, at different times of the year.
Background Knowledge
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There are some areas of knowledge that should be taken into
consideration to help in devising an experiment to help determine the
cause of the problem, and which gave me a greater understanding of the
problem.
A major factor in the decay of the statue is acid rain, which prevents
the formation of the oxide coat that would normally form on magnesium
preventing corrosion in air. Rain is naturally acidic, due to the CO2
dissolved in it, however when sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen
react with the rain water they form sulphuric, and nitric acids which
make the rain strongly acidic.
SO2 + ½O2 + H2O → H2SO4
It may also take the form of snow or fog. The sulphur dioxides and
oxides of nitrogen come mainly from industry. Acid rain is currently a
subject of great controversy because of widespread environmental
damage for which it has been blamed, including eroding structures,
injuring crops and forests, and threatening or depleting life in
freshwater lakes. However the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act of
1967 put in place regulations to reduce the release of sulphur dioxide
from power plants to 10 million tons per year by January 1, 2000. This
amount is about one-half the emissions of 1990.
But still it shall be the rate of reaction that changes the speed of
the statues decay, and chemical kinetics, the study of reaction rates,
shows that three conditions must be met at the molecular level if a
reaction is to occur:
· The molecules must collide;
· They must be positioned so that the reacting groups are together in
a transition state between reactants and products;
· And the collision must have enough energy to form the transition
state and convert it into products.
This last condition is referred to as the activation energy, there
The purpose for this lab was to use aluminum from a soda can to form a chemical compound known as hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate. In the lab aluminum waste were dissolved in KOH or potassium sulfide to form a complex alum. The solution was then filtered through gravity filtration to remove any solid material. 25 mLs of sulfuric acid was then added while gently boiling the solution resulting in crystals forming after cooling in an ice bath. The product was then collected and filter through vacuum filtration. Lastly, crystals were collected and weighed on a scale.
The Statue of a kouros and the Portrait statue of a boy both depict similar subjects, however are greatly different in how they accomplish this task. Through detail, or lack there of, the Greeks and Romans are able to display a certain value they have in its members. These two statues were made about 500 years apart and approach the sculpting process quit differently. The Greek statue seems to use geometric exaggerated lines to form the body while the Romans use a more realistic approach and sculpt the body with a more rounded finish. Statue of a kouros, from about 590 B.C and Portrait of a boy, from about the first century, do not share any great technical aspects and are basically nothing alike.
These two statues are famous to the Egyptian art era. They represent the woman’s position and the man’s position at that day and age. Traditionally, the rulers of Egypt were male. So, when Hatshepsut, Dynasty 18, ca. 1473-1458 B.C., assumed the titles and functions of king she was portrayed in royal male costumes. Such representations were more for a political statement, rather than a reflection of the way she actually looked. In this sculpture, she sits upon a throne and wears the royal kilt and the striped nemes (NEM-iss) headdress with the uraeus (cobra) and is bare chested like a man. However, she does not wear the royal beard, and the proportions of her body are delicate and feminine.
This article is about an experiment done to try to see if Aluminum can cause resistance in potatoes to a disease. Aluminum is commonly found in arid soils which accounts for 35% of all farmable on earth. The aluminum (specifically Al3+) targets the roots of the plants and causes stunted plant growth and abnormal root formation. THis causes stresses in the plant which could lead to cross resistance. This immunity has led to some plants to develop cross resistance to diseases. THis has happened before in the plant, an example is the fact that ozone induces resistance to the tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco plants. This phenomenon is what is being tested for in potato plants. Potato plants will be subjected to infections from Phytophthora
In the world today, there are many spectacular sculptures and artworks. The statue of Zeus at Olympia was possibly the most famous statue in the ancient world. It is known to be one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. The Greek sculptor Phidias made it about 435 BC, and dedicated to Zeus the king of gods. The statue of Zeus was the greatest statue to be built in Greece. The artists of this statue captured the royalty of the king by seating Zeus on a throne to inspire tremendous awe in all that witnessed this statue.
Alkylated phenols and their derivatives are important materials in both organic synthesis and chemical manufacturing. Mono-alkylphenols and di-alkylphenols are used as raw materials for the manufacture of a wide variety of products such as resins, wire enamels, varnishes, printing inks, antioxidants, flame retardants, ultraviolet absorbers, fungicide, petroleum additives and rubber chemicals [1-17]. Friedel–Crafts alkylation of phenol with tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) produces 2-tert-butylphenol (2-TBP), 4-tert-butylphenol (4-TBP), 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP), 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (2,6-DTBP) and tert-butylphenol ether (TBPE), depending on both the catalyst and the reaction conditions. Based on previous researches, it is well known that moderate acid catalysts or high reaction temperature led to carbon alkylated products and TBPE is produced in the presence of weak acidic catalysts as a major product. 2-TBP is the jarless product of alkylation of phenol with TBA owing to the presence of phenolic (–OH) group on the aromatic ring that kinetically favours o-alkylation. However, due to steric hindrance, thermodynamically unfavoured o-isomer (2-TBP) is readily isomerized into less hindered p-isomer (4-TBP), especially in moderate acidic media. If strong acid catalysts are used in the alkylation reaction, 2,4-DTBP is a dominant product [17,18]. 2,4-DTBP is used in the manufacture of its triphosphite and benzotriazole, which are employed as a co-stabilizer for PVC or UV absorbers in polyolefins [12,13]. 2-TBP is an intermediate for pesticides, fragrances and antioxidants [14]. High selectivity toward 4-TBP is favored since this product imparts enhanced properties to the class of metallic detergents (phenates) used in lubricating oil...
Iron comes from the Latin word ferrum. From ferrum its symbol became Fe. The atomic number of iron is 26, and its atomic weight is 55.845. Iron is a magnetic, bendable, shiny white metallic element.
This essay is all about the Element Magnesium. Magnesium is one of the wider known Elements from the periodic table and, as stated in the following essay, is very good for the human body, especially the muscles. It is also one that has been put in to a few different forms to be easier to take as a supplement. This is one of the points discussed in the following essay, as well as these other points; the history of Magnesium and its discovery, places you will find it such as food or other sources, its uses, plus potential health benefits and harms.
The International Criminal Court’s Roman Statue has many problems but has still managed to gain enough support to act as an international law making body. The International Criminal Court has obtained the support of over a hundred nations, but the unwillingness of the United States to join could jeopardize the effectiveness of the Court. The foundation of the International Criminal Court is set up in the Roman Statue, which was drafted by many countries at a conference in Rome. The Statue states what crimes the Court has jurisdiction over and it explains the structure of the Court. The Statue illustrates that the main goal of the International Criminal Court is to prosecute the most serious international crimes. It is questionable whether the Court is achieving this goal. The Roman Statue restricts the International Criminal Court from prosecuting many crimes because the Court has a strict time frame of when crimes can be tried and limits the amount of countries under its jurisdiction. The United States does not support the content of the Statue and has taken actions to omit themselves from its jurisdiction. These actions could stop the Court from successfully accomplishing their goal. The International Criminal Court is not an effective international organization because of the language of the Roman Statue and its inability to gain essential participation of the most influential nation in the world, the United States, who fears being prosecuted and cannot accept lack of control.
Sodium is an element on the periodic table with the chemical symbol as Na. Sodium, discovered by the English Chemist Sir Humphry Davy, is in the Alkali Metals group on the Periodic Table and it is a soft, silver/white color. Sodium, which is found in the Earth's crust, is important to society.
Moisture is heavy, and thus it can change the results of the experiment, as we only want the weight of magnesium and the magnesium oxide.
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