3.2. Accessibility Accessibility is often used in human geography for the evaluation of spatial distribution of facilities and functions. A place is accessible only when it can be reached easily by pedestrians or by an appropriate mode of transport; it denotes the ease with which any land-use activity can be reached from a location, using a particular transport system[13]. Accessibility is also considered as the opportunities available to an individual or type of person to take part in a particular activity or set of activities. Therefore an exemplary measurement of accessibility consist of two parts [14]: A. Transportation elements, which represents the impedance or difficulty of travel, usually measured by travel distance, time, or costs …show more content…
One central idea that has become very clear is that meeting one’s daily needs on foot in a neighborhood is made much more convenient and more likely when many-to destinations are clustered close together (Figure 2-9) [15]. According to Newman and Kenworthy a pedestrian catchment area or “Ped shed”, based on a 10 minute walk, creates an area of approximately 2.2-5.5 km2 (walking distance is about 800m – 1300m from the center to the edge) for walking speeds of 5-8 …show more content…
The Urban Village approach claims that the convenient walking distance usually defines the size, a 10 minute walk from one side of the urban area to the other (up to 900 m across) [18]. Thus an urban development area could be around 0.4 km2 say 600x600m , the maximum distance between the dwelling and different services as shown in (Figure 2-14); it illustrates that the comfortable walking distance is between 800 m to 1600 m; and using the car if the travel time is between 30 minutes to 1 hour 30 minutes44, that there is an approval that the walking distance between the services and any dwelling in a neighborhood must not exceed 10 to 15 minutes which refer to 400 m to 800 m (figure
...o suggest that occupation exists, providing a paradox for a scheme intended initially for its ‘walkability’. Unfortunately, it appears that residents are required to drive out of the development for essential amenities and services. Originally, plans for Upton aspired to establish a network of streets that would provide a connection into existing developments. Conversely, residents who inhabit these conventionally designed cul-de-sac developments may object to through traffic connections within the Upton scheme. In regards to public transport accessibility, the scheme is currently served by low floor busses which appear detached from the housing developments at a five minute walk away. This will have possible implications for residents with mobility and visual impairments, particularly as there is a general deficiency of tactile paving at key pedestrian crossings.
In a world where geography only makes the headlines or points of coffee house discussion if a new study is released about how terrible students are at it, however, amazingly there ARE still students and people alike that simply love it and are thriving in their point of interest. Some stare at maps endlessly searching for things that most people would never even care to look at such as what makes this state similar with this state or why is the population more or less here. Some long to find and view the rarest maps available; others embrace the future by participating in an activity known as geocaching. Geocaching is when the participant visits special areas with “treasures” hidden using their GPS devices and smartphones. Some people even draw thousands of their own imaginary maps, highlighting details in worlds and countries they long to visit.
Navigating the internal environment is a challenge for the visually impaired that is typically minimized through familiarization of the internal environment. That is to say, the visually impaired people can learn the way their homes are arranged. However, the issue of navigating the external environment proves to be a challenge because the external environment is not directly under the control of the visually impaired person [2]. It is challenging for the person to take a stroll, access social amenities and go to places of work. When examined on a global scale, most visually impaired people depend on the public transport system and walking to navigate around. Therefore, they depend on sighted assistance to identify the bus number, bus stops and the physical location of the bus. Moreover, challenges of navigation through walking includes barriers, uncovered drains, construction sites and lack of handicap-friendly
Generally, this chapter discussed about examination of three planning theory approaches which is the communicative model, the new urbanism and just city. Each approaches has different planning applicable as well as its strength and weakness. The communicative model is an approaches which highlighted the role of town planner as a medium to negotiate and persuade stakeholder regarding to planning matter. Next, the approaches of new urbanism is more focused on design and build physical features in planning urban development. Last but not least, the just city approaches concern to seek equality distribution of planning benefits toward private sector, government and society.
“If you look at the human condition today, not everyone is well fed, has access to good medical care, or the physical basics that provide for a healthy and a happy life.” This quote by Ralph Merkle shows that something so easily taken for granted is healthcare. Most of us wouldn’t even think about it as a privilege, something that has just always been there and always will. In America, we would never even imagine not being able to receive medical care in our times of need, in other countries that is not at all the case. Many will die from easily preventable and treatable diseases because they do not have medical care. The charity Doctors of the World is committed to helping those who do not have easy access to medical care
In an increasingly global world geography matters now more than ever. With so many groundbreaking technological advances within the last 50 years the world is rapidly evolving into a more interconnected and codependent society. These strides of advancement not only allow for international business interactions, but it allows instant communication to make business more cohesive. As a more interconnected society it is important for every person to understand the locations and cultural motivations of the people they interact with. These subject matters are suggested and discussed in “Why Geography Matters…More Than Ever!”
COMPONENT, C. (2007) Taxicab Geometry: Not the Shortest Ride Across Town. Iowa: Iowa State University.
Originally, cities arose because naturally, humans are social creatures that dwell in close proximity to each other, and it was typically in areas where the basic needs of food, shelter and water could be met or obtained. These communities grew to be large and expansive cities with complex natures, public buildings, religious institutions and possessed unique forms of housing, transportation and streets. (Cavaglieri, 22). There are currently two conflicting ideas of how a city should develop, through urban sprawl or through smart growth. Low density development, otherwise known as urban sprawl, is defined as "low density, automobile dependent development beyond the edge of service and employment areas." (The Policy Almanac, Urban Sprawl). On the other hand, Smart Growth which is loosely defined as planning principles "to stop sprawl, regenerate inner cities, provide transportation choices that include public transit, protect and integrate green-space into the urban fabric – and generally renew the promise of vibrant, vital cities and liveable communities." (Onyschuk, 1). Despite the positive aims of smart growth, many say that it is highly flawed and the results tend to contradict its goal of creating livable cities. The use of smart growth principles are essential for building sustainable, urban spaces. Smart growth promotes mid to high density development in the hopes of using less land to sustain more people. Mixed use neighbourhoods is an aspect of Smart Growth which allows residents to live, work and play in the same area. Various forms of transportation are heavily invested in to give people the option not to take their car, or completely get rid of it.
Geography’s Impact on Culture and Society. When studying ancient civilizations and the beginning societies of the world, the geography has shaped its story significantly. Depending on the location of the civilization, whether or not water was nearby was crucial for its survival. With trade networks, metals, foods, and languages were spread.
* Urban Professional^s recognition of the increased variability, robustness, and interest in both the urban area and their work. * Conservation Activist^s commendation of the lower consumption of resources, and reduced pressure on sensitive environment areas, suggestive of a reduction in urban sprawl. * The Development Industry^s equations of profit established through better and higher levels of land use. Essentially urban consolidation proposes an increase of either population or dwellings in an existing defined urban area (Roseth,1991). Furthermore, the suburban village seeks to establish this intensification within a more specific agenda, in which community is to be centred by public transport nodes, and housing choice is to be widened with increased diversity of housing type (Jackson,1998).
Within the study of Human Geography, which is defined as the study of ‘how people make places, how we organize space and society, how we interact with each other in places and across space, and how we make sense of others and ourselves in out localities, regions, and the world’ (Fouberg, 8), is the topic of Social Geography. Social Geography is most simply described as the study of people and their environment with a large emphasis on social factors. Within the textbook Human Geography People, Place, and Culture there is only one chapter having to do with Social Geography, Chapter Five Identity: Race, Ethnicity, Gender and Sexuality. Dowry death’s in India is a topic discussed in that chapter, which can be compared to a JSTOR article called Dowry as Female Competition. There are many issues concerned with dowry and Social Geography, on many different scales.
Geographic literacy is defined as the “understanding of how the world works that all members of modern society need. It is the ability to reason about Earth systems and interconnections to make far-reaching decisions. Geoliteracy fosters the understanding, reasoning, and citizenship skills necessary for professional careers and responsible citizenship. Whether deciding where to live or what precautions to take in the face of natural hazards, people make decisions that require geoliteracy throughout their lives.” (Couranz) Geographic literacy is important because everyone should understand how the world around him or her works.
Land use patterns can have diverse economic, social and environmental impacts: some some require less impervious surface (buildings and pavement) per capita and so preserve more openspace (gardens, farmland and natural habitat), and some are more accessible and so reduce transportation costs to businesses and consumers. Transportation planning decisions influence land use directly, by affecting the amount of land used for transport facilities, and indirectly, by affecting the location and design of development. For example, expanding urban highways increases pavement area, and encourages more dispersed, automobile-oriented development (sprawl), while walking, cycling and public transit improvements encourage compact, infill development (smart
...population distribution designed to reduce the rate of rural-urban migration appears to have had limited success in many developing countries. Policies must be directed at altering the rural economy in order to slow the rate of urban sprawl. Broad land use planning and changing of planning standards and governmental procedures would go a long way to reduce many of the problems that face urban populations in the developing areas, especially Africa. Urbanization can cause a lot of problems for a city or even a country. It can cause cities to become overpopulated which are known as mega-cites, and cause problems with living arrangements and finding a job. Urbanization can also cause health problems. Urbanization is supposed to be good for developing countries on the rise but with this rapid growth in Africa, these problems can become a major concern in the future.
Most of cities that people live are sequentially growing, daily routine of many people are also adapted for surrounding in the present. A lot of people have to spend most of their time with travelling though long distances to get from one place to another for connecting their businesses or other purposes by transportation. Most people use public transportation such as BTS and MRT to go each places while many people are using their own cars to travel. Thereby, both transportations have the same destination that is taking and moving people. People can choose vehicles from alter reasons depend on how people are responded to their needs by public transportation and private car that are different in convenience of travelling, expenditure of money and security of travel.