Secondly, the ‘tag question’ in the males and females conversations also influences dominance in language use. Lakoff (1975) highlighted that women uses tag questions more than men in linguistic rules. Furthermore, “Women use more tag-questions than men” also was studied by Bock (1996), consequently, less than 41% accepted viewpoint above while 17.2% refused and 41% had no answers. Most noticeably, the tag questions symbolize archetypal women’s language features (Coates, 1989, p. 67). They express uncertainty, facilitative, softening, and confrontational style. Yet, in general, men tend use question tags more often to express uncertainty while women use them mainly to facilitate communication in compliance with Holmes’s (1992, p. 319) result. …show more content…
đúng thế không?; à?; ư?,…., ect. without rising intonation at the end. “Con về rồi à?” (You got home, didn’t you?) Tag question usage in Vietnam context usually tends to fall intonation. This style often attracts and satisfies the hearers because of its softening. Moreover, to emphasize a strong point, question tag can be put at the beginning of sentence in Vietnamese. “Có đúng là em đã lấy chồng?” (translated “Are you married, aren’t you?”) (Huynh, 2006) but still falling intonation in this sentence. Although tag questions structures of Vietnamese and English is quite different, its politeness is maintained in communication. It is not sure whether Vietnamese women use tag questions more commonly than men or not. But nowadays, Vietnamese men also often this tag question style in conversation in order to appeal to addressees and express their own informality as well (Nguyen, 2012, p. 205). In sum, tag questions involved strong assertions. Researchers (Crosby & Nyquist, 1977; McMillan, Clifton, McGrath & Gale, 1977; Preisler, 1986) in this domain conclude that women (more affiliative) are more likely than men to use tag …show more content…
In fact, attitudes in interaction between men and women are extremely diverse among verbal and non-verbal interactions. The verbal interaction is spoken and written interaction; and nonverbal interaction is facial expressions, gestures, body movements, sounds, eye contact, etc. For verbal interactions, the researchers’ ( Tannen, 1990; Wood, 1996; Brownlow, Rosamon, & Parker, 2003; Colley, Todd, Bland, Holmes, Khanom, & Pike 2004; Herring, 1993) findings outline that women speak a language of connection and intimacy to achieve “instrumental” goals while speak a language of status and independence to acquire “instrumental” goals within the sociolinguistics . As the result, it is very crucial for everyone to understand the spoken interaction so that man/woman is able to how to interact correctly and appropriately with each other by using language. Let’s analyse an example of ‘mhmm’, the women use ‘mhmm’ quite often with regard to the meaning “I’m listening” whereas the men use ‘mhmm’ so as to show ‘I’m agreeing’, (Maltz and Borkers, 1982, p. 202). In addition, Stenstrom (1994, p. 1) mentioned that spoken interaction is a joint, speakers take turns and speakers cooperate are two key principles through social activities. Another verbal interaction example is computer-mediated interaction, such as email, chat rooms, and computer-mediated discussion groups and so forth. The
“Men are from Mars, women are from Venus” as the famous saying of John Gray goes. It is believed men and women are nothing alike in almost every aspect. In Deborah Tannen’s essay “Gender in the classroom: Teacher’s Classroom Strategies Should Recognize that Men and Women Use Language Differently” she focused on how men and women differ when it comes to communicating, with emphasis on how it effects to how men and women behave in the classroom.
Deborah Tannen wrote “ Talk in the Intimate Relationship” to help people learn something about how men and women's interactions differ. She is a language scholar and has past experience of failed relationships and she feels as though this was because of lack of communication. Her main focus is on metamessages, these are messages that go beyond what we say. She states that the people that are literal minded, miss out on the context of what communication is. What this essay will consist of being what Tannen calls metamessages, summarizing her article on how men and woman talk, deciding whether Tannen is favorable to both genders and last but not least if I agree to an extent with Tannen says in her article.
Deborah Tannen has achieved scholarly and public praise for her conclusions about how women and men differ in conversational styles. You Just Don’t Understand[6] clarifies stylistic differences in how the two sexes communicate with each other.
Maltz, Daniel N., and Ruth A. Borker. "A Cultural Approach To Male-Female Miscommunication." In Language and Social Identity. Edited by John J. Gumperz. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1982, pp. 196-216.
Verbal communication is intended to deliver a specific message (Carnes, 2015). It is ideal for communicating face to face, long distance, or even using technology driven formats (Carnes, 2015). Nonverbal communication is immediate (Carnes, 2015). Through the eyes or even a soft touch, emotions can be displayed (Carnes, 2015). As it relates to men and women, there are differences in how both use verbal and non-verbal communication. Men communicate verbally to offer solutions that are goal oriented (Carnes, 2015). Women communicate verbally to show empathy and focus on relationship building (Carnes, 2015). On the other hand, women are very in tune to understanding non-verbal communication, while men tend to miss subtle signals (Carnes,
What are the steps to due process? What significance are the court cases Goss v. Lopez and Dixon v. Alabama in maintaining a well-ordered school?
Deborah Tannen is the author of the book You Just Don't Understand where she analyzes the different meanings of communication between men and women. Her research shows that women and men use the same words and phrases and yet can interpret and react to those same words and phrases differently. Tannen compares the two sexes to find men use their conversation as a type of competition or to preserve their independence. For example, men talk about their knowledge regarding sports, cars, women, exc. Meanwhile, women try to foster intimacy through communication. For instance, women often talk and relate on a personal level. Throughout Tannen's book she uses "cross-cultural communication" to describe the differences between the language of men and women. Tannen observed that, "For males, conversation is the way you negotiate your status in the group and keep people from pushing you around; you use talk to preserve your independence. Females, on the other hand, use conversation to negotiate closeness and intimacy; talk is the essence of intimacy, so being best friends means sitting and talking. For boys, activities, doing things together, are central. Just sitting and talking is not an essential part of friendship. They're friends with the boys they do things with" (Tannen 95).
Steven Pinker distinguishes the difference between talking to man and women. Pinker showed a lady that was comfortable talking to another lady and the lady became angry when her talking to a man, not women (Pinker 2007 .p112, 113). People used intricacies method to achieve their needs and emotion instead of saying what they need to say directly. (Pinker 2007 .p113) Furthermore, even in a sexual situation, people twist and turn around and turn around their words. For example, “would you like to come up and see my etching?” (Pinker 2007.p113) Moreover, people use a kind word to order something from someone else without making a demand to the receiver or using indirect speeches to avoid a problem that may happen by mistake. (Pinker, 2007
Do men and women effectively communicate in the same way, or is it just a conversation of misunderstanding? There is constantly a new interest in whether men and women converse successfully. Professor and journalist, Deborah Tannen writes, “Sex, Lies, and Conversation: Why Is It So Hard for Men and Women to Talk to Each Other?” Tannen compares and contrasts all conversational styles, and explains how the expectation of dialogue affects how men and women converse. Tannen focuses on the subject of marriage and the imbalance of interest between male and female couples. The contrasting perspective however comes from, Deborah Cameron, author of, “What Language Barrier”. Cameron conveys that the stereotypes left upon male and female communication
Lieberman, Simma. “Differences in Male and Female Communication Styles” Simma Lieberman Associates (undated). Retrieved February 25, 2010<
There have been several discussions that address the differences between male and female language use. These discussions all began with Lakoff’s controversial essays from 1975 that first introduced the concept of “women’s language.” (O’Barr et al 1980) Since Lakoff’s essays, other linguists have sought to address the issue of how gender affects language. O’Barr and Atkins use Lakoff’s information ab...
...or a relationship”. In genderlects, there is no superior or inferior method of communication, but rather, men and women just communicate differently. By understanding these differences, one can reduce the amount of misunderstandings in future conversations.
The book An Intorduction of Sociolinguistics is an outstanding introductary book in the field of sociolinguistics. It encompasses a wide range of language issues. In chapter 13, Wardhaugh provides a good insight to the relationship between language and gender. He explains gender differences of language-in-use with concise examples. Wardhaugh riases questions about sexist language and guides readers to look closer at how people use language differently because of their own gender in daily life. According to the Whorfian hypothesis, which indicates that the way people use language reflects their thoughts, different genders adapt different communication strategies.
Essentially, we are all different. We use language differently and interpret language differently. This is what we base our perceptions of others on, thus it is ultimately what dictates our interaction with others. The fact that men’s and women’s interaction differs because the two sexes generally interpret things differently is not a strange phenomenon, because we are all different.
Our capacity as human beings to acquire and express complex methods of communication has been one of the biggest driving forces of humanity’s success. These complex linguistic systems are what we know as language. Language gives us a method of expressing concepts, emotions, and ideas in a varied way which sets us apart from all other animals. Language and gender is an area of sociolinguistics and related fields which attempt to define the differences in language related to gender, and what the inferences of these differences may be.