Image splicing forgery technique involves composition or merging of two or more images changing the original image significantly to produce a forged image. In case images with differing background are merged then it becomes very difficult to make the borders and boundaries indiscernible. Figure 2 below shows an example of image splicing where the face of two different people is combined to form a forged image. Fig 2: Osama bin ladin’s spliced image which became viral on the net[theguardian.com, 2nd May 2011] Splicing detection is a complex problem whereby the composite regions are investigated by a variety of methods. The presence of abrupt changes between different regions that are combined and their backgrounds, provide valuable traces to detect splicing in the image under consideration. Farid [56] suggested a method based on bi-spectral analysis to detect introduction of un-natural higher-order correlations into the signal by the forgery process and is successfully implemented for detecting human-speech splicing. Ng and Chang [57] suggested an image-splicing detection method based on the use of bi-coherence magnitude features and phase features. Detection accuracy of 70% was obtained. Same authors later developed a model for detection of discontinuity caused by abrupt splicing using bi-coherence [58]. Fu et al. [59] proposed a method that implemented use of Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) to obtain features for classification. Statistical natural image model defined by moments of characteristic functions was used to differentiate the spliced images from the original images. Chen et al. [60] proposed a method that obtains image features from moments of wavelet characteristic and 2-D phase congruency which is a sensitive m... ... middle of paper ... ...ction for the tampering decision. Texture- and edge-based features are extracted from illuminant estimators which are then provided to a machine-learning approach for automatic decision-making. SVM is used for classification and detection rates of 86% on a dataset consisting of 200 images and 83% on 50 images collected from the Internet was achieved. Another detection scheme based on blur as a clue is proposed in [77]. This method expose the presence of splicing by evaluating inconsistencies in motion blur even under space-variant blurring situations. The methods discussed above have a few limitations such as the detection methods fail when measures such as blur are used to conceal the sharp edges disturbances after splicing. The requirement of edges to be wide for reliable extraction is also a limitation. Moreover minor and localized tampering may go undetected.
Johnson, David. “Osama bin Laden: Wealthy Saudi exile is a terrorist mastermind.” Infoplease.com. 1 April 2008.
Egypt is a city bound to its history and tradition. Portraiture in Egypt was the inspiration for many cultures and stood as heavy influence for the catalyst of portraiture development around the world. Portraiture in ancient Egypt was constant and predictable until the late eighteenth century when Amarna style portraiture was introduced. The Amarna style stands out in Egyptian history for its severe contrast and break in tradition. The rendering of the body changes completely and deviates from what is expected of Egyptian art. This falls into the same time when Amenhotep IV was introducing other changes into Egyptian culture as well. As Amarna style progresses it is accompanied by the institution of Egyptian henotheism. Over two thousand deities were to be abandoned during Amenhotep IV’s eighteen year reign. His name would become Akhenaten and the Amarna style would be grouped into a class of ancient art surrounding Akhenaten, his family, and the sole god Aten.
Pivot Joint This type of joint is also known as a rotary joint and allows only one type of movement, rotational movement which occurs when bone rotates on or around another bone, an example of this type of joint includes the joint of the first and second vertebrae of the neck that allows the head to move back and forth, the joint in the wrist which allows the palm to be turned facing upwards and facing downwards, this type of joint is incredibly important because it allows the bones to move freely while rotating, without this type of joint we wouldn’t be able move our head or our hands and wrists. The bones in a pivot joint are connected by ligaments to allow flexible side to side movement. Different types of bones are connected in a joint, for example, irregular bones like the vertebra and the skull is connected in a pivot joint. Hinge Joint
To continue, the development of new technologies, such as computers and image editing software, has increased and redefined the nature of false advertising. Programs such as Adobe Photoshop have made the digital manipulation of images possible. One of the functions of this software is “airbrushing”, which in this context refers to the technique used to conceal, eliminate, or alter the appearance of flaws. Image editing software has facilitated the “re-touching of photographs related to any characteristics directly relevant to the apparent ...
The modern world is full of photographs. They are used for ads, political campaigns, and magazines. However it can be hard to tell whether or not a photograph is real. Many are ‘doctored’ or altered in some way. These doctored photographs can be seemingly harmless, such as advertisements, but they can misrepresent a product or person. There is a fine line between what is ethical and what isn’t for doctored images. Photographs should never be altered in order to deceive individuals, damage someone’s reputation, or when they have a strong negative impact on self-esteem. However if doctored photographs are used for art or for minor touch-ups for advertisements that don’t misrepresent a product then
The term cloning describes a number of different processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity. The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a clone. Researchers have cloned a wide range of biological materials, including cells, genes, tissues and even entire organisms, such as a sheep.
Here, I will reveal the methods and tactics to writing an effective analytical essay or evaluative article. Even if you already know how to write a well-structured essay, you may wish to refresh your knowledge and reaffirm what you already know.
We don’t teach it. If we read novels in class they have to read it out loud. We don’t teach it or score it.
Lucas, Dean. "The Famous Picture-Fall of Saddam Hussein's Statue." The Famous Picture Magazine, 2007: 9-15.
5. Information carrier: The blind type of audio watermarking technique can be used for sending information from one place to another. But this comes out be less robust because as the amount of information goes on increasing, the robustness of the algorithm tends to decrease.
The ability to alter images can open creative outlets for photographers and In turn, produce better quality work. Any photog...
The following lists are not all-inclusive, but most common. They are a minimum students at each grade level should read and understand how to use and apply by the current school year end. Others may be added based on your classroom of students.
Growing up learning and speaking English has been something that was difficult for me at first but then came easy, but that was not the case for my mother. She spent her whole life speaking Spanish, so when she decided to take English learning classes it was challenging. However, she had me to help her throughout her struggle. I helped her complete her homework and assignments. We would also go to the library to check out easy level reading books to have her read to me. I would correct her English when it was wrong and do all I could to boost her confidence. It took me a while to understand and figure out what the best way to teach her was, but it was a fun experience for the both of us. Teaching her English was difficult because things that
This technique use pass point method in which image is selected and selected image becomes larger and a specific portion of image is picked for authentication. [11]