Audio Signal
An audio signal is a demonstration of sound typically as an electrical voltage. The audio frequencies of the audio signals have in the range of roughly 20 to 20,000 Hz. Audio signals may be synthesized or can be originated at a transducer like in a microphone, loudspeakers, musical instruments, pickup convert an electrical audio signal in the form of sound. Digital representations of audio signals exist in number of formats. Audio signals may be characterized by parameters such as their bandwidth, power level in decibels (dB), and voltage level.
Audio watermarking
With the rapid development in computer technology, large number of medias are being converted to digital form and with the use of internet technology it has become very
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Capacity: The data stored in the audio file should be large enough so as to give the adequate information about the owner of the digital media. [2][11]
Advantages of audio watermarking
1. Fingerprinting: Data embedded in the audio file can be used to track the history of usage of the audio file as well as owner of the audio data can get the idea about the popularity of the audio file. [2]
2. Copyright protection: In the case of the multiple ownership issue, the identity of the real owner can be known easily using the information embedded in the audio file. Hence the watermark can be used as a strong evidence in case of copyright lawsuit. [2]
3. Broadcast monitoring: A company can know about the number of times an advertisement is played on a T.V. channel or any radio channel. [2]
4. Copy control: Now a days, some recording devices have been developed which can stop the recording or copying of an audio file as soon as it detects a watermark which indicates the recording of the music as illegal. [2]
5. Information carrier: The blind type of audio watermarking technique can be used for sending information from one place to another. But this comes out be less robust because as the amount of information goes on increasing, the robustness of the algorithm tends to decrease.
One of the newest, most exciting and innovative ways to get music these days is not in the mall and not at a huge mega-sized electronic store, it's not even by a mail order CD club. It’s the computer. It sits conveniently on a desk and now allows access to every imaginable genre of music, twenty-four hours a day, rain or shine, snow or sleet, in the comfort of your own home. Technology is changing the way we listen to music. Now downloading a Mp3 from the Internet is a lot easier than going to the store and buying an overpriced CD. A near CD quality digital recording of music, Mp3s are digital computer files compressed to make them readily available over the Internet. It seems the high prices, new technology, and availability are causing most music lovers to turn to this new form of music media to combat their expensive addiction to compact discs. It has become so simple to search out and download music that more and more people are finding it favorable to just copy their music to a recordable CD (CD-R). That would mean people could, from their own home, create illegal copies of the copyrighted material at or near industrial compact disc quality. Further adding to consumer accessibility, manufacturers now produce portable MP3 players , so now the need to buy CD-R’s is eliminated and you can just...
“It is estimated that such illegal product costs the music industry more than 300 million dollars a year domestically.” This is why the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is taking a strong stance against MP3 piracy. The damage done to the recording industry in lost profits, increased prices, and lost jobs is overwhelming. In an attempt to put a damper on file swapping, and recapture lost revenue the RIAA has been suing people ...
stored on a computer or other data storage media.MP3 shrinks audio files in such a way that
It is not unusual to find hostile response of audio-visual industry against a new copying technology. Every time when a new copying technology was invented and introduced into the market, the industry responded argued that the new technology would cause significant damage to them by promoting piracy; It was true with the cases of Xerox, audio tape recorder, video tape recorder, compact disc (CD), and finally with the online file sharing through Peer-to-Peer (P2P) service. Usually, introduction of new copying technology led to series of legal disputes just like what we are witnessing in the current case of the Record Industry Association of America’s (RIAA) lawsuits against KaZaA and its individual members. Quite contrary to the industry’s usual arguments, however, new technologies eventually have proved additional revenues of profit for them so far. (Bettig, 1996)
This paper describes various forms of DRM (Digital Rights Management), the DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act), and methods of bypassing the afore mentioned subjects. Different forms of transmission of DRM protected material also has a direct relationship with what kind of files are protected by the DMCA and will be discussed. This paper will also discuss how law makers are attempting to halt illegal music sharing and how these attempts are in vain.
The history of the modern media surveillance systems begins first with the invention of the computer and the use of software. Before the internet, information was only transported between computers by a physical storage device or an extremely expensive network. Software for media surveillance was only used to scan the media that was available in data form for particular key words. It could then be stored and indexed to be later analyzed. (Sarlós, 1982)
Music Copyright is a very important aspect of the music industry. The Copyright law was established to preserve the creativity and rights of authors, composers, performers of expression. Copyright is the law that protects the property rights of the creator of an original work in a fixed tangible medium. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/copyright) A fixed tangible medium is something substantial like copying lyrics on paper or putting a song on tape or CD. Copyright can be seen every where in the music industry. Many music artist of our culture today have been involved in copyright issues. Recently, on MTV news it was stated that, "As the music industry becomes increasingly concerned about protecting the integrity of artists copyrights in the age of MP3. Prince has now filed a motion in New York federal court aimed at shutting down several websites offering free downloads of the Artist's songs." (http://www.mtv.com…19990304/prince.jhtml) In addition, in recent music news, "Nine Inch Nails lead man Trent Reznor copyright infringement suit was dismissed. Another artist claimed that the Reznor had stolen material for his last album." (http://www.mtv.com…19991202/nine_inch_nails.jhtml) The copyright law has become an important legal aspect to know our music generation.
Most of the applications in terms of speech and audio compression may seem obvious at first, but what most do not realize is the scale at which it is used. Some of the more common examples include: telephone communications, compact disc players in the form of digital audio coding, stereo sound systems, speech recognition and playback, noise reduction/filtering after voice recognition and speech synthesis [1]. The uses of DSP for speech and audio compression is certainly not limited to these examples, but just these alone are examples that the general public use through various devices on a daily basis often without realizing the function of the systems and processes that go into their operation.
These methods are used to test advertisements before broadcasting or launching them. These measures can provide with inputs,
Is important for anyone who has created any intellectual property to protect it. In the music industry, in order for someone to protect their work, they must obtain a copyright. Music has been around before anyone could obtain a copyright and when the invention of the computer came along it made it easier for someone to steal another artist's intellectual property with the help of the internet. This paper will cover what events have taken a big role in copyright protection for artist, the consequences if someone was to break the rules of a copyright which is called copyright infringement, and how will a copyright hold in the future. Were copyrights enacted without the thought of life changing technology, and how can some music companies surpass copyright infringement and make a profit from the artist? Can a copyright really make that much of a difference in the world we know today?
Both printed media and electronic media are in a constant state comparison, both competing to super pass each other. Both of the medium have their own unique features through their advantage, disadvantages and popularity. This basic point of the comparison.
Nowadays, advertisements are everywhere embedded in our daily life. They are powerful resources that inform people the latest news about a particular product or brand in many different ways. Most of the people are being able to get more information and detail of a product from media, radio stations, newspapers and internet. Even though advertising is a big informative source, it also can be considered as a marketing tool to control the mind and desires of the consumers to manipulate and persuade them to buy things they do not need.
Television advertisement takes an important part of everyday human's life. Everyday millions of people in America and the world watches Television and advertisements. Television advertisements are very common these days. They appear in public where a lot of people can hear and watch. For example, commercials tend to appear on the radio, foot ball game where a lot of people are watching, and in on television. Advertisement is seen many times especially on television. Television is the most efficient way for business industries to use to take advantage of showing advertisement.
Speaking of how the human ear receives music, sound is produced by vibrations that transmits energy into sound waves, a form of energy in which human ears can respond to and hear. Specifically, there are two different types of sound waves. The more common of the two are the transversal waves, which ...