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Theories of language acquisition and their influence in early childhood
Theories of language acquisition and their influence in early childhood
Socioeconomic affects on language development
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Introduction Socioeconomic status is a way of ranking an individual’s relative position in a society founded on power, status, and class. It is considerably represented via occupation, educational level, wealth, and financial resources. Individuals with lower socioeconomic status are basically concerned with daily living; practical concerns associated with making both ends meet i.e. personal or financial (Rowe, 2008). Conversely, development of vocabulary is a major aspect of academic learning. It is a procedure through which individuals acquire words. The socioeconomic status of a population is specifically measured in terms of occupation, education and familial income. It is mainly understood as a social class or social standing of a person. …show more content…
A well recognized aspect of verbal skills includes the knowledge of vocabulary. Often vocabulary is referred to as a set of words familiar to an individual. An extensive research body indicates that knowledge of vocabulary is a significant aspect to the success of literacy or comprehension (Christ & Wang, 2010). Previous studies indicate that there is a significant difference in the verbal capability which is evident when an individual enters in a school. It also reveals that these types of disparities often start within the initial few years of a child’s life. From birth to 6 years of age, during the pre-reading period, almost all the learning takes place orally. For this reason, the language and oral vocabulary knowledge are the foundation for a child on the path to academic success, or worse, academic failure (Farkas & Beron, 2004). It is therefore, imperative for an SLP or Speech-Language Pathologist to examine the link between early vocabulary development and SES for the purpose of best supporting the development of language of disadvantaged children when they seek admission in school. Again, it is evident that lower SES status will negatively affect vocabulary …show more content…
Fernald, Marchman & Weisleder (2013) conducted a “prospective cohort longitudinal study” that primarily assessed the language development processing efficiency and learning of vocabulary of children at 18 and 24 months of age belonging to families of different socioeconomic status. Forty-eight children were recruited for this study. The vocabulary of these children were assessed through MacArthur CDI. Hollingshead four-factor Index of Social Status was employed for determining the familial SES. It was founded on the weighted average of both the parent’s occupation and education. The collected data was analyzed through ANOVA which revealed a significant effect on the SES and vocabulary development at both 18 and 24 months. In addition, the developmental alteration pattern in vocabulary was diversified as an SES function. Significant group differences were observed in the vocabulary scores of children belonging to different socioeconomic backgrounds. This was evident in those 18 months old and was higher at 24 months of
Health and inequality have always been two very controversial topics in society. Society tends to classify us into a class (or social class) based on unequal distribution of power, wealth, income, and status (Germov 2015: p. 510). Your socioeconomic status”(SES) is also a major factor in the health inequalities we face in todays society. What does socioeconomic status (SES), even mean?
...y and Vocabulary Development During the Early School Years: A Longitudinal Study. Developmental Psychology. American Psychological Association Inc.
The child’s lexical inventory is well developed. She has no troubles with finding words to express her thoughts. Not many words are repeated and that illustrates that she has a vast vocabulary to where she does not have to borrow words. She does not over or under extend the usage of her words.
Bacon, C. K., & Wilcox M. J. (2011). Developmental Language Impairment During the Preschool Years. In Anderson N.B., & Shames G. H. (Ed.), Human Communication Disorders: an Introduction (8th ed.) (pp. 308-312). Upper Saddle, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.
Are the performances of African American children with language impairments statistically different from those of peers matched for chronological age or mean C-unit length on selected expressive and receptive language measures?
Society has developed the concept of social class to categorize people into different groups based on economic, political, and socio-economic status. This system of social stratification contributes to the difficulties that the middle and lower classes have to experience in order to succeed in the United States. The idea of social class has been a central concept in determining the opportunities a person is capable of having. People from different socioeconomic backgrounds live different lifestyles as well as have different opportunities available to them. Because of this idea, people with a higher social class ranking have an advantage over those in lower class rankings.
Language Development of children from low income populations continues to be an ongoing barrier for academic progress. What causes these linguistic deficiencies is a question that does not have one solid, proven answer. These linguistic deficiencies are often blamed on parents who, presumably, do not provide their children with sufficiently rich language learning environments. The 1995 groundbreaking work of Betty Hart and Todd Risley studied vocabulary development in families from different socioeconomic backgrounds and their results claim that poor children grow up in linguistically impoverished environments that limit their vocabulary development and ultimately their success in school. Further, the Hart and Risley’s study claims that children from low income environments do not receive the same quality or quantity of language as children in middle and upper income environments. Their findings report that by age 3 low income children have about a 500 word vocabulary while children from mid to upper SES have a vocabulary of over 1000 words. According to Hart and Risley, children from higher SES hear more words spoken by their parents thus they know more words. “by age 3 the children in professional families would have heard more than 30 million words, the children in working –class families 20 million, and the children in welfare families 10 million” (Pathologizing the Lanaguage and Culture of Poor Children p. 363, (Hart and Risley Study p.132)). Hart and Risley also argue that these deficiencies play a significant role in the high school dropout rate and the continuation of the poverty cycle. Ultimately, Hart and Risley stand on the ideas that there is a culture of poverty that limits the academic and vocational success ...
This essay is about a child’s development and learning, focusing primarily on language development. It will describe the main stages of developmental "milestones" and the key concepts involved for children to develop their language skills, discussing language acquisition and social learning theory. The essay will also look into the key theorists involved in language development, primarily Vygotsky and Chomsky, and how these theories have had an impact on the way society views language and their implementation within schools. The essay will describe the factors affecting language development, both biological and environmental. While also discussing key arguments among theorists, one being the nature vs nurture debate, and how these play a part in the teaching in schools.
The Socio Economic Class (SEC) divides the individuals within the society intro groups depending on the capital, wealth they possess, and their access to resources. Snook and O’Neill (2010, p.4) specifies that social class “…denotes a group of people who share a common economic situation within the relations of capital production and whose group interests conflict with those of other groups.” The Socio-economic Status describes the “… patterned unequal distribution of opportunities, advantages, resources and power among subgroups of a given population” (p.4). The SEC theory in relation to education explains the capital you have or you do not have, and how it affects a student’s success at school.
The other example, the assignment of poverty socioeconomic status was a excellent assignment because it taught us the understanding in the life of poverty. People who are the low socioeconomic status live in the environment that unsafe and stressful, and there is the vicious cycle: once someone stuck in the vicious cycle, it is hard to get out from there. Especially, children who live in the vicious cycle because of their parents or their guardians, they cannot have a quality of life that they should have. The course taught us the understanding in the effect of socioeconomic status. As educators, we should pay attention to those children who really need help and should work hard to promote their better education.
Socioeconomic status (SES) commonly refers to the “social standing or class” of an individual or a group. It is the economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family's economic and social position in relation to others. It is often measured based on income, education, and occupation. Socioeconomic status is a major determinant of health as poor social and economic circumstances affect health throughout the life course. This can be demonstrated by the fact that health outcomes worsen as one descends down the social gradient in all societies.
With the many vulnerable populations that social workers address, those of low socioeconomic status are the most prevalent in today’s society. Poverty has greatly impacted our country in a multitude of ways. Moreover, there are some aspects of poverty that effect individuals on a greater level then the recourses they can obtain. Having a low socioeconomic status can effect an individual’s overall health and even psychological perception. For children especially, at such an impressionable period of development, this can be extremely detrimental. In a case study done fairly recently, in a different country, there was evidence suggesting similarly that socioeconomic status was significantly impactful on children’s self-esteem.
Children go through a number of different stages as language develops. According to Craig and Dunn, (2010), “Even before birth, it appears that infants are prepared to respond to and learn language” (p. 112). Children develop these skills quickly with nature and nurture influences. Researchers have proposed several different theories to explain how and why language development occurs. This paper is an overview of the process of early childhood language development with research evidence supporting the information stated.
A child’s environment can influence their entire life. Family members are often a large part if not the largest part of a child’s environment. By that standard we could assume that family members impact a child’s development and more specifically their language development. Throughout my research I found the impact of siblings on vocabulary competences and parental home literacy involvement on school readiness.
There is a close relationship between reading and language, some children inability to achieve reading proficiency seems to be attributed to lack of exposure to language patterns and literacy-based interactions and materials during their early years (National Institution of Child Health and Human Development, 1998)