Scoring and Interpretation
The scoring and interpretation of the Rorschach inkblot test is complex and requires extensive training and experience (Framingham 2014). Hence any online inkblot test may be of little use or validity. The Rorschach test is a simple package with 10 cards and unlike most psychological test kits; it does not contain a test manual with any instruction for scoring and interpreting. As a result a number of manuals and handbooks were put forward by persons such as Aronow and Rezniknoff; Beck, Exner and Weiner, Klopfer and Davidson; Lerner and Piotowski. However the most extensively used scoring system is Exner’s Comprehensive System which takes into account the best components of the other systems.
The Exner scoring system scrutinizes every aspect of the answers provided by the test taker. This includes, how much of the inkblot is used, to what story is told about the response; and the level of detail and type of content is offered about the inkblot. Scoring begins by examining the developmental quality of the response such as how well synthesized, ordinary, vague or arbitrary the response is. Scoring is done by coding response according to all of the blot features that have contributed to the formation of the response. The following characteristics are coded:
• Form
• Movement – when any movement occurred in the response
• Chromatic Color – when color is used in the response
• Achromatic Color – when black, white or grays are used in the response
• Shading-texture – when texture is used in the response
• Shading-dimension – when dimension is used in the response with reference to shading
• Shading-diffuse – when shading is used in the response
• Form dimension – when dimension is used in the resp...
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...research concluded that African Americans have learnt to limit their degree of self-disclosure (Akerman & kane 2007). Similarly, in the Caribbean people generally do not quickly self-disclosed. The Rorschach is a projective test which requires subjective answers and can therefore meet resistance in the Caribbean culture in which people are still not very open about their personal thoughts and lives.
Essentially cross cultured validity will be challenging to measure but persons administering the test need to ensure that they understand mainstream psychometric issues, have the requisite qualification and experience as well knowledge of cultural differences that can create possible biases. With proper understanding and training, the Rorschach test may be used in the Caribbean since its effective use relies heavily on the administrator and interpreter of the test.
The final test that I administer is called the Faux-Rorschach test. This test is constructed of three inkblot pictures and it intends to analyze a person’s emotional functioning. As I handed Steven each inkblot picture I asked him, “What may this be? His response for the first inkblot picture was, “This is two aliens doing the Nae Nae and they are both having babies at the same time while doing the Nae Nae.” I added, “What is the Nae Nae?” and he responded, “The NaeNae is a dance.” I then asked him to show me where he saw that. This was a really interesting response because it seem like Steven incorporated movement that doesn’t really exist. This is a sign of creativity because I was able to see his perspective after he pointed the picture out to me.When I handed him the next inkblot his response was, “This is an alien jumping towards me because he wants to attack me. I then asked him if he could show me where he saw that. He pointed at the picture and said, “These are his legs and his pulling his feet up because he is jumping towards me and the arms are out because he wants to grab me and take me down. And these are his foot prints from when he jumped.” I noticed Steven seemed to have a theme and that was unrealistic creatures. This makes me believe that he may be misunderstood and feels attacked by others. His final response to the last inkblot picture was, Steve: “These are two devils that are
Bibliography 3rd edition Psychology (Bernstein-Stewart, Roy, Srull, & Wickens) Houghton Mifflin Company Boston, Massachusetts 1994
The Situational Stress domain evaluates whether or not an individuals’ responses on the Rorschach are caused by situational factors. Ms. M’s results suggested that
...t is the Rorschach test of what is inside of a person. One work can touch or go unnoticed by its audience; it projects their “secret lives” (159).
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Journal of personality and social psychology and. Retrieved from http://internal.psychology.illinois.edu/~broberts/Hazan & Shaver, 1987.pdf
When working with clients of diverse background and cultures, it is important for counselors to be conscious of this fact during assessment and subsequent counseling. Due to fact that much of Western psychology and counseling theories and approaches stem from a White, European viewpoint, experiences and symptoms of marginalized groups are also evaluated by this same perspective (Sue & Sue, 2016). Furthermore, Hays (2015) stated, “psychological assessment involves standardized procedures that have been developed and shaped by dominant culture, which largely ignores or dismisses cultural influences. As a result, cultural questions and consideration are commonly left out,” (p. 128).
The adjustments include multiple choice to eliminate choices; discussion and essays give the students a chance to label or draw pictures; matching helps to eliminate unfamiliar language matches; short answers consist of one-word answers; true/false clarify the unfamiliar words and fill in the blank provides two to three choices. In addition, accommodating grading can be easy to focus on and allow the student to feel relief, which includes grading completed items and only half of the number of items, while accepting pictures as answers rather than word use; grade and count the process not the product and homework and labs should be included in their final assessment (Fregeau & Leier,
Hays, P. A. (2008). Addressing cultural complexities in practice: Assessment, diagnosis, and therapy (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
With this he came up with two fundamental concepts in relation to the overall test. This was in tandem with the different cognitive functions of different members (Myers I. B., 1987). He concluded that there were the ‘rational’ or judging functions and the ‘irrational’ or perceiving functions. The rational functions included the thinking and feeling aspect to it, while the irrational entailed the sensation and intuition aspect (Myers I. B., 1995). This was further subdivided into four opposite pairs with a possibility of 16 other possible psychological types. They include intuition (N), extraversion (E), judgment (J), sensing (S), feeling (F), thinking (T), introversion (I) and perception (P) (Myers I. B., 1995).
Orne, M. T., & Holland, C. H. (1968). On the ecological validity of laboratory deceptions. International Journal of Psychiatry, 6: 282-293.
Karabudak, S., Tas, F., Basbakkal, B., (2013). Giger and Davidhizar’s Transcultural Assessment Model: A Case
Self-report personality inventories such as these allow for a comparison of various traits within an individual to other people’s qualities (Nevid, 2015, p. 435). Additionally, this form of testing is inexpensive to administer and score. Another benefit of these types of tests is the likelihood that one will be honest, due to the lack of face-to-face communication with an interviewer (Nevid, 2015, p. 436). Lastly, this form of testing also offers the possibility of boosting one’s confidence level, because of the positive wording that does not focus on the negative aspects of one’s personality (Caswell & Stromberg, 2015, para. 21). Nevertheless, negative factors remain, such as the results of these tests have the ability to change based on one’s mood, which may have been the reason for the variance in my testing results. According to an article by Vox media, fifty percent of testers had a changed result in as little as five weeks after the first testing experience (Caswell & Stromberg, 2015, para. 24). These self-reported tests depend on the truthfulness of the individual taking the test, thus they rely on the self-judgment of one’s opinion (Nevid, 2015, p. 435) Additionally, these tests which are bias, measure a single dimension of personality (Nevid, 2015, p.
The clinical and statistical approaches have both proven to be successful methods in clinical psychology. Each approach has its pros and cons depending on the type of situation that is being dealt with. Clinical judgment can be a complex process because it requires a patient’s data which are composed of samples, observations, signs of underlying states and the clinician’s responses. According to Sundberg, Tyler and Taplin (1973) clinical interpretation may consist of 3 different levels: Level 1 deals with clinicians being familiar with certain experiences, and therefore, making a prediction based off of that. An example of this would be the SAT or GRE assessments. Level 2 is comprised of clinicians carefully observing a patient’s behaviors and coming up with a conclusion based off of the behavior characteristics that the patient displays. In level 3, based off of the individual’s determinants in a specific situation, the clinician seeks a consistent understanding. For example, blood responses on the Rorschach test can be a determinant of hidden aggression, which would then lead to future impulsive outbursts or losing control of oneself (Sundverg, Tyler and Taplin 1973). Although both the clinical and statistical approaches have proven to be beneficial, I believe that clinical psychologists should not rely more on statistical predictions and prepackaged treatments than clinical judgment and individual patients.
Morasco, B. J., Gfeller, J. D., & Elder, K. A. (2007). The Utility of the NEO–PI–R Validity Scales to Detect Response Distortion: A Comparison With the MMPI–2. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88(3), 227-281. doi:10.1080/00223890701293924
of the JUNG Typology test and the DISC Assessment actually proved to be fairly accurate to