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Galileo Galilei and his contribution to the world of science
Galileo Galilei thesis
Galileo Galilei contribution to science
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Robert Boyle Introduction The English chemist, Robert Boyle, was the 14th child born to Richard Boyle, the First Earl of Cork, and Catherine. He was born in Lismore Castle, Ireland on January 25, 1627. When he was about a year old, his father sent him to live with an impoverished Irish family for a few years in an attempt to toughen and prepare Robert for life. This separation from his family resulted in Robert’s stutter. The following year, his mother died and he was allowed to return home. Childhood Boyle’s education began at the age of four with the study of French and Latin. At the age of 8, he was sent to Eton College, England then he was whisked on a European tour with his tutor and older brother Francis when he was 12. His stop in Italy proved to be a major turning point in his life. It was during this visit that he was first exposed to the works of Galileo Galilei and his studies on mathematics and motion. Adult Life …show more content…
Boyle repeatedly stated that he did not believe in mysticism, he strongly supported and experimented with alchemy. One of his main goals in life was to find the Philosophers’ Stone. On March 6, 1647, he stated, “Well, I see I am not designed to the finding out the Philosophers’ Stone, I have been so unlucky in my first attempts in chemistry.” Major Accomplishments Boyle has been fitly named, “the Father of Modern Chemistry.” Among his many accomplishments are the creation of the first gas law, Boyle’s Law, discoveries about what can and can’t pass through a vacuum, and an accurate definition of elements and compounds. Obviously, Boyle’s greatest and most notable achievement is Boyle’s Law, which states that, “pressure multiplied by volume is a constant.” In other words, the higher the gas pressure, the lower the gas’ volume will
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The Avogadro constant is named after the early nineteenth century Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro, who is credited (1811) with being the first to realize that the volume of a gas (strictly, of an ideal gas) is proportional to the number of atoms or molecules. The French chemist Jean Baptiste Perrin in 1909 proposed naming the constant in honor of Avogadro. American chemistry textbooks picked it up in the 1930's followed by high school textbooks starting in the 1950s.
This law, known as Gay-Lussac’s law, observes the relationship between the pressure and temperature of a gas. Contrary to its name, this relationship was actually discovered by French scientific instrument inventor and physicist Guillaume Amontons, and is occasionally referred to Amontons’ Law of Pressure-Temperature. While Guy-Lussac did explore the temperature-pressure relationship, Guy-Lussac’s law is usually used to refer to the law of combining volumes. Amontons stubble across this relationship when he was building an “air thermometer.” Although not many have been able identify his exact method of experimentation, later scientist developed an apparatus in which consisted of pressure gauge and a metal sphere. These two pieces were then attached and submerged in solutions of varying temperatures. From Amontons’ and Guy-Lussac’s research and experimentation, they determined that pressure and volume had direct relationship; as one increased, the other increased. The quotient of pressure and temperature was then found to equal a constant, in which just like Boyle’s law, could be used to find one of the two variables at another pressure or temperature, given one of the variables and that the other conditions remain the same. Instead of using various solutions at different temperatures like in the experiment describe above, many experiments today utilize a solution in which the temperature is increased or decrease, such as in the following
Frederick Barrett was born in Liverpool, England in 1884. He worked as a coal miner and a local pit collier. The rumors were that Barrett started working on boats and going to sea because his wife started being unfaithful to him. Before he started working as a fireman on the Titanic he worked on a ship called the New York and he lived in South Hampton.
One of the greatest scientists of the 1700s and 1800s was a man named Joseph L. Proust. He was a French chemist who was born on September 26, 1754 in Angers, France and died on July 5, 1826 in Angers, France. Proust changed science as everyone before him knew it. His ideas at the time were not held too highly for what they were. Nowadays, people view him as one of the greatest chemists of the past in terms of atomic structure. He is well known for his theory of definite composition that he came up with in 1793. This theory states that the percent composition of any sample of a substance is the same. In order to come up with this theory, Proust conducted a series of experiments with a lot of research behind it. One of the most successful experiments that backed up his theory was with the oxides of iron in 1797.
Another of Graham�s accomplishments was in his study of diffusion and effusion of gases. His formula for the effusion of gases even carries his name; it is called Graham�s Law.
Gay-Lussac did his first major research in the winter of 1801-1802 when he was 24. He found some different evidence about the expansion properties of different gases. He took out the water vapor from the equipment he used and made sure that the gases didn't have any moisture, he got results that were more accurate than the others before him. He concluded that equal volumes of all gases expand equally with the same increase in temperature. (16,19).
Jacob Bernoulli was born on the 27th of December, 1654, to Niklaus and Margarethe Bernoulli, in Basel, Switzerland. He initially abided by his father’s wishes and studied theology, eventually joining the ministry, but also chose to study both mathematics and astronomy on the side. From the ages of 22 to 28, he traveled throughout Europe, learning about the most recent advances in mathematics and the natural sciences, including recent discoveries by Boyle and Hooke.
Robert’s father, William Burness was a tenant farmer who married Agnes Broun who was also a tenant farmer. Agnes gave birth to Robert Burns on 25th of January in Alloway, Ayrshire, Scotland on 1759. His last name was Burness but later it changed to Burns. Burns was the oldest child of seven brothers and sisters. When he was the age of seven, his father sold his household and moved to Mount Oliphant Farm. Their farmland was very ineffective and his family experience hard labor. His family lived in poverty and most of his early youth was filled with hardship. Burns
Early scientists were the easiest to describe the gaseous state. The gaseous state first began to be described during late 1662. The gaseous state led to many mathematical equations and formulas that can be applied to all, if not most, gases. In this essay many topics will be discussed. My main focus will include some properties of gases, and explain how the behaviors of gases differ as variables are included.
Robert Boyle studied modern chemistry and investigated air pressure. He made two important contributions to science especially medicine and gravitation. He was noted for his work on behalf of experimentation. “Boyle’s experimental approach to chemistry helped to bring it into the realm of modern scholarship” (Bowles, Kaplan, 2012). “Alchemy, a mystical or mysterious element that was associated with chemistry, was almost the only chemical investigation done until Boyle’s days” (Sweeney, 2014).Deceptive allegations, bizarre beliefs and absolute deception made medieval science a disgraceful means of research. “By substituting quasi-scientific work with the experimental method, Boyle did a great service for future generations of chemical researchers” (Sweeney, 2014).He did not make any particular discoveries that persist
Brand was obsessed with finding the Philosopher’s Stone; this stone reputedly could change metals into gold. With his discovery, this made Brand the first known discoverer of an element. In 1669, he isolated human urine and distilled it which resulted in a white and waxy material. Brand named this material phosphorus (light bearer) because it glowed in the dark. This discovery was kept a secret until 1680 when an English chemist Robert Boyle discovered phosphorus independently. Boyle’s definition of this element was simply “a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by a chemical reaction”. This definition of the element lasted for three centuries until the discovery of subatomic
Classical thermodynamics was the original study of thermodynamics in early 1800s. It was concerned with thermodynamic states, and properties as energy, work, and heat, and with the two laws of thermodynamics. However, classical thermodynamics lacked an atomic interpretation of the processes. Classical thermodynamics derives from the research done by physicist Robert Boyle. He developed the concept that the pressure P of a given quantity of gas varies inversely to its volume V at constant temperature. In other words this equation was derived: PV = k, a constant. From here, the thermo-science began to develop with the construction of the first successful atmospheric steam engines.
Galileo was born in Pisa, Italy on February 15th, 1564. His father, Vincenzo was a music teacher and musician. After his family moved to Florence, Galilei was sent to a monastery to be educated. He was so happy there that he decided to become a monk, but his father wanted him to be a medical doctor and brought him home to Florence. He was never really interested in medicine and studied mathematics at the University of Pisa. He was especially interested in famous mathematicians like Euclid (geometry) and Archimedes. In fact in 1586 he wrote his first book about one of Archimedes theories. He eventually became head of mathematics at the University of Pisa where he first wrote about a very important idea that he developed. It was about using experiments to test theories. He wrote about falling bodies in motion using inclined planes to test his theories.
T.C. Boyle’s A friend of the Earth is a creative novel that explores the importance of life preservation, love, and family. The story is centered around the main character Tyrone Tierwater and his journey through life alternating from present to past events. Aside from Tierwaters radical activism he also played a role as a loving father to his daughter Sierra Tierwater who lost her life standing up for nature conservation. From an outsider 's perspective Ty and Sierras relationship could seem brittle and unstable, but in truth these two characters share a bond so strong that no matter what comes between them they can 't be broken. Sierra and Tys connection thrives after he marries his second wife Andrea Cotton who is the beautiful spokeswoman for the group Earth Forever! In such an astonishing