The multidimensional poverty index (MPI) analysis is based on three dimensions (education, health and living standards) and each dimension has indicators; (education indicators are year of schooling and school attendance, health indicators are child mortality and nutrition and living standards indicators are sanitation, electricity, cooking fuel, drinking water, floor and assets). The principle for MPI is that a person is declared poor if he or she is deprived at least one third of the weighed indicators within the dimension. However, the results show that MPI is 0.332 (table 10), means at least one third of the Tanzanian are deprived at least one of the dimensions.
By following the trend of growth of different factors in figure 5 that trigger to the regression analysis, the figure shows all parameters growing with different rates.
Regression analysis was done to see what are the factors that affect poverty. The results of the analysis
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The analysis of the survey data of 2007/2008 and data from census of 2012 gave clear indication that rural development and informal sector activities are direct drivers to the poverty reduction. Inclusion of informal sectors in the economic growth proved to be an important transmission mechanism that allowed the poor to participate in economic growth opportunities originating in the rural development initiatives. The results of this paper support Utz (2008) findings which stipulated that although economic growth was significantly higher in urban than in rural areas in the period from 1990/01 to 2000/01, modest rural growth has clearly dominated the faster urban growth with respect to its effect on poverty reduction. In 2000-2012 the economic growth effect on poverty reduction was unnoticed due to high increase in population in the same
Although poverty has minimized, it is still significant poverty which is characterized by a numerous amount of things. There are two types of poverty case and insular. “Case poverty is the farm family with the junk-filled yard and the dirty children playing in the bare dirt” (Galbraith 236)Case poverty is not irretraceable and usually caused if someone in the household experiences “ mental deficiency, bad health, inability to adapt to the discipline of industrial life, uncontrollable procreation, alcohol, some educational handicap unrelated to community shortcomings” (Galbraith 236).Case poverty is often blamed on the people for their shortcomings but on some levels can be to pinpoint one person's shortcomings that caused this poverty. Most modern poverty is insular and is caused by things people in this community cannot control. “The most important characteristic of insular poverty is forces, common to all members of the community, that restrain or prevent participation in economic life and increase rates of return.
Poverty is poverty, but is it really the same? Although there are more people living in poverty in dense, urban areas compared to those living in sparely, populated rural areas, there are significant differences. According to United States Department of Agriculture, poverty rates increase as counties become more rural ("Rural Poverty," 2013). When it comes to poverty there are too many issues to be examined. However, the disparity between education, employment, healthcare and family living circumstances are major contributing factors affecting rural poverty.
In this essay I have defined the term 'poverty' which is being poor and living in poor places by where everyday needs cannot be met. I have also covered other factors regarding poor people and poor places. In the conclusion in this essay I can say that there is a relationship between poor people and poor places.
Over the last 10 years or so, the way of looking at the concepts like poverty and social exclusion has changed by a million miles. More and more people are drawn towards the idea of thinking about such things in a more detailed manner so as to gain a deeper understanding of it. For that is the only way, we can actually move towards truly dealing with them, instead of being the bird that puts its most sincere efforts in trying to catch the horizon which always moves away from it. The reason behind this shift in people’s mentalities is the broad acknowledgment that poverty is about more than just low incomes. What lies at the heart of how most people understand ‘poverty’ are their observations of instances of lower than reasonably required consumption and inadequate living standards. Aspects of poor health, a shortened lifespan, limited access to education, knowledge and information, and powerlessness in various domains are also associations that this term has conjured up.
United Nations Development Programme. Poverty Reduction and UNDP. New York: United Nations Development Programme, Jan. 2013. PDF.
Some of the prominent states that are consumed with poverty are Rwanda, Chad, and Democratic Republic of Congo. Rwanda is a landlocked, resource-poor country. The population is about 9.7 million, and 87 per cent of Rwandans live in rural areas. Population density in the country is the highest in Africa, with about 370 persons/km². The country is one of the poorest in Africa. Gross domestic product per capita was US$464 in 2008, and Rwanda ranked 167th out of 182 countries in the 2009 United Nations Development Program’s Human Development Index. Chad is also one of the world's poorest countries. In 2003 over 54 per cent of the population was living below the poverty line. For much of the population health and social conditions are inadequate. Chronic food shortages are widespread, and malnutrition levels among young children are high. These statistics are slightly higher in rural as oppose...
It can, therefore, be concluded that poverty has a negative effect to the overall well-being of the victim in
The overriding challenge Uganda faces today is the curse of poverty. Poverty, ‘the lack of something”(“Poverty.”), something can be materials, knowledge, or anything one justifies as necessary to living. Associated with poverty is the question of what causes poverty and how to stop poverty? The poverty rate in Uganda has declined from the year 2002 from the year 2009, which shows the percent of residents living in poverty has decreasing. Yet, the year is 2014 and the poverty rate could have drastically changed over the course of five years. One could assume the poverty rate would continue to decrease, which would be astounding and beneficial, but does poverty ever decrease enough to an acceptable level or even nonexistence? Poverty is a complex issue that continues to puzzle people from all across the globe. Poverty could possible be a question that is never truly answered.
The second measure is poverty gap index (P1) it measures the extent to which household fall under the poverty line (the poverty gaps) as a proportion of the poverty line. The addition of these poverty gaps gives the lowest cost of eradicating poverty, if transfers were perfectly targeted. But this measure does not show changes in inequality among the poor household. The third measurement is squared poverty gap (“poverty severity”) index (P2) it is averages the squares of the poverty gaps relative to the poverty line (All JH, 2005).
One of the contemporary challenges facing policy makers is the incidence and spatial concentration of poverty. The multiple dimensions of poverty includes: levels of employment, education, incidence of poor health, poverty levels, and macroeconomic conditions. In this report we will examine two of them: employment rate and education to find out if countries can reduce poverty level by increasing employment rate and increasing number of people who finish at least upper secondary education. Moreover, we will find out what is more important to increase employment rate or increase number of people who finish secondary education to decrease poverty level in the countries. To find out all these things we will summarise the information, using descriptive statistics, test relationship between the variables using correlation and regression which will answer our questions.
There is no doubt that the economic growth, namely income growth, has contributed to the greatest which accounted for more than half of the achievement. Meanwhile, because of indicators of health, low education is slowing overall progress of Vietnam. Public expenditure on education in Vietnam is comparable with countries in the region, but the quality of education is lower. As health care spending is most from private sources and 56% is taken from civilian's tax. In detail, 50% of the poor have no social assistance; only 20% of employees participate in social insurance contributions. Vietnam spends less than 1% of GDP to social assistance for the poor. In the report of 2011 launched the first multi-dimensional poverty index for Vietnam. Multidimensional Poverty Index measures the different forms of deprivation in health, education and standard of living. According to this report, the rate of non-monetary poverty in Vietnam (those lacking the health, education and standard of living) is at 23.3%, higher than the national poverty rate is 14, 5%. (Bac,
For economic factors, low wages would be the variable that would lead to poverty. Families that receive low wages can barely support their living expenses. Thus they would not have enough money for programs that would aid their children’s education. Some families think that crime has better incentives than working a low paying job and thus crime could be put in as an economic factor that leads to poverty. Not having enough money for programs like education leads to the ind...
Social issues are problems in the society today that are described as wrong, widespread and changeable. A category of conditions that people believe need to be changed. Poverty is a serious social issue in the society today. According to Peilin (2012), poverty brings hardships to families and individuals as well as political thereby negatively affecting the social stability and social development and posing a severe threat to human security (p. 243). This paper focuses on poverty as a social issue in today’s society. First, it gives a succinct introduction of the social issue, and then describes how it fits into the field of sociology. It also evaluates the sociological theories and terminology that relate to the social issue. The section that follows evaluates what is known and unknown about the particular social issue. This is followed by a discussion regarding the value of sociological research into the issue determining the available or possible practical implications of the sociological inquiry. The information presented here is strongly supported by the concepts and theories derived from reliable sources.
There has been an uneven distribution of poverty incidence and poverty gap in Ghana over the past decades. A proportion of the population of Ghana enjoys fair outcome of the national development whiles others lumber in poverty. In fact, poverty level would have reduced in Ghana if there is a decreasing inequality. The disparities in the distri-bution of welfare between the rural poor and the urban population in Ghana may be attributed to several factors.
SO"Types of poverty." Zanzibar Poverty Reduction Plan (ZPRP). Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar’s, n.d. Web. 13 Nov 2013. . URCE: